Increased Severe Cases and New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Among Children Presenting With Diabetic Ketoacidosis During First Year of COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey.

Introduction: There have been some significant changes regarding healthcare utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Majority of the reports about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes care are from the first wave of the pandemic. We aim to evaluate the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and new onset Type 1 diabetes presenting with DKA, and also evaluate children with DKA and acute COVID-19 infection.

Is There a Role for Laboratory Parameters in Predicting Coronary Artery Involvement in Kawasaki Disease?

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) may cause cardiac and coronary complications. Since definite markers to accurately predict coronary involvement is not present, we aimed to analyze the role of hematological indices [neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to monocyte ratio (LMR), and mean platelet volume (MPV)-to lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR)], prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in predicting coronary involvement of KD. Patients The medical records of 134 KD patients admitted between January 2008 and December 2019 were investigated.

Novel Cranial Imaging Findings and a Splice-Site Variant in a Patient with Tyrosinemia Type III, and a Summary of Published Cases.

Tyrosinemia type III is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease, with only 19 patients yet reported. It is caused by a deficiency of the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme, resulting from biallelic mutations in the gene. Although the clinical spectrum of the disease is not fully known, most patients present with neurodevelopmental symptoms.

Utility of the systemic immune-inflammation index to predict serious bacterial infections in infants with fever without a source.

Introduction: This study analyzed the utility of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in predicting serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in infants with fever without a source (FWS).

Methods: Infants (aged 1-4 months) evaluated in the pediatric emergency department for FWS were divided into two groups: . The efficacy of inflammatory markers in predicting SBI was compared.

COVID-19 Infection in Well-Appearing 30- to 90-Day-Old Infants with Fever without a Source.

Fever without a source (FWS) is common clinical status in the young infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection in well-appearing infants with FWS. Well-appearing febrile infants between 30 and 90 days who were evaluated as FWS in the pediatric emergency department and tested for COVID-19 were divided into two groups: COVID-19 (+) and (-).

Congenital Rare Diseases Causing Persistent Diarrhea in the Newborn: A Single Center Experience.

Congenital diarrheal disorders (CDDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases that typically occur in the first weeks of life or can present later in life after the introduction of different nutrients; they can cause life-threatening severe dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. This study was conducted to characterize the causes of monogenic CDDs, and their clinical consequences. Clinical characteristics of 31 patients with CDDs that occurred in the first month of life and lasted more than 2 weeks were analyzed retrospectively.

Clinically Different Presentations of Family Members With the Same Homozygote Diacylglycerol Kinase Epsilon Mutation: Case Report.

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and renal microangiopathies may manifest similar clinical presentations and histology. Many genetic mutations that cause these diseases have been reported. Studies on mutations in the gene encoding diacylglycerol kinase epsilon identified a novel pathophysiologic mechanism leading to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and/or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Dynamic Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis in Children With β-Thalassemia Trait.

In children with β-thalassemia (β-thal) trait, tissue damage occurs with oxidative stress due to oxygen free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (DTDH) is one of the most important indicators showing the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status in the body. In this study, we aimed to examine the status of DTDH by measuring native thiol, disulfide, and total thiol levels in children with β-thal trait.

Safety of COVID-19 vaccines and disease flares after vaccines in children with rheumatic disease.

Objectives: Wide spread availability of safe and effective vaccines for COVID-19 in all countries is the best hope to end the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in developing countries, the hesitancy of the society about vaccination is an important problem in terms of public health. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability and tolerability of COVID-19 vaccines in the pediatric population diagnosed with rheumatic disease, as well as the attitudes toward these vaccines.

Evaluation of the efficiency of the systemic immune-inflammation index in differentiating parapneumonic effusion from empyema.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and other biomarkers in distinguishing parapneumonic effusion (PPE) and empyema.

Methods: Patients who were thought to have pleural effusion secondary to pneumonia in the pediatric emergency department (PED) between 2004 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups as empyema and PPE.

Early Neurologic Complications and Long-term Neurologic Outcomes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Performed in Children.

Background: We aimed at evaluating acute neurologic complications (ANC) and clinical outcome at a 2-year follow-up in children after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective review of our patient cohort aged between 1 month and 18 years at the time of ECMO support (between June 2014 to January 2017). Outcome analysis included ANC and their clinical consequences.

Real-Life Data From the Largest Pediatric Familial Mediterranean Fever Cohort.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease manifesting phenotypic heterogeneity. It is a clinically diagnosed disease supported by gene mutation analysis. However, the phenotype-genotype correlation is not yet established clearly.

Success of the acute renal angina index in the early prediction of acute kidney injury in the emergency department.

Introduction: It is mentioned that the acute renal angina index (aRAI), a new concept, can be used in emergency departments to calculate and accurately predict the risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI). The aims of the study included: to evaluate the predictive performance of the aRAI (AKI risk classification tool) in predicting AKI in the pediatric emergency department.

Method: Patients who met the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome were examined.

OCT Evaluation of Retinal Parameters in Pediatric Gastritis Patients with Helicobacter Pylori.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on choroidal thickness (CT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and ganglion cell (GCL+IPL) complex thickness in childhood cases of gastritis.

Methods: A total of 104 eyes of 52 children were included in the study.

Bacteremic and Nonbacteremic Brucellosis in Children in Turkey.

Introduction: Human brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic infections in the world. The definitive diagnosis of brucellosis is based on cultured Brucella organisms from blood or other tissue samples. We aimed to compare bacteremic and nonbacteremic brucellosis patients with demographical, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features and determine the predictive factors affecting blood culture positivity.

Attitudes towards influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in parents of asthmatic children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in attitudes and views towards influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in parents of children with asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: Asthmatic children in the 6-18 age group who were admitted to the pediatric allergy clinic of our hospital between October 1, 2020 and February 31, 2021 were included in the study. The parents were given a questionnaire asking about their demographics and medical history.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2: extracardiac radiological findings.

Objective: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is seen as a serious delayed complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of this study was to describe the most common imaging features of MIS-C associated with SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: A retrospective review was made of the medical records and radiological imaging studies of 47 children (26 male, 21 female) in the age range of 25 months-15 years who were diagnosed with MIS-C between August 2020 and March 2021.

Retrospective Evaluation of Acute Headache in Pediatric Emergency Department: Etiologies, Red Flags, and Neuroimaging.

Background: The aims of this study were to describe the etiologies of acute headache presenting to the pediatric emergency department, determine their clinical characteristics, the prevalence of red flag findings and neuroimaging and identify predictors of headaches because of serious intracranial diseases.

Materials And Methods: Patients from 2 to 18 years of age who visited pediatric emergency department with a chief complaint of headache between January 1, 2016 and August 31, 2020 were retrospectively evaluated.

Results: The mean age of the 558 patients included in the study was 11.

Contribution of Rapid Influenza Antigen Test to Management of Febrile Young Infants without a Focus.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of the rapid influenza antigen test and the contribution of the test result to patient management in febrile infants aged 29‒90 days.

Methods: The medical records of febrile infants without a focus who presented during influenza seasons from 2017‒2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The study was carried out in the Department of Pediatric Emergency, Dr.