[Application progress of ROX index in evaluating the efficacy of pediatric high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy].

Respiratory support is one of the key technologies for treating pediatric respiratory diseases. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) represents a novel method of assisted respiratory support. The commonly used indicator for assessing HFNC efficacy in clinical practice is oxygenation index (PaO/FiO).

Discussion of the classification of pediatric drug clinical trials in children's hospitals in China.

Objectives: This study aimed to gain insights into pediatric clinical trials conducted in children's hospitals in China and provide valuable references for the development of children's hospitals and the research and development of pediatric drugs.

Methods: A comprehensive search was performed on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Chi CTR) and ChinaDrugTrials.org.

Impaired glymphatic system revealed by DTI-ALPS in cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia: relation with brain lesion burden and hand dysfunction.

Purpose: Preterm children with cerebral palsy (CP) often have varying hand dysfunction, while the specific brain injury with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) cannot quite explain its mechanism. We aimed to investigate glymphatic activity using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) method and evaluate its association with brain lesion burden and hand dysfunction in children with CP secondary to PVL.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 18 children with bilateral spastic CP due to PVL and 29 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls.

Self-assembled miR-134-5p inhibitor nanoparticles ameliorate experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) via suppressing ferroptosis.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis. Herein, we designed a peptide-based nanoparticle to deliver therapeutic molecules to pulmonary, thereby ameliorating BPD. The BPD-induced damages of lung tissues were detected by H&E and immunohistochemistry staining.

Causes of death and treatment-related mortality in newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment with Chinese Children's Cancer Group study ALL-2015.

To investigate the possible risk factors for death at post-treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A multivariate competing risk analysis was performed to retrospectively analyze the data of children with ALL who died after treatment with CCCG-ALL-2015 in China and to determine the possible risk factors for death at post-treatment in children with ALL. Age at the first diagnosis of ≥10 years; final risk level of high-risk; D19 minimal residual disease (MRD) (≥0.

The presence of human respiratory syncytial virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis of unknown trigger.

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an important type of brain inflammation caused by autoantibody. As one of the primary agents responsible for respiratory tract infection, the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) has also been reported to be capable of causing extrapulmonary diseases. Here, we first describe a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis when hRSV was shown to be present in the cerebrospinal fluid.

An endogenous amniotic fluid-derived 10-amino acid peptide improves lung development and hyperoxia injury.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that occurs in preterm infants and lacks effective treatment. We aim to reveal the relationship between amniotic fluid (AF) peptides and lung development by analyzing the differences in the composition of AF peptides at different gestational periods, thus providing a new means of prevention and treatment for BPD.

Methods: Based on the stages of lung development, we collected AF by amniocentesis in two different gestational periods, using the 25th week of pregnancy as the cut-off.

Prognostic significance of steroid response in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The CCCG-ALL-2015 study.

Introduction: Whether steroid response is an independent risk factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between response to dexamethasone and prognosis in children with ALL.

Methods: We analyzed the data of 5,161 children with ALL who received treatment in accordance with the Chinese Children's Cancer Group ALL-2015 protocol between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, in China.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios in blood to distinguish children with asthma exacerbation from healthy subjects.

Objective: Airway inflammation is a prominent feature of asthma and may play an important role in disease pathophysiology. Despite the increasing incidence of asthma worldwide, reliable diagnostic biomarkers are lacking and widely lead to asthma misdiagnosis. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a biomarker of systemic inflammation, in addition to NLR-alanine aminotransferase ratio (NAR) and NLR-albumin ratio (NBR).

The role of vitamin A and zinc supplementation in pediatric pneumonia: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: There is still controversy regarding the role of zinc and vitamin A supplementation in pediatric pneumonia. Therefore, we designed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to incorporate the available evidence to determine the role of vitamin A and zinc in pediatric pneumonia.

Methods: From the inception to December 31, 2022, the Web of Science, EMBASE, Medicine, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched using the key phrases "pneumonia," "pediatric," "zinc," "vitamin A," and "cohort" for all relevant studies.

The localization and improvement of the Functional Status Scale and the reliability and validity in very low birth weight infants.

Objective: To develop a Chinese version of Functional Status Scale (FSS) and to test its reliability and validity in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs).

Methods: The FSS was translated into Chinese and the content was modified in accordance with relevant guidelines and specifications. The Chinese version of FSS was applied to evaluate VLBWIs admitted from January 2018 to June 2020 at 7th day after birth and 34 weeks of postmenstrual age, respectively.

Comprehensive analysis for cellular senescence-related immunogenic characteristics and immunotherapy prediction of acute myeloid leukemia.

In malignancies, cellular senescence is critical for carcinogenesis, development, and immunological regulation. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have not investigated a reliable cellular senescence-associated profile and its significance in outcomes and therapeutic response. Cellular senescence-related genes were acquired from the CellAge database, while AML data were obtained from the GEO and TCGA databases.

Clinical progression, pathological characteristics, and radiological findings in children with diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors: A systematic review.

Background: Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors are rare leptomeningeal neoplasms composed of oligodendrocyte-like cells characterized by neuronal differentiation and a lack of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene mutation.

Purpose: We aimed to analyze the clinical progression, pathological characteristics, and radiological findings of diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors in children, as well as the relevance of clinico-radiological data.

Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify case reports, original articles, and review articles discussing diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors published between 2000 and 2021.

Updated clinical and glycomic features of mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase deficiency: Two case reports.

Background: Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase (MOGS) deficiency is an extremely rare type of congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), with only 12 reported cases. Its clinical, genetic, and glycomic features are still expanding. Our aim is to update the novel clinical and glycosylation features of 2 previously reported patients with MOGS-CDG.

Identification of a prognostic model based on costimulatory molecule-related subtypes and characterization of tumor microenvironment infiltration in acute myeloid leukemia.

Costimulatory molecules have been found to play significant roles in anti-tumor immune responses, and are deemed to serve as promising targets for adjunctive cancer immunotherapies. However, the roles of costimulatory molecule-related genes (CMRGs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unclear. In this study, we described the CMRG alterations in the genetic and transcriptional fields in AML samples chosen from two datasets.

Human breast milk-derived exosomes through inhibiting AT II cell apoptosis to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rat lung.

Human breast milk (HBM) effectively prevents and cures neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Exosomes are abundant in breast milk, but the function of HBM-derived exosomes (HBM-Exo) in BPD is still unclear. This study was to investigate the role and mechanism of HBM-Exo in BPD.

[Analysis of B antigen weaken expression caused by nucleotide mutations in the promoter of ABO gene].

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of B antigen weaken expression in 4 cases of ABO blood group samples.

Methods: ABO blood group phenotypes were detected by micro-column gel method and saline test tube method. Exon 1-7 and promoter region of the ABO gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR products were directly sequenced.

Comparison of immune response to human rhinovirus C and respiratory syncytial virus in highly differentiated human airway epithelial cells.

Background: Human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) accounts for a large proportion of HRV-related illnesses, but the immune response to HRV-C infection has not been elucidated. Our objective was to assess the effect of HRV-C on cytokine secretion in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI) and compare it with that of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Methods: HBE cells were differentiated at ALI culture and the full-length cDNA clones of HRV-C651 and HRV-C15, clinical isolates of HRV-C79 and HRV-C101, and two RSV isolates were inoculated in the HBE cells.

Resilience Among Parents of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Associated With Fewer Parental Depressive Symptoms and Better Pediatric Glycemic Control.

Background: Although pediatric resilience plays a significant role in resisting negative moods and improving glycaemic control, little research exists regarding resilience among the parents of adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To investigate parental resilience's correlations with parental depressive symptoms, parental diabetes distress, and pediatric glycaemic control.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and their parents from two hospitals.

Global status of antimicrobial resistance among environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1/O139: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 were the predominant circulating serogroups exhibiting multi-drug resistance (MDR) during the cholera outbreak which led to cholera treatment failures.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the weighted pooled resistance (WPR) rates in V. cholerae O1/O139 isolates obtained from environmental samples.

[Staged urethroplasty by tubularization of reconstructed urethral plate using the preputial island flap for severe hypospadias].

Objective: To explore the application value of staged urethroplasty by tubularization of the reconstructed urethral plate using the preputial island flap in the treatment of severe hypospadias.

Methods: From May 2014 to February 2019, 91 children with severe hypospadias received one- or two-stage urethroplasty by tubularization of the reconstructed urethral plate with the preputial island flap. We compared the patients' age, glans diameter, length of the straightened urethral defect, and incidence rates of postoperative urethral fistula, urethral diverticulum, glans dehiscence and urethral stricture between the two groups of patients.

[Application of the lateral preputial fascial island flap in hypospadias reoperation].

Objective: To evaluate the application and effect of the lateral preputial fascial island flap (LPFIF) in hypospadias reoperation.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on the children patients undergoing hypospadias reoperation with LPFIF in our Department of Urology from December 2016 to June 2019.

Results: A total of 85 cases were included in this study, including 18 cases of LPFIF, 19 cases of Duplay technique, 25 cases of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIP) and 23 cases of Mathieu urethroplasty.