Comparison of scenarios in the trajectory of body mass index among adolescents monitored in primary health care: the VigiNUTRI Brazil study.

We compared the BMI-for-age (BMI/A) trajectory of Brazilian adolescents monitored in the primary health care (PHC) setting based on a simulated scenario. We used a real-life cohort of adolescents monitored by the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sisvan) between 2008 and 2018. The LMS method was employed to estimate the simulated BMI/A evolution curve, assuming that the adolescents maintained the conditions observed during their first assessment (simulation curve).

KAT2B inhibits proliferation and invasion via inactivating TGF-β/Smad3 pathway-medicated autophagy and EMT in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B) plays a crucial role in epigenetic regulation and tumor pathogenesis. Our study investigates KAT2B's function in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) using in vivo and in vitro methods. Immunohistochemistry showed the KAT2B expression in EOC tissues.

A compendium of Amplification-Related Gain Of Sensitivity genes in human cancer.

While the effect of amplification-induced oncogene expression in cancer is known, the impact of copy-number gains on "bystander" genes is less understood. We create a comprehensive map of dosage compensation in cancer by integrating expression and copy number profiles from over 8000 tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Additionally, we analyze 17 cancer open reading frame screens to identify genes toxic to cancer cells when overexpressed.

Codeveloping a community-based, peer-led psychosocial support intervention to reduce stigma and depression among people with tuberculosis and their households in Indonesia: a mixed-methods participatory action study.

Evidence relating to peer support and community-based psychological and social (psychosocial) interventions to reduce stigma and depression among people with tuberculosis (TB) and their households is limited. This study aimed to engage with multisectoral stakeholders in Indonesia to co-develop a peer-led, community-based psychosocial intervention that is replicable, acceptable, and sustainable. We used a participatory action design and engaged key national, multisectoral stakeholders to ensure that the intervention co-design was relevant and appropriate to the TB health system and the sociocultural context of Indonesia.

Non-linear development in statistical learning of visual orthographic regularities.

Statistical learning is a core ability for individuals in extracting and integrating regularities and patterns from linguistic input. Yet, the developmental trajectory of visual statistical learning has not been fully examined in the orthographic learning domain. Employing an artificial orthographic learning task, we manipulated three levels of positional consistency of radicals, i.

Long-term surgical outcomes of esotropic duane retraction syndrome type 1.

Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is complicated to treat due to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations and the treatment of choice varies among surgeons. To provide insight into this challenging condition, we evaluated the long-term surgical outcomes of esotropic DRS type 1. The surgical motor success, defined as a horizontal deviation of 8 prism diopters (PD) or less, was found in 77.

PCMMD: A Novel Dataset of Plasma Cells to Support the Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a cytogenetically heterogeneous clonal plasma cell proliferative disease whose diagnosis is supported by analyses on histological slides of bone marrow aspirate. In summary, experts use a labor-intensive methodology to compute the ratio between plasma cells and non-plasma cells. Therefore, the key aspect of the methodology is identifying these cells, which relies on the experts' attention and experience.

The transcriptional response of cortical neurons to concussion reveals divergent fates after injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for neurodegeneration, however little is known about how this kind of injury alters neuron subtypes. In this study, we follow neuronal populations over time after a single mild TBI (mTBI) to assess long ranging consequences of injury at the level of single, transcriptionally defined neuronal classes. We find that the stress-responsive Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) defines a population of cortical neurons after mTBI.

Splicing accuracy varies across human introns, tissues, age and disease.

Alternative splicing impacts most multi-exonic human genes. Inaccuracies during this process may have an important role in ageing and disease. Here, we investigate splicing accuracy using RNA-sequencing data from >14k control samples and 40 human body sites, focusing on split reads partially mapping to known transcripts in annotation.

Double-Barreled Vascularized Fibula Free Flap in Pediatric Tibial Bone Defect Reconstruction: A 20-Year Monocentric Experience.

Introduction: Reconstructing large bone defects for lower limb salvage in the pediatric population remains challenging due to complex oncological or septic issues, limited surgical options, and lengthy procedures prone to complications. The vascularized double-barreled fibula free flap is pivotal for reconstructing large bones. In this article, we report our experience with this technique in the surgical management of pediatric tibial bone defects.

Evidence-Based Surgical Guidelines for Treating Children With Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children. However, there is considerable variation in surgical management practices worldwide, highlighting the need for standardized Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG).

Methods: The CPG development involved assembling a multidisciplinary group, prioritizing 10 key topic areas, conducting evidence searches, and synthesizing findings.

Potential toxic elements in breakfast cereals in the Kurdistan region, Iraq.

Potential toxic elements are substances that can accumulate in foodstuffs and pose risks to human health even at low levels, or when their levels exceed safety thresholds. A total of 78 breakfast cereals were purchased from the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Their PTE levels were analysed and associated health risks were calculated.

Not Like They Used To: The Decline of Procedural Competency in Medical Training.

As a primary care pediatrician trained before work hour restrictions were enacted, I spent hours mastering procedures that trainees today rarely perform. The changing landscape of health care clinician roles, technology, and work hour restrictions have all contributed to a remarkable decline in trainees' procedural competence which has significant negative effects for patients, health care systems, and physicians themselves. I suggest simulation, live training, mentoring, and scheduled opportunities as ways to reemphasize the importance of learning these technical skills.

Breaking ICD Codes: Identifying Ambiguous Respiratory Infection Codes via Regional Diagnosis Heterogeneity.

Purpose: We aimed to analyze regional variations in the assignment of (ICD-10) codes to acute respiratory infections, seeking to identify notable anomalies that suggest diverse diagnoses of the same condition.

Methods: We analyzed national weekly diagnosis data for acute respiratory infections (ICD-10 codes J00-J22) in Poland from 2010 to 2019, covering all 380 county-equivalent administrative regions and encompassing 292 million consultations. Data were aggregated into age brackets.

Characterizing olfactory brain responses in young infants.

Odor perception plays a critical role in early human development, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood. To investigate these, we presented appetitive and aversive odors to infants of both sexes at one month of age while recording functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and nasal airflow data. Infants slept during odor presentation to allow MRI scanning.

Cerebral injury and long-term neurodevelopment impairment in children following severe fetomaternal transfusion: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Fetomaternal transfusion (FMT) is associated with increased perinatal mortality and morbidity, but data on postnatal outcomes are scarce. Our aim was to determine the incidence of adverse short-termand long-term sequelae of severe FMT.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Causes and determinants of infant mortality using verbal autopsy and social autopsy methods in a rural population of Odisha: a community-based matched case-control study.

Background: The avoidable causes of infant mortality should be identified, and interventions should be made to improve the infant mortality rate. The cause of infant deaths should be assessed in both medical and social contexts.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the medical causes of infant mortality by verbal autopsy and its determinants in two rural blocks of the Khordha district of Odisha and assess the pathway of care and delay in seeking care for the illness preceding infant death using the three-delay model.

The influence of exposure to early-life adversity on agency-modulated reinforcement learning.

Agency beliefs influence how humans learn from different contexts and outcomes. Research demonstrates that stressors, such as exposure to early-life adversity (ELA), are associated with both agency beliefs and learning, but how these processes interact remains unclear. The current study investigated whether exposure to ELA influences agency and interacts with reinforcement learning in adults.

Strengthening advanced therapy for sickle cell disease in Africa: experience from sickle cell disease centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Despite progress in healthcare services for individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Africa, substantial gaps remain in advanced treatments for SCD. To help address this burden, Tanzania has established one of the largest single-centre SCD programmes in the world and developed an advanced therapy programme for SCD focused on patient engagement and advocacy, clinical activities involving exchange blood transfusion (ExBT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), gene therapy (GT) preparedness, and enabling partnerships. This report describes the programme's genesis, structure and progress achieved.

Unique presentation of cavernous sinus thrombosis in a paediatric patient.

A paediatric patient presented with periorbital oedema and fever. Initially, there was low suspicion for cavernous sinus thrombosis and orbital cellulitis due to the presence of full extraocular movements. However, given worsening bilateral periorbital oedema, lethargy and sepsis, neuroimaging was performed demonstrating inflammation and enhancement of the leptomeninges and left cavernous sinus, and raising concern for cavernous sinus thrombosis in the setting of orbital cellulitis.

Post-infectious acute cerebellar ataxia in a young adult.

Acute cerebellar ataxia is a clinical syndrome that involves loss of balance and coordination, typically within less than 72 hours. It usually presents in children and rarely affect adults. A woman in her early 20s presented with acute onset dizziness, vertigo, truncal ataxia and dysarthria 2 weeks following an acute viral illness.

Adnexal torsion in middle childhood: a rare cause of abdominal pain.

Adnexal torsion is a rare cause of abdominal pain in middle childhood and, in general, the diagnosis is often delayed due to the lack of specificity of symptoms and imaging tests. We describe the case of a girl in middle childhood who came to the emergency department for pain in the right iliac fossa of approximately 15 hours of evolution associated with partial refusal of food intake and vomiting. The initial examination showed normal vital signs, a soft abdomen, pain on palpation in the lower region, but no signs of peritoneal irritation, a mild leucocytosis with no other signs of infection and the initial abdominal ultrasound showed no objective pathology.

Men's Experience of Abuse During Child- and Adulthood and Identification of Self as Perpetrator: A Cross-Sectional Study in Psychiatric Care.

The aim of this study was to describe the extent to which men in psychiatric care have experienced emotional, physical, and sexual abuse during the life course and the association between this experience and being a perpetrator oneself. The aim was also to identify who exposed them to abuse and whether there was an association between the category of abuser and being a perpetrator oneself. A cross-sectional study was performed using the self-administered NorVold Abuse Questionnaire for men.