Role of biopsy in pediatric lymphadenopathy.

Objective: To determine the role of lymph node biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy and to find out the pattern of different diseases in relation to age, gender, and the site of lymph nodes involved.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at the Histopathology Department of the Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan, over a period of 9 years, from January 1999 to December 2007. Tissue samples were collected from 898 children presenting with lymphadenopathy, and the diagnosis was confirmed on histology and through various specific tests.

Nosocomial bloodstream infection in a tertiary care paediatric intensive care unit.

Objective: To determine the frequency, causative organisms and susceptibility pattern of nosocomial bloodstream infections in children.

Study Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Children's Hospital, Lahore, from January to December 2004.

Does early referral to tertiary care decrease the mortality related to birth asphyxia?

Objective: To find the association of time of referral of asphyxiated newborns with the outcome.

Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Neonatal Unit of Children's Hospital, Lahore, from August to December 2000.

Acute poisoning in children.

Objective: To determine the frequency, etiology, clinical presentation and outcome of acute poisoning in children presenting to a tertiary care hospital.

Design: Descriptive and observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Emergency Department of the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore.

Brain abscess in children.

Objective: To find out the clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, various underlying predisposing conditions and causative organisms of brain abscess in children in our setup.

Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, over two years from September 2001 to August 2003.

The etiology of neonatal sepsis and patterns of antibiotic resistance.

Objective: To study the patterns of causative bacteria and antibiotic resistance in neonatal sepsis.

Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Neonatology, The Children s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore from July 2000 to December 2000.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting as a pseudotumor in a 2-month-old boy.

The authors report on a 2-month-old boy presenting with a right renal mass. Investigations including ultrasound scan and computed tomogram were suggestive of a renal tumor. A right nephrectomy was performed with great difficulty because of dense adhesions to the adjacent structures.

Anterior urethral valves: a rare cause of infravesical obstruction in children.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the clinical presentation, mode of diagnosis, and treatment of patients with anterior urethral valves (AUV), a rare congenital anomaly causing infravesical obstruction in children.

Methods: Three patients with anterior urethral valves were admitted in the Pediatric Urology Unit at The Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, during the period 1997 through 1998. Main clinical features included difficulty in voiding, dribbling of urine, incontinence, poor urinary stream, hematuria, and urinary tract infections.

Fluconazole for treatment of fungal infections of the urinary tract in children.

Two children with fungal urinary tract infections (UTI) were treated with fluconazole. One had bilateral megaureters, an almost non-functioning right kidney, and a moderately functioning left kidney because of severe vesicoureteric reflux. He underwent a ureteric reimplantation procedure but developed a fungal UTI postoperatively.