Multilayer network instability underlying persistent auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia.

Background: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia (SCZ) are linked to brain network abnormalities. Resting-state fMRI studies often assume stable networks during scans, yet dynamic changes related to AVHs are not well understood.

Methods: We analyzed resting-state fMRI data from 60 SCZ patients with persistent AVHs (p-AVHs), 39 SCZ patients without AVHs (n-AVHs), and 59 healthy controls (HCs), matched for demographics.

Longitudinal analysis of the bidirectional relationship between screen time and sleep: Exploring the role of physical activity.

Background: Excessive screen time and poor sleep duration have significant implications for children's health and well-being. Understanding the dynamic relationship between screen time and sleep duration, as well as the impact of physical activity in this relationship, is essential for promoting healthy behaviours. The aims of this study were to: 1) investigate the bidirectional relationship between screen time and sleep duration in children, and 2) explore the mediating role of physical activity in these associations.

A gender breakdown of unexpected benefits generated by work from home in STEM fields - A qualitative analysis of the WiMPBME Task Group survey.

Background: Working from home during the Covid-19 pandemic was perceived differently by men and women working in STEM fields. The aim of this paper is to highlight the unexpected benefits generated by working from home during the pandemic.

Methods: Qualitative methodology was used to analyze data, collected via survey.

Generation and heterozygous repair of human iPSC lines from two individuals with the neurodevelopmental disorder, TRAPPC4 deficiency.

A rare neurodevelopmental disorder has been linked to a well-conserved splice site variant in the TRAPPC4 gene (c.454 + 3A > G), which causes mis-splicing of TRAPPC4 transcripts and reduced levels of TRAPPC4 protein. Patients present with severe progressive neurological symptoms including seizures, microcephaly, intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism.

Impact of water, sanitation, and hygiene indicators on enteric viral pathogens among under-5 children in low resource settings.

Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are the primary risks of exposure to enteric viral infection. Our study aimed to describe the role of WASH conditions and practices as risk factors for enteric viral infections in children under 5. Literature on the risk factors associated with all-cause diarrhea masks the taxa-specific drivers of diarrhea from specific pathogens, limiting the application of relevant control strategies.

Structural brain basis of latent factors of executive functions in childhood.

Executive functions can be classified into processes of inhibition, working memory and shifting, which together support flexible and goal-directed behaviour and are crucial for both current and later-life outcomes. A large body of literature has identified distinct brain regions critical to performing each of these functions. These findings are however predicated on a piecemeal and single-task approach.

The utility of multiple assessments in infancy and toddlerhood to predict middle childhood ADHD symptoms: Temperamental, behavioral, and genetic contributions.

Background: Early intervention is effective for reducing ADHD symptoms and related impairments, yet methods of identifying young children in need of services are lacking. Most early predictors of ADHD previously identified are of limited clinical utility. This study examines several theoretically relevant predictors of ADHD in infancy and toddlerhood and whether assessment at multiple time points improves prediction.

Does using multiple strategies enhance preschoolers' persistence in a challenging task?

Persistence, characterized by continued efforts in the face of difficulties, is crucial for children's success. Many researchers have aimed to identify the factors that improve persistence. Previous research has found that children who use more strategies to solve a challenging task tend to exhibit greater persistence, suggesting that providing instructions for multiple strategies may enhance their persistence.

Sound-symbol learning and the relationship to spelling in first-grade children.

Early spelling depends on the ability to understand the alphabetic principle and to translate speech sounds into visual symbols (letters). Thus, the ability to associate sound-symbol pairs might be an important predictor of spelling development. Here, we examined the relation between sound-symbol learning (SSL) and early spelling skills.

Visual analysis of the research frontiers, hotspots and development trends of immunization programs for women and children.

The objective of this study is to gain insight into the current research frontiers, hotspots, and development trends in the field of immunization programs for women and children, and to provide scientific guidance and reference for follow-up research. Based on all the original research papers related to the research on immunization programs for women and children in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, bibliometric studies and visual analysis were carried out to explore the research frontiers, hotspots and development trends, and to analyze the risk factors affecting the vaccination coverage of immunization programs for women and children. Eight hundred forty-three papers obtained from 1,552 institutions in 96 countries/regions from January 1950 to August 2024, coauthored by 4,343 authors.

Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Support of Vasodilatory Shock in Children Due to Toxicological Ingestions.

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) may provide temporary hemodynamic support for patients with severe vasodilatory shock due to toxicologic ingestion. In a series of 10 cases of children less than 18 years of age who received VA ECMO support for toxicologic-induced vasodilatory shock, there were eight survivors and two nonsurvivors who died of significant neurologic injury. Upon initiation of ECMO support, survivors had decline in Vasoactive-Inotrope Scores (VIS).

A New Way Forward for Women's Health Research at the National Institutes of Health: A Roadmap From the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Consensus Report.

Despite efforts to address inequities, research on women's health conditions (defined as those that uniquely or differently affect women and female individuals) remain significantly understudied. As directed by Congress, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Research on Women's Health requested the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies) to conduct an assessment of the state of women's health research at the NIH. The findings of the National Academies committee include: 1) a significant funding inequity, with less than 8% of the total NIH grant budget for fiscal year 2023 allocated to women's health research; 2) a need for improved strategic NIH-wide priority setting, oversight, and adherence to existing policies to support women's health research; 3) a need for a specific institute for research on conditions specific to women's health; and 4) a need for sufficient training and additional funding to grow and retain the women's health research workforce.

Leveraging Administrative Health Databases to Address Health Challenges in Farming Populations: Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis (1975-2024).

Background: Although agricultural health has gained importance, to date, much of the existing research relies on traditional epidemiological approaches that often face limitations related to sample size, geographic scope, temporal coverage, and the range of health events examined. To address these challenges, a complementary approach involves leveraging and reusing data beyond its original purpose. Administrative health databases (AHDs) are increasingly reused in population-based research and digital public health, especially for populations such as farmers, who face distinct environmental risks.

Foveal Avascular Zone development by OCTA: weighing the influence of Gestational Age and neonatal early growth independently of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: Focusing the premature birth and its potential complications, this study analyzes Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) and its correlation with the severity of prematurity and neonatal growth.

Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was performed, involving 71 children school-age with history of prematurity and a full-term children control group. Several variables from the neonatal period were collected, such as Gestational Age (GA), Birth Weight (BW), initial Weight Gain (WG) and Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP).

Changes in Emergency Department Practices After Implementation of a Standardized Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Guideline.

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the effect of an emergency department (ED) standardized clinical guideline for adolescent heavy menstrual bleeding on the rate of return ED visits and ED provider history-taking and management of this condition.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients less than 18 years old presenting to a single academic children's hospital ED between 2010 and 2020 with a chief complaint of heavy menstrual bleeding were included.

Endocrinologic Dysfunctions and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Pediatric Patients With a History of Central Nervous System Infection (ENDLESS): A Prospective Monocentric Study.

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) infections represent some of the most critical pediatric health challenges, characterized by high mortality rates and a notable risk of long-term complications. Despite their significance, standardized guidelines for endocrinological follow-up of CNS infection survivors are lacking, leading to reliance on the expertise of individual centers and clinicians.

Materials And Methods: Prospective monocentric observational study conducted at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli in Rome, Italy.

Investigation of the Content Offered to the Public Regarding Noise Pollution in Online News.

Background/objectives: Noise remains an under-discussed type of environmental pollutant, which exerts a wide range of adverse health effects, both auditory and non-auditory. Ensuring that the public has ready access to useful health information online about noise exposure is important. In this regard, evaluating the content of public news articles regarding noise pollution is vital.

Role of Nursing in Managing Noise-Related Hearing Loss in Children: A Retrospective Study of Earmuffs as a Protective Intervention.

Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in children is a growing public health concern due to increased exposure to high noise levels in various environments. Early intervention is crucial to prevent long-term developmental and social impacts. This study evaluates the effectiveness of earmuffs as a protective intervention in managing NIHL in children.

Evaluation of Noise in Paediatric Dentistry and Change in Perception of Operators with Use of Ear Protection Devices.

Background: Noise sources in paediatric dental offices include machinery and children's cries and screams. Although the presence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) among dental operators is established, preventive measures such as ear protection devices (EPDs) are not frequently employed as prophylactic intervention. The primary aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the noise levels in paediatric dental clinics and to qualitatively evaluate the operators' perception of noise with and without the use of EPDs.

Impact of Noise on Medical Anxiety in Hospitalized Children with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Noise levels may have an impact on the level of fear and anxiety in hospitalized children, which, in turn, may affect the effectiveness of treatment. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the impact of noise levels on medical anxiety in hospitalized children with pneumonia.

Methods: Children hospitalized for pneumonia in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were consecutively enrolled in this study.

Developing Competencies and Milestones: Putting the Pieces Together for Student Success.

Competency-based medical education has become a means in physician assistant (PA) education to ensure learner readiness for practice; align educational expectations; and assess knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Competency-based education may also serve to meet accreditation requirements. Creating program-defined competencies and associated milestones can help a PA program align with their mission and vision, developmentally guide learners through the curriculum, and ensure program assessments measure the tasks required of practice-ready graduates.

Effectiveness of Using Checklist in Preventing Facial, Nasal and Head Pressure Injuries in Preterm Infants in Nasal Noninvasive Mechanic Ventilation: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), when in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, or patient-triggered ventilation modes, is known to be a cause of facial, nasal, head, and skin pressure injuries in preterm infants.

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of using a checklist with preterm infants under nasal NIMV in preventing facial, nasal, and head pressure injuries.

Method: The study was conducted quasi-experimentally on preterm infants under NIMV.

Evaluation of the effects of different mydriatic drops used on choroidal vascularity in healthy children.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of mydriatics drops used primarily in routine eye examinations on the choroid tissue, which has a dense vascular network in the eye.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 90 eyes of 90 healthy children. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were obtained for all children before dilation.