Evaluation of Phoenix Sepsis Score Criteria: Exploratory Analysis of Characteristics and Outcomes in an Emergency Transport PICU Cohort From the United Kingdom, 2014-2016.

Objectives: To assess characteristics and outcomes of children with suspected or confirmed infection requiring emergency transport and PICU admission and to explore the association between the 2024 Phoenix Sepsis Score (PSS) criteria and mortality.

Design: Retrospective analysis of curated data from a 2014-2016 multicenter cohort study.

Setting: PICU admission following emergency transport in South East England, United Kingdom, from April 2014 to December 2016.

Automated abdominal aortic calcification and major adverse cardiovascular events in people undergoing osteoporosis screening: the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Registry.

Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) images from bone density machines enable the automated machine learning assessment of abdominal aortic calcification (ML-AAC), a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The objective of this study was to describe the risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE, from linked health records) in patients attending routine bone mineral density (BMD) testing and meeting specific criteria based on age, BMD, height loss, or glucocorticoid use have a VFA in the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Registry. The cohort included 10 250 individuals (mean 75.

The substance-exposed birthing person-infant/child dyad and health information exchange in the United States.

Objective: Timely access to data is needed to improve care for substance-exposed birthing persons and their infants, a significant public health problem in the United States. We examined the current state of birthing person and infant/child (dyad) data-sharing capabilities supported by health information exchange (HIE) standards and HIE network capabilities for data exchange to inform point-of-care needs assessment for the substance-exposed dyad.

Material And Methods: A cross-map analysis was performed using a set of dyadic data elements focused on pediatric development and longitudinal supportive care for substance-exposed dyads (70 birthing person and 110 infant/child elements).

Accuracy of Capillary Blood for Assessing Vitamin A Nutritional Status Among Children Under 7 Years of Age: A Multicenter Study.

Vitamin A deficiency remains a major public health problem worldwide, particularly among young children. Capillary blood has the potential for application in vitamin A assessment. The aim of this study is to validate the accuracy of capillary blood for assessing vitamin A nutritional status among young children.

Abnormalities in cerebellar subregions' volume and cerebellocerebral structural covariance in autism spectrum disorder.

The cerebellum plays a crucial role in functions, including sensory-motor coordination, cognition, and emotional processing. Compared to the neocortex, the human cerebellum exhibits a protracted developmental trajectory. This delayed developmental timeline may lead to increased sensitivity of the cerebellum to external influences, potentially extending the vulnerability period for neurological disorders.

Phenotype Spectrum of TRPM3-Associated Disorders.

Objective: Monoallelic variants in the transient receptor potential melastatin-related type 3 gene (TRPM3) have been associated with neurodevelopmental manifestations, but knowledge on the clinical manifestations and treatment options is limited. We characterized the clinical spectrum, highlighting particularly the epilepsy phenotype, and the effect of treatments.

Methods: We analyzed retrospectively the phenotypes and genotypes of 43 individuals with TRPM3 variants, acquired from GeneMatcher and collaborations (n = 21), and through a systematic literature search (n = 22).

Topical Netarsudil in Childhood Glaucoma: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical netarsudil 0.02% in managing childhood glaucoma.

Methods: A literature search in the electronic databases of PubMed CENTRAL, Google Scholar, EMBASE, the Register of Controlled Trials, and Ovid MEDLINE from January 2017 to August 2023 using one or a combination of the following terms: "netarsudil," "rhopressa," "Rho-kinase," "pediatric glaucoma," "childhood glaucoma," "intraocular pressure" was conducted.

Routine Prenatal cfDNA Screening for Autosomal Dominant Single-Gene Conditions.

Background: Genetic screening has advanced from prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening for aneuploidies (cfDNA-ANP) to single-gene disorders (cfDNA-SGD). Clinical validation studies have been promising in pregnancies with anomalies but are limited in the general population.

Methods: Chart review and laboratory data identified pregnancies with cfDNA-SGD screening for 25 autosomal dominant conditions at our academic center.

Detection of Clinically Relevant Monogenic Copy-Number Variants by a Comprehensive Genome-Wide Microarray with Exonic Coverage.

Background: Disease-causing copy-number variants (CNVs) often encompass contiguous genes and can be detected using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Conversely, CNVs affecting single disease-causing genes have historically been challenging to detect due to their small sizes.

Methods: A custom comprehensive CMA (Baylor College of Medicine - BCM v11.

AI-assisted Total Body Dermoscopic Evaluation of Changes in Melanocytic Nevi during Pregnancy: A Prospective, Comparative Study of 2,799 Nevi.

Pregnancy-associated changes in melanocytic nevi (MN), apart from size increase on the trunk, remain a topic of debate. We conducted the first prospective study to investigate dermoscopic changes in MN comparing pregnant with non-pregnant women on all body parts using a market-approved convolutional neural network (CNN). We included 25 pregnant and 25 non-pregnant women from Basel, Switzerland, who underwent standard skin cancer screenings and whose MN > 2 mm were digitally recorded and analysed by a CNN.

MVA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates encoding different spike protein conformations induce distinct early transcriptional responses which may impact subsequent adaptive immunity.

Introduction: Vaccine platforms such as viral vectors and mRNA can accelerate vaccine development in response to newly emerging pathogens, as demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the differential effects of platform and antigen insert on vaccine immunogenicity remain incompletely understood. Innate immune responses induced by viral vector vaccines are suggested to have an adjuvant effect for subsequent adaptive immunity.

Feasibility of at-Home Sleep Monitoring in Adolescents with and without Concussion.

Background: Poor sleep is associated with longer recovery following adolescent concussion, making the longitudinal assessment of sleep important for monitoring recovery and identifying sleep disruptions. An important consideration for successful monitoring of sleep following concussion is the feasibility and adherence of a given sleep monitoring tool when used in an at-home environment. Understanding the usability of different sleep monitoring tools is essential for determining their applicability for longitudinal assessment in an ecologically valid environment.

The Functioning of Ethics Committees in Kazakhstan: Results and Recommendations.

Background: Sixteen RECs were randomly selected from various institutions across Kazakhstan, representing both public and private sectors and covering biomedical and socio-behavioral research reviews.

Objective: This research addresses a critical knowledge gap by providing empirical data on REC operations in Kazakhstan, facilitating a better understanding of how these committees align with international ethical standards and best practices. Furthermore, by situating our findings within the broader context of REC performance in LMICs, we aim to highlight specific challenges unique to Kazakhstan and propose evidence-based recommendations.

The use of patient-generated health data in the management of low anterior resection syndrome: a qualitative study.

Background: The cornerstone of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) treatment is self-management, which requires patient engagement. Colorectal surgeons and nurses may use patient-generated health data (PGHD) to help guide patients in their use of self-management strategies for LARS. However, the perspectives of LARS experts on the use of PGHD remain largely unexplored.

Precision Medicine for Pulmonary Vascular Disease: The Future Is Now (2023 Grover Conference Series).

Pulmonary vascular disease is not a single condition; rather it can accompany a variety of pathologies that impact the pulmonary vasculature. Applying precision medicine strategies to better phenotype, diagnose, monitor, and treat pulmonary vascular disease is increasingly possible with the growing accessibility of powerful clinical and research tools. Nevertheless, challenges exist in implementing these tools to optimal effect.

Efficacy and safety of wet cupping in the treatment of neurodermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Neurodermatitis is a chronic skin condition characterized by intense itching and skin thickening due to neurological dysfunction. Its persistent nature poses a challenge to effective treatment, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Wet cupping therapy is increasingly being used in clinics to manage neurodermatitis, so it is imperative to assess the evidence regarding its effectiveness and safety.

The Intelligence Structures of School-Age Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in China.

Purpose: There is no consensus on whether cognitive measures among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes exhibit more similarities or differences, and most of them have been conducted on English-speaking subjects, lacking cross-cultural perspectives. The present study was aimed at investigating the intelligence structures of school-age children with ADHD who speak Chinese, using a multicenter and large sample size approach, offering some references for clinicians.

Patients And Methods: 772 children aged 6 to 12 years with ADHD took part in the cross-sectional study.

Mitochondria-Targeting Virus-Like Gold Nanoparticles Enhance Chemophototherapeutic Efficacy Against Pancreatic Cancer in a Xenograft Mouse Model.

Background: The dense and fibrotic nature of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment significantly contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis. This challenging environment acts as a formidable barrier, hindering effective drug penetration and delivery, which ultimately limits the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as promising nanocarriers to overcome the extracellular matrix barrier; however, their limited targeting precision, poor delivery efficiency, and insufficient photothermal conversion present challenges.

Designing and implementing the IDEAL Study: A randomized clinical trial of genotype disclosure for late-onset Alzheimer's disease in an urban Latino population.

Introduction: The (IDEAL) Study is a randomized clinical trial investigating the psychosocial, behavioral, and cognitive impacts of apolipoprotein E () genotype disclosure for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) among Latinos.

Methods: We used address-based sampling to recruit English- and Spanish-speaking Latinos aged 40-64 living in northern Manhattan for a community-based Baseline Survey about their knowledge and opinions about AD. Participants eligible for the clinical trial were invited to complete an Introductory Session, including AD and genetics education and informed consent, before undergoing genotyping for .

Fatigue in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study.

Background: In recent years, there has been an observed increase in the global diagnosis rate of inflammatory bowel disease among children and adolescents. In inactive disease states, fatigue has emerged as the most debilitating symptom, while in active disease states, it ranks second. However, there remains a notable lack of understanding regarding fatigue in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Digital Platform for Pediatric Mental Health Support During Armed Conflicts: Development and Usability Study.

Background: The prevalence of mental health disorders among children and adolescents presents a significant public health challenge. Children exposed to armed conflicts are at a particularly high risk of developing mental health problems, necessitating prompt and robust intervention. The acute need for early intervention in these situations is well recognized, as timely support can mitigate long-term negative outcomes.

Cause-Specific Secular Trends and Prevention Measures of Post-Neonatally Acquired Cerebral Palsy in Victoria and Western Australia 1975-2014: A Population-Based Observational Study.

Aim: To describe the timing and causes of post-neonatally acquired cerebral palsy (PNN-CP) and map the implementation of relevant preventive strategies against cause-specific temporal trends in prevalence.

Methods: Data for a 1975-2014 birth cohort of children with PNN-CP (brain injury between 28 days and 2 years of age) were drawn from the Victorian and Western Australian CP Registers. Descriptive statistics were used to report causal events and timing.

Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in 2338 childhood cancer survivors: A Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor LATER 2 study.

Background: Because the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) might contribute to childhood cancer survivor's excess risk of cardiovascular disease, the authors assessed the prevalence and determinants of MetS in the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (DCCSS-LATER2) cohort.

Methods: In total, 2338 adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS) were cross-sectionally assessed for the prevalence of MetS, using the Lifelines cohort (N = 132,226 adults without a history of cancer) as references. The prevalence of MetS was clinically assessed using existing classifications, as well as an alternative method using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry fat% instead of waist circumference to define abdominal adiposity.

circASAP1 induces renal clear cell carcinoma ferroptosis by binding to HNRNPC and thereby regulating GPX4.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents the most prevalent subtype, accounting for nearly 80% of all RCC cases. Recent research has shown that high expression of circular non-coding RNA (circRNA) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC), however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Methods: After analysing self-sequenced renal cancer and paracancer circRNA sequencing data and comparing it with the GEO public database, we discovered that circASAP1 expression was significantly up-regulated in renal cancers.