429 results match your criteria: "Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO)[Affiliation]"

Ambulatory pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Can J Anaesth

December 2024

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Purpose: This Continuing Professional Development module aims to help the general anesthesiologist recognize common pitfalls in ambulatory pediatric adenotonsillectomy and perform appropriate risk stratification, analgesic management, and disposition planning.

Principal Findings: Pediatric adenotonsillectomy is a widely performed procedure. An updated approach to preoperative risk assessment of commonly associated comorbidities allows the practitioner to anticipate and plan for adverse events.

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Objective: We identified factors associated with computed tomographic (CT) imaging within 24 hours of emergency department (ED) presentation in hospitalized children with severe orbital infections.

Patients And Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted that included children aged 2 months to 18 years between 2009 and 2018 who were admitted to the hospital with severe orbital infections, including periorbital and orbital cellulitis. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to identify possible factors associated with receiving a CT scan within 24 hours of ED presentation.

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Introduction: Intracranial hemorrhage in the newborn poses a significant challenge to their well-being and subsequent development. In pre-term neonates, germinal matrix hemorrhage is the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage with the prevalence varying from 20 to 59%. However, in term neonates, the prevalence and type of intracranial hemorrhage have not been well elucidated.

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Background/objectives: Despite strong evidence that breastfeeding, skin-to-skin care, and sucrose reduce pain in newborns during minor painful procedures, these interventions remain underutilized in practice. To address this knowledge-to-practice gap, we produced a five-minute parent-targeted video demonstrating the analgesic effects of these strategies and examined whether the use of newborn pain treatment increased in maternal-newborn care settings following the introduction of the video by nurses.

Methods: The design was a pre-post outcome evaluation.

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The anesthesia human resources crisis in Canada.

Can J Anaesth

November 2024

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.

Human resources are essential to the safe and effective functioning of any health care system. Pressure on the health care workforce is of active global concern. There appears to be an anesthesia service delivery crisis in Canada.

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Introduction: Indigenous children in Canada represent one of the fastest-growing pediatric populations and experience severe health inequities. There is an ongoing need for new research on relevant methods to measure the health and wellbeing of Indigenous children that considers the cultural differences between communities. The Aaniish Naa Gegii: the Children's Health and Well-Being Measure (ACHWM) is a self-reported questionnaire that was developed to meet this need and to include the voices of Indigenous children.

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Peer support is a promising approach to increasing hope, engagement, and connection for those with eating disorders (EDs). Emerging literature explores peer mentors' experiences of providing support, suggesting that mentors often benefit from providing peer support, particularly when well trained and supervised. We conducted semi-structured interviews or focus groups with 15 individuals providing peer support (one-on-one, group, or chat) to individuals with EDs.

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Zebrafish () are a good model for cancer research including studies on chemotherapy treatments. We treated wild-type and deletion mutant zebrafish embryos at 24 h post-fertilization with 1 µM of the topoisomerase I inhibitor, camptothecin (CPT), for 4 h to catalogue gene expression changes induced by this DNA damage treatment and to understand if these changes are influenced by loss of miR-34a. The 4 sample groups of 3 independent biological samples consisting of 30 embryos each were analyzed by RNA-sequencing using the recently updated zebrafish transcriptome annotation based on GRCz11, which enabled a more complete and sensitive read mapping and gene assignment than standard annotations.

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Fractures of the fifth metacarpal are a common injury. In children, they are often stable and heal uneventfully, including after closed reduction. Fractures of the metacarpal diaphysis, conversely, tend to be unstable and may require surgical intervention.

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Background: The precision child and youth mental health (PCYMH) paradigm has great potential to transform CYMH care and research, but there are numerous concerns about feasibility, sustainablity, and equity. Implementation science and evaluation methodology, particularly participatory logic models created with stakeholders, may help catalyze PCYMH-driven system transformation. This paper aims to: (1) report results of a PCYMH logic model scoping review; (2) present a case study illustrating creation of a participatory logic model for a PCYMH start-up; and (3) share the final model plus lessons learned.

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Article Synopsis
  • Titanium nanotubular surfaces show promise for biomedical implants because they enhance osseointegration and other cellular interactions, but their effects in various biochemical contexts remain under-researched.
  • This study examines how different nanotopographical designs and varying glucose levels influence the behavior of human MG63 osteoblastic cells, using techniques like live cell imaging and immunofluorescence.
  • Findings indicate that all tested nanotube surfaces help counteract negative effects typically associated with high glucose levels in cell behavior.
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Aggravating mechanisms from COVID-19.

Virol J

September 2024

College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggers immune-related diseases through mechanisms like inflammasome activation, cGAS-STING signaling, and SAMHD1 tetramerization, all of which lead to the production of type I interferon (IFN-I).
  • - The virus employs certain proteins (ORF3a, NSP6, NSP7, and NSP8) to inhibit immune responses, helping it replicate and evade detection, affecting various signaling pathways in the host's immune system.
  • - The combined effects of these mechanisms contribute to severe health issues in multiple organs, including kidneys, liver, heart, brain, and gastrointestinal systems, highlighting the need for effective treatments to manage the disease
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The role of nurses in leading the design and delivery of primary health care services to address health inequities is growing in prominence, specifically in rural Australia. However, limited evidence exists to inform nurse-led primary health care in this context. Based on a focus group with nursing executives and semi-structured interviews with registered nurses we describe nurse experiences of leading the design of a primary health care service in rural Australia and nurse transition to and practice in this service.

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Article Synopsis
  • The Canadian Critical Care Trials Group (CCCTG) aims to promote Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) in critical care research by creating a glossary of sociodemographic determinants of health to support educational initiatives and enhance inclusive language among professionals.
  • The glossary includes twelve key sociodemographic domains like age, sex, race, and income, with detailed definitions and examples related to healthcare disparities relevant to critical care.
  • Developed collaboratively with various stakeholders, this resource is meant to guide critical care professionals in addressing equity issues and improving health outcomes in their practices.
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Thrombospondin-4 as potential cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for therapy response in pediatric spinal muscular atrophy.

J Neurol

October 2024

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology, and Social Pediatrics, Center for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children and Adolescents, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.

Background And Purpose: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) as the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in childhood is characterized by the deficiency of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein leading predominantly to degeneration of alpha motor neurons and consequently to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Besides some biomarkers like SMN2 copy number therapeutic biomarkers for SMA with known relevance for neuromuscular transmission are lacking. Here, we examined the potential of Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) to serve as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker, which may also indicate treatment response.

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Evidence for the value of peer support for eating disorders (EDs) is growing. Peer support is not a replacement for treatment, but can provide hope for recovery, enhance motivation for treatment, and increase feelings of connectedness and belonging for those experiencing EDs. In this study, we explored peer mentees' experiences of peer support for EDs to better understand the impact of peer support and its role in the Canadian treatment and support continuum.

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Objectives: Emergent vascular imaging identifies a subset of patients requiring immediate specialized care (i.e. carotid stenosis > 50%, dissection or free-floating thrombus).

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Article Synopsis
  • Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare infection of the frontal bone, posing serious neurological risks, and has been documented in cases involving immune dysfunction like Incontinentia pigmenti (IP).
  • A literature review found 12 cases of PPT linked to immune issues, with diabetes and iatrogenic immunosuppression as common causes; surgical intervention is the primary treatment.
  • PPT is increasingly recognized in patients with immune suppression, necessitating prompt and effective management to ensure better health outcomes.
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Pediatric cancer-pathology and microenvironment influence: a perspective into osteosarcoma and non-osteogenic mesenchymal malignant neoplasms.

Discov Oncol

August 2024

Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.

Pediatric cancer remains the leading cause of disease-related death among children aged 1-14 years. A few risk factors have been conclusively identified, including exposure to pesticides, high-dose radiation, and specific genetic syndromes, but the etiology underlying most events remains unknown. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes stromal cells, vasculature, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and different subsets of immunological cells.

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Objective: Patients with cerebral palsy (CP) face lifelong consequences of their condition, and their healthcare needs evolve as they age. Transitional care for these patients is not universally available and various models have been described. In this article, the authors review the current literature surrounding transitional care for patients with CP, focusing predominantly on the neurosurgical aspects of transitional care, and they describe current approaches adopted by programs in North America.

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Ovomucin and its hydrolysates differentially influenced colitis severity in -infected mice.

Food Funct

August 2024

Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Egg white protein ovomucin and its hydrolysates were previously reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesive activities. However, their potential to regulate pathogen colonization and disease severity has not been fully characterized. To investigate the effects of ovomucin (OVM) and its hydrolysates including ovomucin-Protex 26L (OP) and -pepsin/pancreatin (OPP) on host resistance to pathogen infection, a well-documented colitis model in mice for attaching and effacing pathogens, , was used in the current study.

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BPD: Latest Strategies of Prevention and Treatment.

Neonatology

October 2024

Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common long-term complication of extreme preterm birth. It is associated with lifelong multisystemic consequences. Advances in neonatal care have not reduced the incidence of BPD and no new breakthrough therapy has been successfully translated into the clinic in recent decades.

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Article Synopsis
  • * It identified factors influencing healthcare costs, such as age, sex, type of initial treatment, and access to mental health care, highlighting that average costs were about CA$15,168 per child.
  • * The researchers developed a predictive model that could help identify children likely to incur high costs, aiming to find ways to manage expenses while maintaining quality care for these patients.
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Basic implications on three pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Biomed J

July 2024

College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • - SARS-CoV-2 affects the host's body by interacting with various pathways, leading to problems in multiple organs.
  • - Key pathways involved in the virus's function include ACE2, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), neuropilin (NRP), and the spike protein.
  • - Future strategies should focus on modifying innate lymphoid cells to effectively respond to different coronavirus variants and halt disease progression.
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Background: Thyroid nodules are unusual in children, but when present, they carry a higher risk for malignancy, as compared to adults. Several guidelines have been created to address the risk stratification for malignancy of thyroid nodules in adults, but none has been completely validated in children. A few authors have proposed lowering the size threshold to the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS™) management guidelines to decrease missed carcinomas at presentation in children; however, little information is known regarding their accuracy.

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