Isolated low-grade solid organ injuries in children following blunt abdominal trauma: Is it time to consider discharge from the emergency department?

Introduction: Acute intervention (AI) for solid organ injury (SOI) is rare in hemodynamically stable children. Pediatric guidelines recommend admission with follow-up laboratories, even for low-grade injuries.

Methods: Data sets from two large multicenter prospective observational studies were used to analyze a cohort of children (age, <17 years) with grade I to III SOI following blunt abdominal trauma.

An algorithmic approach to an impactful specific aims page.

The most vital part of a grant is the specific-aims section. As the leading section of the proposal, the specific-aims section serves as a 1-page synopsis that needs to gain the attention and interest of the reviewers. It must present a compelling case for the importance of the proposed work and provide a convincing rationale and evidence that you and your team are the best people to carry out the project.

Evaluation of Outcomes Before and After Implementation of a Standardized Postoperative Care Pathway in Pediatric Posterior Spinal Fusion Patients.

Background: Standardized pathways decrease variability and improve outcomes and safety.

Purpose: The article aims to evaluate outcomes of a standardized postoperative care pathway compared with individual surgeon preference.

Methods: A review of patients prestandardization and poststandardization was performed.

Transcriptomic and cellular decoding of regional brain vulnerability to neurogenetic disorders.

Neurodevelopmental disorders have a heritable component and are associated with region specific alterations in brain anatomy. However, it is unclear how genetic risks for neurodevelopmental disorders are translated into spatially patterned brain vulnerabilities. Here, we integrated cortical neuroimaging data from patients with neurodevelopmental disorders caused by genomic copy number variations (CNVs) and gene expression data from healthy subjects.

37/67-laminin receptor facilitates neural crest cell migration during enteric nervous system development.

Enteric nervous system (ENS) development is governed by interactions between neural crest cells (NCC) and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) results from incomplete NCC migration and failure to form an appropriate ENS. Prior studies implicate abnormal ECM in NCC migration failure.

RSV and non-RSV illness hospitalization in RSV immunoprophylaxis recipients: A systematic literature review.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis (IP) has been shown to reduce RSV hospitalization rates in high-risk infants; however, it is unclear whether RSV IP is associated with increased risk of non-RSV disease, particularly non-RSV hospitalizations. We conducted a systematic literature review to understand the occurrences of non-RSV disease and/or non-RSV hospitalizations in published studies of RSV IP. Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed databases were searched and reviewed to summarize data regarding the incidence of RSV and non-RSV respiratory disease among RSV IP recipients and controls in randomized and non-randomized studies.

Resection margin histology may predict intermediate-term outcomes in children with rectosigmoid Hirschsprung disease.

Introduction: Recent studies suggest that some of the post-surgical morbidity in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is due to enteric nervous system structural defects in the proximal, ganglionated bowel that remains after surgery. We hypothesized that resection margin histology would predict intermediate-term outcomes in HSCR patients.

Methods: Following IRB approval, HSCR patients with rectosigmoid disease born between 2009 and 2016 were reviewed and tissue blocks were obtained for new analyses.

Mindful Eating and Active Living: Development and Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Pediatric Weight Management Intervention.

Pediatric overweight and obesity are significant individual and public health issues that require an innovative approach. While evidence suggests that intensive family-based behavioral lifestyle modification can improve weight status, practical and logistical realities limit the ability of primary healthcare providers to intervene effectively. MEALs (Multidisciplinary Engagement and Learning/Mindful Eating and Active Living) is a family-based mindfulness intervention developed to address pediatric overweight and obesity, while improving healthy lifestyle behaviors through cooking classes.

Influenza A virus directly modulates mouse eosinophil responses.

Allergic asthma and influenza are common respiratory diseases with a high probability of co-occurrence. During the 2009 influenza pandemic, hospitalized patients with influenza experienced lower morbidity if asthma was an underlying condition. We have previously demonstrated that acute allergic asthma protects mice from severe influenza and have implicated eosinophils in the airways of mice with allergic asthma as participants in the antiviral response.

Psychopathology and Adolescent Bariatric Surgery: A Topical Review to Support Psychologists in Assessment and Treatment Considerations.

The rising rates of severe obesity among adolescents in the United States indicate a dire need for more intensive weight management strategies. While current evidence suggests that bariatric surgery is a safe and efficacious intervention for adolescents, the linkages with psychopathology before and after surgery are not well understood. Psychologists are an integral part of the interdisciplinary surgery team and play an important role in preparing youth for bariatric surgery as well as supporting adolescents post-surgery.

Pediatric trauma triage: A Pediatric Trauma Society Research Committee systematic review.

Background: Significant variability exists in the triage of injured children with most systems using mechanism of injury and/or physiologic criteria. It is not well established if existing triage criteria predict the need for intervention or impact morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated existing evidence for pediatric trauma triage.

Endorsement of Binge Eating Symptoms in a Sample of Predominantly Non-Hispanic Black Adolescents.

Binge eating disorder (BED) as well as individual subthreshold binge eating symptoms are related to deleterious physical and socioemotional outcomes among adolescents. The present study examined the prevalence of specific binge eating behaviors among a sample of primarily non-Hispanic Black outpatients presenting to weight management and endocrinology clinics. Analyses are based on 103 adolescents (69.

Publisher Correction: Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Renal Intercalated Cells Predicts Lipopolysaccharide Mediated Inhibition of Retinoid X Receptor alpha Function.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Acceptance-based skill acquisition and cognitive reappraisal in a culturally responsive treatment for binge eating in adolescence.

Emotional overeating, or eating in excess to soothe negative emotions, is a high-risk behavior for the future development of the binge-eating disorder (BED). The Emotional Overeating Intervention (EOI) is a culturally responsive, 10-week condensed dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills group intervention for adolescents endorsing emotional-overeating and binge-eating behaviors. The present study served as a secondary analysis of the intervention data, with the aim of using quantitative measures and qualitative interviews to examine intervention acceptability and DBT skill acquisition.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Axis Controls Renal Extracellular Vesicle Production and Protein Content.

The tuberous sclerosis complex (Tsc) proteins regulate the conserved mTORC1 growth regulation pathway. We identified that loss of the gene in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD) cells induced a greater than two-fold increase in extracellular vesicle (EV) production compared to the same cells having an intact axis. We optimized EV isolation using a well-established size exclusion chromatography method to produce high purity EVs.

Concordance Between Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Derived Localization of Language in a Clinical Cohort.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a newer noninvasive language mapping tool that is safe and well-tolerated by children. We examined the accuracy of TMS-derived language maps in a clinical cohort by comparing it against functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived language map. The number of TMS-induced speech disruptions and the volume of activation during functional MRI tasks were localized to Brodmann areas for each modality in 40 patients with epilepsy or brain tumor.

Respiratory Barrier as a Safeguard and Regulator of Defense Against Influenza A Virus and .

The primary function of the respiratory system of gas exchange renders it vulnerable to environmental pathogens that circulate in the air. Physical and cellular barriers of the respiratory tract mucosal surface utilize a variety of strategies to obstruct microbe entry. Physical barrier defenses including the surface fluid replete with antimicrobials, neutralizing immunoglobulins, mucus, and the epithelial cell layer with rapidly beating cilia form a near impenetrable wall that separates the external environment from the internal soft tissue of the host.

Effects of Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy on Early Childhood Growth Trajectories and Obesity Risk: The CANDLE Study.

We investigated the associations between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and early childhood growth trajectories and overweight/obesity risk in offspring. Maternal diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire during the second trimester, and dietary patterns were derived by reduced rank regression. The associations between maternal dietary pattern scores and body mass index (BMI) trajectories from birth to age four (rising-high, moderate, and low BMI trajectories) as well as overweight/obesity risk at age four were analyzed ( = 1257).

Convergence of Inflammatory Pathways in Allergic Asthma and Sickle Cell Disease.

The underlying pathologies of sickle cell disease and asthma share many characteristics in terms of respiratory inflammation. The principal mechanisms of pulmonary inflammation are largely distinct, but activation of common pathways downstream of the initial inflammatory triggers may lead to exacerbation of both disease states. The altered inflammatory landscape of these respiratory pathologies can differentially impact respiratory pathogen susceptibility in patients with sickle cell disease and asthma.

Regulation of intestinal lipid metabolism: current concepts and relevance to disease.

Lipids entering the gastrointestinal tract include dietary lipids (triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters and phospholipids) and endogenous lipids from bile (phospholipids and cholesterol) and from shed intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes). Here, we comprehensively review the digestion, uptake and intracellular re-synthesis of intestinal lipids as well as their packaging into pre-chylomicrons in the endoplasmic reticulum, their modification in the Golgi apparatus and the exocytosis of the chylomicrons into the lamina propria and subsequently to lymph. We also discuss other fates of intestinal lipids, including intestinal HDL and VLDL secretion, cytosolic lipid droplets and fatty acid oxidation.

Drug Resistance Assessment Following Administration of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Fusion Inhibitor Presatovir to Participants Experimentally Infected With RSV.

Background: Presatovir is an oral respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion inhibitor targeting RSV F protein. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy adults experimentally infected with RSV (Memphis-37b), presatovir significantly reduced viral load and clinical disease severity in a dose-dependent manner.

Methods: Viral RNA from nasal wash samples was amplified and the F gene sequenced to monitor presatovir resistance.