Ambulatory care utilization in the first 24 months' postpartum by rurality and pregnancy-related conditions: A prospective cohort study from Maine.

Purpose: To estimate the rate of ambulatory care use among postpartum persons by rurality of residence and pregnancy-related conditions.

Methods: We used Maine Health Data Organization's All Payer Claims Data for persons who delivered between 2007 and 2019 (N = 121,905). We estimated rates of ambulatory care (nonemergency department outpatient health care) utilization during the first 24 months' postpartum by level of rurality (urban, large rural, small rural, and isolated rural) and by pregnancy-related conditions (prenatal depression, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and gestational diabetes).

Validation of Lactational Mastitis Diagnosis Codes in Electronic Health Care Data.

Background: Electronic health record (EHR) data are an underused source for lactation-related research. The validity of ICD-10-CM-coded lactational mastitis is unknown.

Methods: We assessed lactational mastitis diagnosis code validity by medical record review.

Tcf21 as a founder transcription factor in specifying Foxd1 cells to the juxtaglomerular cell lineage.

Renin is crucial for blood pressure regulation and electrolyte balance, and its expressing cells arise from Forkhead box D1-positive (Foxd1) stromal progenitors. However, factors guiding these progenitors toward renin-secreting cell fate remain unclear. Tcf21, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, is essential in kidney development.

Paricalcitol prevents MAPK pathway activation and inflammation in adriamycin-induced kidney injury in rats.

Background: Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway induces uncontrolled cell proliferation in response to inflammatory stimuli. Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy (ADRN) in rats triggers MAPK activation and pro-inflammatory mechanisms by increasing cytokine secretion, similar to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in suppressing the expression of inflammatory markers in the kidney and may contribute to reducing cellular proliferation.

Education and employment among patients with childhood-onset epilepsy in adulthood: A population-based cohort study.

Objective: This study explored the association of childhood-onset epilepsy (COE) with educational attainment, adulthood employment, and income.

Methods: A population-based cohort of 312 children with COE was identified from Tampere University Hospital, Finland. Population Register Center formed a matched random population sample of 1248 children without COE as a reference cohort.

Methods for constructing and evaluating consensus genomic interval sets.

The amount of genomic region data continues to increase. Integrating across diverse genomic region sets requires consensus regions, which enable comparing regions across experiments, but also by necessity lose precision in region definitions. We require methods to assess this loss of precision and build optimal consensus region sets.

Methods for evaluating unsupervised vector representations of genomic regions.

Representation learning models have become a mainstay of modern genomics. These models are trained to yield vector representations, or embeddings, of various biological entities, such as cells, genes, individuals, or genomic regions. Recent applications of unsupervised embedding approaches have been shown to learn relationships among genomic regions that define functional elements in a genome.

Burden of 30 cancers among men: Global statistics in 2022 and projections for 2050 using population-based estimates.

Background: Men exhibit higher prevalence of modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, leading to greater cancer incidence and lower survival rates. Comprehensive evidence on global cancer burden among men, including disparities by age group and country, is sparse. To address this, the authors analyzed 30 cancer types among men in 2022, with projections estimated for 2050.

PEPhub: a database, web interface, and API for editing, sharing, and validating biological sample metadata.

Background: As biological data increase, we need additional infrastructure to share them and promote interoperability. While major effort has been put into sharing data, relatively less emphasis is placed on sharing metadata. Yet, sharing metadata is also important and in some ways has a wider scope than sharing data themselves.

An efficient inducible model for the control of gene expression in renin cells.

Fate mapping and genetic manipulation of renin cells have relied on either noninducible lines that can introduce the developmental effects of gene deletion or bacterial artificial chromosome transgene-based inducible models that may be prone to spurious and/or ectopic gene expression. To circumvent these problems, we generated an inducible mouse model in which is under the control of the endogenous gene, an independent marker of renin cells that is expressed in a few extrarenal tissues. We confirmed the proper expression of using ; mice in which Akr1b7/renin cells become green fluorescent protein (GFP) upon tamoxifen administration.

Inhibition of Renin Expression Is Regulated by an Epigenetic Switch From an Active to a Poised State.

Background: Renin-expressing cells are myoendocrine cells crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis. Renin is regulated by cAMP, p300 (histone acetyltransferase p300)/CBP (CREB-binding protein), and Brd4 (bromodomain-containing protein 4) proteins and associated pathways. However, the specific regulatory changes that occur following inhibition of these pathways are not clear.

Fast clustering and cell-type annotation of scATAC data using pre-trained embeddings.

Data from the single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) are now widely available. One major computational challenge is dealing with high dimensionality and inherent sparsity, which is typically addressed by producing lower dimensional representations of single cells for downstream clustering tasks. Current approaches produce such individual cell embeddings directly through a one-step learning process.

A novel syndrome of silent rhinovirus-associated bronchoalveolitis in children with recurrent wheeze.

Background: Rhinovirus (RV) infections trigger wheeze episodes in children. Thus, understanding of the lung inflammatory response to RV in children with wheeze is important.

Objectives: This study sought to examine the associations of RV on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) granulocyte patterns and biomarkers of inflammation with age in children with treatment-refractory, recurrent wheeze (n = 616).