Sensitivity and Specificity of a Signaling Question for Surveillance of Cognitive Functioning in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) confers neurological risks that contribute to cognitive and academic difficulties. Clinical guidelines state that cognition should be monitored using signaling questions. However, evidence is lacking regarding the extent to which signaling questions accurately identify children with cognitive issues.

L-Arginine and L-Citrulline for Prevention and Treatment of Pre-Eclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Evidence suggests L-arginine may be effective at reducing pre-eclampsia and related outcomes. However, whether L-arginine can prevent or only treat pre-eclampsia, and thus the target population and timing of initiation, remains unknown.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of L-arginine and L-citrulline (precursor of L-arginine) on the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric Systemic Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.

Background/objectives: Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) present unique challenges due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of children diagnosed with systemic ALCL.

Methods: Retrospective data from 14 pediatric patients diagnosed with systemic ALCL at Valme University Hospital were studied.

Risk Factors in Addition to Short and Long-Term Outcomes With Thin Catheter Surfactant Administration Failure in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of thin catheter surfactant administration (TCA) failure and compare short and long-term neonatal outcomes who failed TCA or did not.

Design: Single-center retrospective cohort study. Infants between 25 and 30 weeks of gestational age with respiratory distress syndrome and receiving 200 mg/kg poractant alfa via thin catheter administration were included.

Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Fusarium spp. Clinical Isolates.

Background: Accurate identification of Fusarium species requires molecular identification. Treating fusariosis is challenging due to widespread antifungal resistance, high rates of treatment failure, and insufficient information relating antifungal susceptibility to the clinical outcome. Despite recent outbreaks in Mexico, there is limited information on epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility testing (AST).

Temporal Trends in Respiratory Infection Epidemics Among Pediatric Inpatients Throughout the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic From 2018 to 2023 in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

Background: Nonpharmaceutical interventions for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, during the pandemic altered the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. This study aimed to determine the changes in respiratory viruses among children hospitalized from 2018 to 2023.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from children aged under 15 years with fever and/or respiratory symptoms admitted to a medical institution in Fukushima Prefecture between January 2018 and December 2023.

Acceptance of online therapy for children and adolescents with digital media use disorders: perspectives from child and adolescent psychiatrists and psychotherapists in Germany.

Online therapies have the potential to improve access to psychological services for individuals in need while alleviating the burden on healthcare systems. However, child and adolescent psychiatrists and psychotherapists (CAPPs) rarely integrate these services into their daily practice. This exploratory study investigates CAPPs' acceptance of online therapy, with a focus on treating children and adolescents with digital media use disorders (DMUD).

The Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Psychotic Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is known to be common in psychotic disorders, reported prevalence rates vary widely, with limited understanding of how different factors (eg, assessment methods, geographical region) may be associated with this variation. The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of ADHD in psychotic disorders and factors associated with the variability in reported rates.

Study Design: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus in May 2023.

Fertility, pregnancy outcomes, and disease activity during pregnancy in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a descriptive study.

To investigate the fertility status, pregnancy outcomes, and disease activity during and after pregnancy in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) currently being followed up at an adult rheumatology clinic. This study included 141 adult patients diagnosed with according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria, who are now monitored at an adult rheumatology clinic. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, medication history, fertility status, and pregnancy outcomes were collected through medical records and patient interviews.

Life stage impact on the human skin ecosystem: lipids and the microbial community.

Sebaceous free fatty acids are metabolized by multiple skin microbes into bioactive lipid mediators termed oxylipins. This study investigated correlations between skin oxylipins and microbes on the superficial skin of pre-pubescent children (N = 36) and adults (N = 100), including pre- (N = 25) and post-menopausal females (N = 25). Lipidomics and metagenomics revealed that Malassezia restricta positively correlated with the oxylipin 9,10-DiHOME on adult skin and negatively correlated with its precursor, 9,10-EpOME, on pre-pubescent skin.

One is not like the other: health quality of life scores vary in neuromuscular EOS by diagnosis.

Purpose: The etiology of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) has been shown to significantly influence baseline parent-reported health-related quality of life (HrQOL). In combining these etiology groups, we obligatorily lump together many disparate diagnoses, particularly true in the neuromuscular (NM) cohort. We sought to evaluate the influence of underlying neuromuscular diagnosis on the HrQOL at 5 years following surgery for EOS.

Resurgence of common respiratory viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae after ending the zero-COVID policy in Shanghai.

China has adhered to policies of zero-COVID for almost three years since the outbreak of COVID-19, which has remarkably affected the circulation of respiratory pathogens. However, China has begun to end the zero-COVID policies in late 2022. Here, we reported a resurgence of common respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae with unique epidemiological characteristics among children after ending the zero-COVID policy in Shanghai, China, 2023.

Impact of age-related changes in buccal epithelial cells on pediatric epigenetic biomarker research.

Cheek swabs, heterogeneous samples consisting primarily of buccal epithelial cells, are widely used in pediatric DNA methylation studies and biomarker creation. However, the decrease in buccal proportion with age in adults remains unexamined in childhood. We analyzed cheek swabs from 4626 typically developing children 2-months to 20-years-old.

Effects of high-intensity training on jumping performance among athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

This review aims to conduct a meta-analysis of the impact of high-intensity training (HIT) on athlete jumping performance. As of May 2024, we conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and EBSCOhost databases in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Use the PEDro scale to evaluate the methodological quality of the included study.

Surgical techniques and prognostic nomogram for patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis.

Background: An effective prognostic nomogram to predict the prognosis for supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) patients is lacking.

Methods: A multi-center retrospective study of consecutive SVAS patients with surgery between 2002 and 2020 was conducted. Patients underwent McGoon repairs, Doty repairs, and other repairs.

Seroprevalence, incidence estimates, and environmental risk factors for dengue, chikungunya, and Zika infection amongst children living in informal urban settlements in Indonesia and Fiji.

Background: The burden of Aedes aegypti-transmitted viruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are increasing globally, fueled by urbanization and climate change, with some of the highest current rates of transmission in Asia. Local factors in the built environment have the potential to exacerbate or mitigate transmission.

Methods: In 24 informal urban settlements in Makassar, Indonesia and Suva, Fiji, we tested children under 5 years old for evidence of prior infection with dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses by IgG serology.

NVP-2, in combination with Orlistat, represents a promising therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia.

Cell cycle dysregulation and the corresponding metabolic reprogramming play significant roles in tumor development and progression. CDK9, a kinase that regulates gene transcription and cell cycle, also induces oncogene transcription and abnormal cell cycle in AML cells. The function of CDK9 for gene regulation in AML cells requires further exploration.

Identification of positive childhood experiences with the potential to mitigate childhood unhealthy weight status in children within the context of adverse childhood experiences: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Despite potential protective and mitigating effects of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) on poor health outcomes, limited research has identified relevant PCEs and examined their individual and cumulative associations with weight status, or their mitigating effects on the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and obesity in children. This study aims to develop an exploratory PCEs Index with the potential to protect against or mitigate the association between ACEs and unhealthy weight status.

Methods: Data came from the Growing Up in New Zealand study.

Ethnic and racial discrimination in maternal health care in Mexico: a neglected challenge in the search for universal health coverage.

Background: Ethnic and racial discrimination in maternal health care has been overlooked in academic literature and yet it is critical for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). There is a lack of empirical evidence on its impact on the effective coverage of maternal health interventions (ECMH) for Indigenous women in Mexico. Documenting progress in reducing maternal health inequities, particularly given the disproportionate impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on ethnic minorities, is essential to improving equity in health systems.

Effect of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor on liver transient elastography, fibrosis indices and blood tests in children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) has significantly improved the clinical course of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and eligible CFTR variants. In this study, we prospectively evaluated liver elastography, liver fibrosis indices and liver tests in children with CF aged 6-12 years started on ETI therapy.

Methods: Body mass index, sweat test, percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, serum markers of liver injury or portal hypertension, liver fibrosis indices, controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness were assessed before starting ETI and three and twelve months post-ETI, according to new international guidelines.

Does using the Lung Clearance Index (LCI) inform clinical decisions in children with cystic fibrosis?

Introduction: The Lung Clearance Index (LCI) is an established research test, but its role in clinical decision-making is not well defined. This study estimated the proportion of treatment decisions that are changed or supported by the added information provided by LCI.

Methods: A mixed methods prospective observational study was conducted in North America.

Laparoscopic varicocelectomy: Does intraoperative lymphography with vital dye influence the outcome?

Introduction: Vital dyes lymphography during laparoscopic varicocelectomy (LV) has been suggested to allow for lymphatic mapping thereby allowing for lymphatic sparing (LS) and subsequent reduction of hydrocele formation. Intratesticular injection of the dye seems to achieve the best lymphatic visualization, however, the potential toxicity of some agents, is a cause of concern for the risk of testicular pathological changes. We report our experience with LV, to test the hypothesis that Intraoperative lymphography with methylene blue (BL), is safe and reduces the rate of post-operative hydrocelectomy.

Measuring the role of fathers on breastfeeding success: Psychometric properties of Ethiopia's Afaan Oromo version of the partner breastfeeding influence scale.

Aim: This study aimed to translate the partner breastfeeding influence scale (PBIS) to the Afaan Oromo language and determine its psychometric properties.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 320 fathers of infants under six months old was conducted with a 4-week retest. The scale underwent translation and back-translation before its psychometric evaluation.