Prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis of soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities. National cancer institute experience.

Background And Objective: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremities is relatively rare. We aimed to evaluate the prognosis and the survival of patients with LNM and correlate them to the pattern of metastasis.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with STS of the extremities from 2015 to 2019.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia in children cancer hospital Egypt.

Background: Pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) accounts for 5 to 15% of all myelocytic leukemia. A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients diagnosed and treated with APL was conducted at CCHE from July 2012 to the end of December 2019, to report the prevalence, clinical characteristics, results, and risk factors associated with induction failure and early death.

Result: Sixty-two patients were reported, with an age greater than ten, an initial poor coagulation profile, and a total leukocyte count (TLC) greater than 30 10/mm influencing 5-year overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), as well as a high promyelocyte count affecting 5-year EFS.

Integration of measurable residual disease by WT1 gene expression and flow cytometry identifies pediatric patients with high risk of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Molecular testing plays a pivotal role in monitoring measurable residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aiding in the refinement of risk stratification and treatment guidance. Wilms tumor gene 1 () is frequently upregulated in pediatric AML and serves as a potential molecular marker for MRD. This study aimed to evaluate predictive value as an MRD marker and its impact on disease prognosis.

Plasma miRNA expression profile in pediatric pineal pure germinomas.

Background: Pure germinomas account for 40% of pineal tumors and are characterized by the lack of appreciable tumor markers, thus requiring a tumor biopsy for diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as potential non-invasive biomarkers for germ cell tumors and may facilitate the non-invasive diagnosis of pure pineal germinomas.

Material And Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients treated at the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt diagnosed with a pineal region tumor between June 2013 and March 2021 for whom a research blood sample was available.

The Value of Intraoperative Ultrasound in Brain Surgery.

Favorable clinical outcomes in adult and pediatric neurosurgical oncology generally depend on the extent of tumor resection (EOR). Maximum safe resection remains the main aim of surgery in most intracranial tumors. Despite the accuracy of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) in the detection of residual intraoperatively, it is not widely implemented worldwide owing to enormous cost and technical difficulties.

The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in neonates in Germany in 2019; a nationwide epidemiological cohort study.

Unlabelled: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness in preterm infants. The incidence of ROP varies widely across countries, with rates as high as 30% in some regions. This study investigated the incidence, risk factors, treatment, and mortality of ROP patients in Germany.

PRIMA-1 synergizes olaparib-induced cell death in p53 mutant triple negative human breast cancer cell line via restoring p53 function, arresting cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis.

This study concerned with assessing the effect of restoring p53 using PRIMA-1 on the anti-cancer activity of olaparib against TP53-mutant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and exploring the optimum synergistic concentrations and the underlying mechanism. Human BC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 with mutated TP53 gene, and MCF-7 with wild-type TP53 gene were treated with olaparib and/or PRIMA-1. The IC value for olaparib was significantly decreased by PRIMA-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MCF-7 cells.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a self-reporting tool to assess health-related quality of life for Egyptians with extremity bone sarcomas in childhood or adolescence.

Background: Validated self-reporting tools are required to evaluate the functional outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for those who had extremity bone sarcomas in their childhood or adolescence. Our study pursued cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the pediatric Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (pTESS) and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) to assess the functional outcome for Egyptian children and adult survivors following surgeries of extremity bone sarcomas. In the modified versions of pTESS and TESS, mental domains were added to allow the evaluation of HRQOL using a specific instrument for childhood bone cancer.

The diagnosis and management of abusive head injuries in infancy in Egypt.

Child death owed to abuse and negligence is not uncommon, and its real incidence is unknown. The most common cause of fatal child abuse is head trauma. Abusive head injuries (AHI) most often involve brain injury of infants and young children.

Surgical indications in pediatric arachnoid cysts.

Introduction: Arachnoid cysts are developmental lesions consisting of CSF collections within the subarachnoid space. There are many theories and hypotheses about their pathogenesis and histopathology and this may also explain the diversities seen in clinical behaviors of these cysts, their natural history and consequently their management where there is a great controversy about selecting patients for surgical intervention. The most common location in pediatrics is the Sylvian or middle cranial fossa and this made it gain more concern and greater debate about its management where its diagnosis is often accidently or associated with nonspecific symptoms.

Attitudes toward Receiving COVID-19 Booster Dose in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: A Cross-Sectional Study of 3041 Fully Vaccinated Participants.

COVID-19 vaccines are crucial to control the pandemic and avoid COVID-19 severe infections. The rapid evolution of COVID-19 variants such as B.1.

Characteristics, Treatment Complexity, and Outcome of Mixed-Phenotype Acute Leukemia in Children in a Low-Middle-Income Country.

Background: Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) in children is an uncommon subtype of acute leukemia that cannot be definitively assigned to a specific lineage. There is no consensus on the best approach to therapy. Management is more complex in low-middle-income countries (LMICs).

St. Jude Total Therapy studies from I to XVII for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a brief review.

The therapy design of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has evolved over the past 60 years. The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital has developed 17 treatment protocols from 1962 to 2017, aiming to have the most effective and least toxic treatment form.

NuCLS: A scalable crowdsourcing approach and dataset for nucleus classification and segmentation in breast cancer.

Background: Deep learning enables accurate high-resolution mapping of cells and tissue structures that can serve as the foundation of interpretable machine-learning models for computational pathology. However, generating adequate labels for these structures is a critical barrier, given the time and effort required from pathologists.

Results: This article describes a novel collaborative framework for engaging crowds of medical students and pathologists to produce quality labels for cell nuclei.

Palliative and end-of-life symptoms management for children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

This study aimed to investigate diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma-specific symptoms in the last 12 weeks before death and to describe current palliative care. A retrospective study included 80 pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma patients diagnosed between January 2018 and December 2019. The most frequently encountered symptoms were headache, gait disturbance, vomiting, dysphagia, sensory loss, seizures and constipation.

Global Neuroblastoma Network: An international multidisciplinary neuroblastoma tumor board for resource-limited countries.

Background: Tumor boards are part of standard care of patients with complex cancers, but appropriate multidisciplinary expertise and infrastructure are often not available in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) for pediatric cancers, such as neuroblastoma. Our goal was to review results of a Global Neuroblastoma Network (GNN) tumor board accessible to LMIC.

Methods: De-identified clinical cases presented via internet conference during a weekly GNN virtual tumor board from 2010 through 2020 were evaluated in a standardized format, including diagnostic imaging, pathology, therapy information, resource limitations, and questions for discussion.

gene overexpression in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by blocked or aberrant differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. The gene overexpression in hematopoietic progenitors induces myeloid differentiation block, resulting in increased self-renewal and survival of these transformed progenitors. However, its exact role in AML remains unclear.

Management and outcome of pediatric brainstem and cerebellar peduncular low-grade gliomas: a retrospective analysis of 62 cases.

Purpose: This study was designed to present our experience and recommendations regarding the management of pediatric brainstem and peduncular low-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed for pathologically proven brainstem or cerebellar peduncular LGGs in patients admitted between 2014 and 2019. These lesions were classified into the dorsal exophytic, focal brainstem, cervicomedullary, lower peduncular, and upper peduncular groups, and this classification was the basis for the surgical approach for the lesions.

Management and Outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Single Centre Experience from a Developing Country.

Introduction: Sufficient data pertaining to the impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pediatric cancer patients is still lacking. The aim of this prospective study was to describe clinical management and outcomes of COVID-19 in pediatric oncology patients.

Patients And Methods: Conducted between May 1, 2020 and November 30, 2020, this study included 76 pediatric oncology patients with confirmed COVID-19.

The STAR/HOP system: a newly proposed abbreviated descriptive clinical coding system for craniopharyngiomas.

Craniopharyngiomas are complex and challenging tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) which require multidisciplinary and tailored management plans. An extensive variety of clinical presentations, treatment options, and patient outcomes exists. It is crucial to accurately and effectively distinguish the clinical status and the patient's specific roadmap to ensure proper disease status identification, patient-tailored care, follow-up, doctor-doctor and doctor-patient communication, and research.

Surgical outcome of children with medulloblastoma: a retrospective study of a 405-patient series from Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357).

Purpose: To analyze the impact of increasing the extent of resection (EOR) on the survival rates and on the surgical outcome of children with medulloblastoma.

Methods: A series of consecutive 405 children operated for medulloblastoma between July 2007 and April 2018 was identified. The details of pre-operative data, surgical interventions, post-operative complications, and survival rates were analyzed.

Benefits of endoscope-assisted microsurgery in the management of pediatric brain tumors.

Objective: Microsurgical and endoscopic techniques are vastly utilized in brain tumor surgery. Combining both techniques in the same procedure has different forms and applications. The aim of this work was to discuss the usefulness and describe the technical benefits of endoscope-assisted microsurgery (EAMS) in treating pediatric brain tumors in various anatomical locations.