The role of ferroptosis and oxidative stress in cognitive deficits among chronic schizophrenia patients: a multicenter investigation.

Oxidative stress (OS) is crucial in schizophrenia (SCZ) pathology. Ferroptosis, a recently discovered cell death pathway linked to OS, might contribute to the development of SCZ. This study investigated the association between ferroptosis markers and cognitive impairments in chronic SCZ patients.

Relationship between autism spectrum disorder and peripapillary intraretinal layer thickness: a pediatric retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often presents with atypical visual processing, prompting investigation into its connection with retinal features. This study aimed to (I) compare intraretinal layer thickness in the peripapillary region between ASD and neurotypical (NT) groups, (II) assess associations between intraretinal layer thickness and clinical parameters (social functioning and cognitive levels) in ASD subjects, and (III) evaluate the potential of intraretinal layer thickness as a biomarker for ASD.

Methods: Participants were recruited through convenience sampling from the Children's Mental Health Research Center at The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and the Department of Ophthalmology at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, between December 2019 and August 2023.

Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the First Year Inventory for Early ASD Screening in China.

The First Year Inventory (FYI) is a parent report screening measure, aimed at identifying the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 12-month-old infants. This study aimed to investigate the utility of FYI within the Chinese community and develop a short version, encompassing both a low-risk sample and a high-risk sample comprising infants with older siblings diagnosed with ASD. Parents of 53 high-risk (HR) infants and 519 low-risk (LR) infants, aged 11 to 13 months, were recruited.

Identification of abnormal closed-loop pathways in patients with MRI-negative pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a disorder of brain networks, that is usually combined with cognitive and emotional impairment. However, most of the current research on closed-loop pathways in epilepsy is limited to the neuronal level or has focused only on known closed-loop pathways, and studies on abnormalities in closed-loop pathways in epilepsy at the whole-brain network level are lacking. A total of 26 patients with magnetic resonance imaging-negative pharmacoresistant epilepsy (MRIneg-PRE) and 26 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study.

Is fracture management merely a physical process? Exploring the psychological effects of internal and external fixation.

Background: Internal and external fixation are common surgical procedures for treating fractures. However, the impact of different surgical approaches (including internal and external fixations) on patients' psychological status and Quality of Life (QoL) is rarely examined. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of internal and external fixation on anxiety, depression, insomnia, and overall mental and physical health in Distal Radius Fractures (DRF) patients.

Predicting autism spectrum disorder using maternal risk factors: A multi-center machine learning study.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex environmental etiology involving maternal risk factors, which have been combined with machine learning to predict ASD. However, limited studies have considered the factors throughout preconception, perinatal, and postnatal periods, and even fewer have been conducted in multi-center. In this study, five predictive models were developed using 57 maternal risk factors from a cohort across ten cities (ASD:1232, typically developing[TD]: 1090).

The correlation between brain structure characteristics and emotion regulation ability in children at high risk of autism spectrum disorder.

As indicated by longitudinal observation, autism has difficulty controlling emotions to a certain extent in early childhood, and most children's emotional and behavioral problems are further aggravated with the growth of age. This study aimed at exploring the correlation between white matter and white matter fiber bundle connectivity characteristics and their emotional regulation ability in children with autism using machine learning methods, which can lay an empirical basis for early clinical intervention of autism. Fifty-five high risk of autism spectrum disorder (HR-ASD) children and 52 typical development (TD) children were selected to complete the skull 3D-T1 structure and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

[A survey on the current situation of serum vitamin A and vitamin D levels among children aged 2-<7 years of 20 cities in China].

To investigate serum vitamin A and vitamin D status in children aged 2-<7 years in 20 cities in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 2 924 healthy children aged 2-<7 years were recruited from September 2018 to September 2019 from 20 cities in China, categorized by age groups of 2-<3 years, 3-<5 years, and 5-<7 years.

EGR1 Regulates SHANK3 Transcription at Different Stages of Brain Development.

The expression levels of SHANK3 are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The dynamic changes in SHANK3 expression during different stages of brain development may impact the progression of ASD. However, no studies or detailed analyses exploring the upstream mechanisms that regulate SHANK3 expression have been reported.

The underlying mechanisms of DNA methylation in high salt memory in hypertensive vascular disease.

This study demonstrates the effect and DNA methylation-related mechanisms of a high-salt diet and salt memory-induced hypertension and vasculopathy. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control (CON) group (n = 6) and a modeling group (n = 24). A 12% NaCl solution (1 mL/100 g) was intragastrically administered for 60 consecutive days for modeling.

Intestinal Symptoms Among Children aged 2-7 Years with Autism Spectrum Disorder in 13 Cities of China.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial, pervasive, neurodevelopmental disorder, of which intestinal symptoms collectively represent one of the most common comorbidities.

Methods: In this study, 1,222 children with ASD and 1,206 typically developing (TD) children aged 2-7 years were enrolled from 13 cities in China. Physical measurement and basic information questionnaires were conducted in ASD and TD children.

High definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the Cz improves social dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, sham, controlled study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Cz of high-definition 5-channel tDCS (HD-tDCS) on social function in 4-12 years-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was a randomized, double-blind, pseudo-controlled trial in which 45 ASD children were recruited and divided into three groups with sex, age, and rehabilitation treatment as control variables. Each group of 15 children with ASD was randomly administered active HD-tDCS with the Cz as the central anode, active HD-tDCS with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) as the central anode, and sham HD-tDCS with the Cz as the central anode with 14 daily sessions in 3 weeks.

Risk factors and clinical characteristics of autism spectrum disorder with regression in China.

Autism spectrum disorder with regression (ASD-R) is characterized by the loss of previously acquired skills during the initial year of life. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, patterns of regression, and potential risk factors associated with ASD-R in the Chinese Han population. A case-control study was conducted between September 2020 and March 2022.

Phospholipase A2-activating protein induces mitophagy through anti-apoptotic MCL1-mediated NLRX1 oligomerization.

Mitochondrial protein homeostasis is fine-tuned by diverse physiological processes such as mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD), which is regulated by valosin-containing protein (VCP) and its cofactors. As a cofactor of VCP, the mutation of phospholipase A-2-activating protein (PLAA) is the genetic cause of PLAA-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (PLAAND). However, the physiological and pathological roles of PLAA in mitochondria remain unclear.

Association of feeding patterns in infancy with later autism symptoms and neurodevelopment: a national multicentre survey.

Background: We aimed to compare differences in infant feeding patterns (breastfeeding and complementary food supplementation) between children with the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children through a multicentre study. The relationship between these patterns and later core symptoms and neurodevelopment in children with ASD was also investigated.

Methods: We analysed breastfeeding and complementary feeding patterns in 1389 children with ASD and 1190 TD children.

Social Brain Network of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Characterization of Functional Connectivity and Potential Association with Stereotyped Behavior.

To identify patterns of social dysfunction in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), study the potential linkage between social brain networks and stereotyped behavior, and further explore potential targets of non-invasive nerve stimulation to improve social disorders. Voxel-wise and ROI-wise analysis methods were adopted to explore abnormalities in the functional activity of social-related regions of the brain. Then, we analyzed the relationships between clinical variables and the statistical indicators of social-related brain regions.

Identification of adolescent patients with depression via assessment of the niacin skin flushing response.

Background: Depressive disorder (DD) affects approximately 20 % of adolescents worldwide, but it is underdiagnosed due to the lack of objective biomarkers. Niacin skin flushing response (NSFR) is an objective and noninvasive biomarker of adult depression; however, its effectiveness has not been assessed in adolescents.

Methods: This study included 198 adolescents with 50 % healthy controls (HC).

Early life exposure to triclosan from antimicrobial daily necessities may increase the potential risk of autism spectrum disorder: A multicenter study in China.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders with unclear etiologies. Our recent work indicated that maternal exposure to triclosan (TCS) significantly increased the autistic-like behavior in rats, possibly through disrupting neuronal retinoic acid signaling. Although environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) have been associated with autism in humans, the relationship between TCS, one of the EEDs found in antibacterial daily necessities, and autism has received little attention.

Vitamin D status is primarily associated with core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A multicenter study in China.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and core symptoms and neurodevelopmental levels in children with ASD with a multicenter survey.

Methods: We enrolled 1321 ASD children and 1279 typically developing (TD) children aged 2-7 years from 13 cities in China. ASD symptoms were assessed with the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and neurodevelopmental levels were evaluated with the Children Neuropsychological and Behavior Scale-Revision 2016 (CNBS-R2016).

Attenuated niacin skin flushing response in children and adolescents with mental disorders: A transdiagnostic early warning marker.

Mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in children and adolescents worldwide, but among the difficulties that pediatric mental health faces is a lack of objective biomarkers used for early identification or diagnosis. Studies to date indicate that niacin skin flushing response (NSFR) could be a biomarker for adult patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders. However, there are limited data on NSFR in pediatric patients with mental disorders.