Attitudes and Perceptions of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Caribbean and African American Adolescent boys and Their Parents.

Study Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. The prevalence of HPV in men ranges from 20% to 65% and is high at all ages. HPV vaccine has high efficacy in preventing HPV infection, cervical cancer, and genital warts.

Insulin resistance, lipodystrophy and cardiometabolic syndrome in HIV/AIDS.

HIV associated insulin resistance, lipodistrophy and cardiometabolic syndrome have been extensively studied and continue to be the scope of much research. There is compelling evidence that both the HIV itself and the therapeutical regimes are major contributors to all of these associated comorbidities. HIV has increasingly been recognized as a disease of accelerated aging, manifested by increased progression of vascular disease and cellular markers of aging.

Bone and vitamin D metabolism in HIV.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has progressed to a chronic disease and HIV positive individuals are living longer lives. This has lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality due to secondary issues, one being HIV bone disease. HIV infected pediatric and adult populations have a greater incidence in reduction of BMD as compared to the controls.

Hyperandrogenism Does Not Influence Metabolic Parameters in Adolescent Girls with PCOS.

Background. Underlying insulin resistance and/or obesity has clearly been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome in adolescents and young adults with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). It is not clear however what role hyperandrogenism has on the development of metabolic syndrome or its role on those metabolic parameters associated with metabolic syndrome.

Isolated mild clitoral hypertrophy may reveal 46,XY disorders of sex development in infancy due to 17βHSD-3 defect confirmed by molecular analysis.

Aims: 17-β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17βHSD-3) is expressed exclusively in the testes where it converts Δ4 androstenedione (Δ4) to testosterone (T). Here, we report a patient with a rare mutation at a critical site in HSD17B3 gene leading to deficiency of 17β HSD-3 enzyme.

Methods: We describe a 3-year old healthy female of consanguineous Lebanese descent, who presented to the endocrine service with isolated mild clitoromegaly.

Isolated micropenis reveals partial androgen insensitivity syndrome confirmed by molecular analysis.

Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is the milder variant of androgen receptor (AR) defects. The subtle effects of AR mutations present in a patient with micropenis, peno-scrotal hypospadias, infertility, clitoromegaly and posterior labial fusion. We studied the association of isolated micropenis with the genetic defects resulting in androgen resistance, that is, AR gene defects and 5-alpha reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) deficiency.

Study of glucose profiles with continuous glucose monitoring in adolescents with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To evaluate glycemic excursions in adolescents with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).

Methods: Seventeen adolescents (12 F/5 M) underwent glucose monitoring for 3 days using a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Glucose measurements were divided into periods of euglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia.

Selective transmission of multidrug resistant HIV to a newborn related to poor maternal adherence.

Objectives: To report perinatal transmission of multidrug resistant (MDR) HIV related to variable maternal adherence antenatally.

Methods: Case study including review of clinic records, adherence information, laboratory data, and HIV genotyping results in mother and infant.

Results: Poor maternal adherence to clinic visits and antiretroviral therapy contributed to detectable viraemia antenatally.