The effects of intervening with physical activity in the early years (ages 3-5) on health-related quality of life: a secondary analysis of the Activity Begins in Childhood (ABC) trial.

Purpose: Limited research has measured the effect of physical activity (PA) interventions on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among pre-school-aged children. This study evaluates the effect of the Activity Begins in Childhood (ABC) cluster-randomized controlled trial designed to increase PA in the ages 3-5 years on HRQoL.

Methods: This was a cluster-randomized controlled trial where the intervention group included PA education delivered to daycare providers only, or daycare providers and parents.

Smoking May Reduce the Effectiveness of Anti-TNF Therapies to Induce Clinical Response and Remission in Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Cigarette smoking worsens prognosis of Crohn's disease [CD]. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between smoking and induction of clinical response or remission with anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane CENTRAL [June 2019] were searched for studies reporting the effect of smoking on short-term clinical response and remission to anti-TNF therapy [≤16 weeks following the first treatment] in patients with CD.

Ambient air pollution and the risk of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based cohort study.

Background: High-income nations have the highest rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The incidence of pediatric-onset IBD is increasing faster than IBD diagnosed in older individuals. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that air pollution might be a risk factor for development of earlier-onset IBD, but results remain mixed.

Does respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory illness in early life cause recurrent wheeze of early childhood and asthma? Critical review of the evidence and guidance for future studies from a World Health Organization-sponsored meeting.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and hospitalization in infants and children globally. Many observational studies have found an association between RSV LRTI in early life and subsequent respiratory morbidity, including recurrent wheeze of early childhood (RWEC) and asthma. Conversely, two randomized placebo-controlled trials of efficacious anti-RSV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in heterogenous infant populations found no difference in physician-diagnosed RWEC or asthma by treatment group.

A new record linkage for assessing infant mortality rates in Ontario, Canada.

Objective: Infant mortality statistics for Canada have routinely omitted Ontario-Canada's most populous province-as a high proportion of Vital Statistics infant death registrations could not be linked with their corresponding Vital Statistics live birth registrations. We assessed the feasibility of linking an alternative source of live birth information with infant death registrations.

Methods: All infant deaths occurring before 365 days of age registered in Ontario's Vital Statistics in 2010-2011 were linked with birth records in the Canadian Institute for Health Information's hospitalization database.

Gender diversity training in Canadian paediatric postgraduate medical education: A needs assessment survey.

Objectives: Evaluate the current state of postgraduate medical education on gender diversity in Canadian paediatric residency programs, exploring both resident and program director perceptions.

Background: Primary care providers are seeing more gender diverse children and youth in their offices, along with an exponential growth in referrals to Canadian specialty clinics and potential for significant mental health comorbidities. Gender-affirming support and management have been shown to improve overall outcomes.

Parent resources for early childhood vaccination: An online environmental scan.

Background: Early childhood vaccination is one of the most important public health interventions. However, the injections are usually painful. Clinical practice guidelines recommend using pain management strategies for infants during vaccination.

A 2-year review of publicly funded cell-free DNA screening in Ontario: utilization and adherence to funding criteria.

Objective: Ontario offers a publicly funded modified contingent model of prenatal screening for aneuploidy in which cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening is covered for pregnancies at higher risk of fetal aneuploidy. The objective of this study was to review utilization of provincially funded cfDNA screening and adherence to the criteria laid out in Ontario prenatal screening guidelines.

Methods: This was a descriptive cohort study using data collected by Ontario's prescribed maternal and child registry.

Codelivery of mRNA with α-Galactosylceramide Using a New Lipopolyplex Formulation Induces a Strong Antitumor Response upon Intravenous Administration.

Recently, the use of mRNA-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy has gained growing attention. Several studies have shown that mRNA delivered in a vectorized format can generate a robust and efficient immune response. In this work, a new lipopolyplex vector (multi-LP), incorporating the immune adjuvant α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and a multivalent cationic lipid, was proposed for the in vivo delivery of mRNA into antigen-presenting cells.

Health outcomes of young children born to mothers who received 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccination during pregnancy: retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine whether any association exists between exposure to 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza vaccination during pregnancy and negative health outcomes in early childhood.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Population based birth registry linked with health administrative databases in the province of Ontario, Canada.

A mixed-methods evaluation of the MORE program in Ontario hospitals: participant knowledge, organizational culture, and experiences.

Background: MORE (Managing Obstetrical Risk Efficiently) is a patient safety program for health care providers and administrators in hospital obstetric units. MORE has been implemented widely in Canada and gradually spread to the United States. The main goal of MORE is to build a patient safety culture and improve clinical outcomes.

Agreement assessment of key maternal and newborn data elements between birth registry and Clinical Administrative Hospital Databases in Ontario, Canada.

Purpose: Since 2012, BORN Ontario, a maternal-newborn registry, has collected data on every birth in Ontario. To ensure data quality, we assessed the reliability of key elements collected in BORN by comparing these with like data elements in the Canadian Institute for Health Information-Discharge Abstract Database (CIHI-DAD).

Methods: We used provincial health card numbers to deterministically link live or stillbirth records and their corresponding mothers' records in the BORN database to the CIHI-DAD in the fiscal years 2012-2013 to 2014-2015.

Effect of implementation of the MORE program on adverse maternal and neonatal birth outcomes in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: In 2002, the MORE (Managing Obstetrical Risk Efficiently) obstetrical patient safety program was phased-in across hospitals in Ontario, Canada. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of the MORE program on rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study, using province-wide administrative hospitalization data.

Effects of sex and birth weight on non-specific health services use following whole-cell pertussis vaccination: a self-controlled case series analysis.

Previous studies from low-resource countries have highlighted concerns surrounding non-specific effects of whole-cell pertussis vaccination, particularly in females. We sought to examine the effects of sex and birth weight on health services utilization following first exposure to whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Using a self-controlled case series design and by calculating relative incidence ratios (RIRs), we compared the relative incidence of emergency department visits and/or hospital admissions between sexes and between birth weight quintiles.

The mucosal-luminal interface: an ideal sample to study the mucosa-associated microbiota and the intestinal microbial biogeography.

Background: Alterations in gastrointestinal microbial communities have been linked to human disease. Most studies use fecal samples as a proxy for the intestinal microbiota; however, the fecal microbiome is not fully representative of the mucosa-associated microbiota at the site of disease. While mucosal biopsies can be used instead, they often contain a high proportion of host DNA that can confound 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing studies.

A Parent-Targeted and Mediated Video Intervention to Improve Uptake of Pain Treatment for Infants During Newborn Screening: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Most newborns undergo newborn screening blood tests. Breastfeeding, skin-to-skin care, and sweet solutions effectively reduce pain; however, these strategies are inconsistently used. We conducted a 2-armed pilot randomized controlled trial in a mother-baby unit to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a parent-targeted and -mediated video demonstrating use of these pain-reducing strategies and to obtain preliminary effectiveness data on uptake of pain management.

A nomenclature and classification for the congenital myasthenic syndromes: preparing for FAIR data in the genomic era.

Background: Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a heterogeneous group of inherited neuromuscular disorders sharing the common feature of fatigable weakness due to defective neuromuscular transmission. Despite rapidly increasing knowledge about the genetic origins, specific features and potential treatments for the known CMS entities, the lack of standardized classification at the most granular level has hindered the implementation of computer-based systems for knowledge capture and reuse. Where individual clinical or genetic entities do not exist in disease coding systems, they are often invisible in clinical records and inadequately annotated in information systems, and features that apply to one disease but not another cannot be adequately differentiated.

Informing randomized clinical trials of respiratory syncytial virus vaccination during pregnancy to prevent recurrent childhood wheezing: A sample size analysis.

Background: Early RSV illness is associated with wheeze-associated disorders in childhood. Candidate respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines may prevent acute RSV illness in infants. We investigated the feasibility of maternal RSV vaccine trials to demonstrate reductions in recurrent childhood wheezing in general paediatric populations.

Children's Pain and Distress at a Public Influenza Vaccination Clinic: A Parent Survey and Public Observation Study.

Immunizations are a necessary but distressing and painful procedure that most infants and children regularly undergo. Each year, a tertiary pediatric hospital in Canada holds an influenza vaccination clinic for all staff and their families. Evidence-based interventions to reduce pain and distress in babies and children are used.

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy.

High-throughput genome-wide RNAi (RNA interference) screening technology has been widely used for discovering host factors that impact virus replication. Here we present the application of this technology to uncovering host targets that specifically modulate the replication of Maraba virus, an oncolytic rhabdovirus, and vaccinia virus with the goal of enhancing therapy. While the protocol has been tested for use with oncolytic Maraba virus and oncolytic vaccinia virus, this approach is applicable to other oncolytic viruses and can also be utilized for identifying host targets that modulate virus replication in mammalian cells in general.

Sexual Health of Adolescent Patients Admitted to a Psychiatric Unit.

Objective: To review sexual health screening practices during admission to an adolescent psychiatry unit.

Method: Retrospective chart review of randomly selected youth admitted over a one-year period (2013). Data extracted included demographics, reasons for admission, sexual health history, as well as any comorbid behaviours noted.

Independent of Birth Mode or Gestational Age, Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants Fed Their Mothers' Milk Rapidly Develop Personalized Microbiotas Low in Bifidobacterium.

Background: Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; born weighing <1500 g) infant feeding with mother's own milk (mother's milk) is associated with numerous beneficial health outcomes. Several interventions, including the prophylactic use of probiotics, are being adopted to promote a gastrointestinal microbiota favorable to the gut health of VLBW infants. An improved understanding of the microbiota that results from mother's milk feeding would therefore facilitate progress in this field.

Temporal trends in postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer rates in 50- to 74-year-old persons: a population-based study.

Background And Aims: Colorectal cancers (CRCs) diagnosed between 6 and 36 months after colonoscopy, termed postcolonoscopy CRCs (PCCRCs), arise primarily due to missed or inadequately treated neoplasms during colonoscopy. Introduction of multiple quality indicators and technological advances to colonoscopy practice should have reduced the PCCRC rate over time. We assessed temporal trends in the population rate of PCCRC as a measure of changing colonoscopy quality.

Mining the transcriptome for rare disease therapies: a comparison of the efficiencies of two data mining approaches and a targeted cell-based drug screen.

Most monogenic diseases can be viewed as conditions caused by dysregulated protein activity; therefore, drugs can be used to modulate gene expression, and thus protein level, possibly conferring clinical benefit. When considering repurposing drugs for loss of function diseases, there are three classes of genetic disease amenable to an increase of function; haploinsufficient dominant diseases, those secondary to hypomorphic recessive alleles, and conditions with rescuing paralogs. This therapeutic model then brings the questions: how frequently do such clinically useful drug-gene interactions occur and what is the most rapid and efficient route by which to identify them.