Total baseline tumor size predicts survival among patients with advanced small-cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy plus programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor as first-line therapy: a multicenter retrospective observational study.

Introduction: Total baseline tumor size (BTS) is a prognostic factor for programmed death 1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor treatments. However, the prognostic value of total BTS for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) who receive chemotherapy plus PD-L1 inhibitor remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine whether total BTS is associated with prognosis in patients with SCLC who receive chemotherapy plus PD-L1 inhibitor as first-line therapy.

Pregnancy-associated fulminant type 1 diabetes: a case report and review of the literature.

Pregnancy-associated fulminant type 1 diabetes (PF) has received high clinical attention because of its low incidence and poor prognosis. It poses a great threat to the lives of mothers and infants; therefore, it is imperative to understand its characteristics and approach methods. However, no studies have described whether a cesarean section or conservative treatment should be considered at the onset of PF.

Effects of dulaglutide and trelagliptin on beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study: DUET-beta study.

Aims: This randomized, open-label, parallel-group, controlled trial compared the effects of dulaglutide and trelagliptin on beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: For 24 weeks, participants received dulaglutide (0.75 mg/week) or trelagliptin (100 mg/week), after which beta-cell function was evaluated using a glucagon stimulation test-based disposition index.

Two Cases of Cardiovascular Adverse Events Following Subcutaneous Vosoritide Injection in Early Infancy.

Achondroplasia, characterized by short stature and skeletal abnormalities, is caused by a gain-of-function variant in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene. Vosoritide, a C-type natriuretic peptide analog, is an emerging treatment for achondroplasia that functions by promoting endochondral ossification. Vosoritide was approved for the treatment of achondroplasia in Europe and the United States in 2021, and in Japan, the following year.

Effectiveness of DialBetesPlus, a self-management support system for diabetic kidney disease: Randomized controlled trial.

We evaluated the effectiveness of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention for diabetic kidney disease patients by conducting a 12-month randomized controlled trial among 126 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with moderately increased albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR): 30-299 mg/g creatinine) recruited from eight clinical sites in Japan. Using a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) behavior change theory framework, the intervention provides patients detailed information in order to improve patient control over exercise and dietary behaviors. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received DialBetesPlus, a self-management support system allowing patients to monitor exercise, blood glucose, diet, blood pressure, and body weight via a smartphone application.

The Management of Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Multicenter Observational Study.

Background: There is a lack of reports on the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Aims: We aimed to assess whether the use of DOACs is associated with a higher incidence of delayed bleeding (DB) after ESD.

Methods: A total of 4175 colorectal neoplasms in 3515 patients were dissected at our hospitals during study period.

Papillary fibroelastoma originating from the atrial septum touching the mitral valve leading to infective endocarditis: a case report.

Background: Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma is a rare benign tumor, which is often mistaken for a vegetation. Predominantly asymptomatic, it can cause life-threatening complications. Although rare, mobile papillary fibroelastoma movement between affected valves may hamper valve closure and damage the valve, leading to valvular regurgitation.

Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Triple-Negative Apocrine Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study.

Background: With a prevalence of only 1% among all breast cancers in Japan, apocrine carcinoma (AC) is a rare type of breast cancer, and its clinicopathological characteristics remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and prognosis of AC, in relation to the presence or absence of androgen receptor (AR).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multi-center case-control study (Yokohama Clinical Oncology Group (YCOG): YCOG1701 study) in Japan.

Genotyping of strains isolated in Japan during 2019 and 2020: spread of gene type 2c and 2j variant strains.

We characterized 118 strains isolated from three areas of Japan (Saitama, Kanagawa, and Osaka) during the period of 2019 and 2020. Genotyping of the gene in these strains revealed that 29 of them were type 1 lineage (29/118, 24.6%), while 89 were type 2 lineage (89/118, 75.

Successful use of single-port laparoscopic surgery for ovarian cyst removal during pregnancy: a case series of three cases.

Pregnant patients have an increased risk of torsion compared to that seen in nonpregnant patients, and those with larger cysts undergo torsion more frequently, which can cause obstructions during labor. The risks associated with emergent surgery are higher than those with elective surgery. Laparoscopic surgery can be safely performed during pregnancy.

Endocrinological evaluation of dawn phenomenon in patients with diabetes and comparison of insulin glargine U-100 biosimilar (Insulin Glargine BS Injection "Lilly") and glargine U-300 (Lantus XR): a randomized controlled study.

We investigated the pathophysiology of the dawn phenomenon by examining the effects of changes in blood glucose levels from late night to early morning on various hormones in a group taking glargine BS and a group taking Lantus XR, with the goal of achieving better glycemic control. Patients with types 1 and 2 diabetes scheduled for inpatient education were divided into BS and XR groups. Blood glucose levels were tracked from 0:00 to 7:00, while blood samples were extracted at 3:00 and 7:00 to measure glucose levels and hormones related to the dawn phenomenon.

Effect of dulaglutide and long-acting insulin combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective observational study.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of combination therapy comprising dulaglutide and long-acting insulin, on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 20 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent blood glucose management with intensive insulin therapy for a limited period. All patients were switched from intensive insulin therapy to combination therapy comprising dulaglutide and long-acting insulin.

Prophylactic antibiotics for postcataract surgery endophthalmitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 6.8 million eyes.

To reveal optimal antibiotic prophylactic regimen for postoperative endophthalmitis (POE), we conducted systematic review and network meta-analysis. A total of 51 eligible original articles, including two randomized controlled trials, were identified. In total, 4502 POE cases occurred in 6,809,732 eyes (0.

Peribronchiolar Metaplasia of the Lung Incidentally Detected During a Surgery for Pneumothorax: A Case Report.

Background: Peribronchiolar metaplasia (PBM) is a lesion characterized by an abnormal connection between the terminal bronchiole and parabronchiole via the Lambert's canals. We report a rare case of PBM incidentally detected during a surgery for pneumothorax.

Case Presentation: At 38-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with chest pain.

Corrective osteotomy for complex tibial deformity in a patient with hereditary vitamin D-resistant hypophosphatemic rickets (HVDRR) using CT-based navigation system and 3D printed osteotomy model.

Planning a three-dimensional (3D) osteotomy using computed tomography (CT) data is useful especially in cases with complex deformities. Furthermore, CT-based navigation system allows the preoperative virtual planning to be replicated in actual surgery. However, one disadvantage when using navigation systems is that when osteotomies are performed on tracker-attached bone, the bone fragments on the side that were cut away cannot be tracked.

Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled study.

Patients with type 2 diabetes who have cardiovascular disease and are receiving empagliflozin have a lower rate of primary composite cardiovascular outcomes. In contrast, glimepiride increases cardiovascular hospitalization when combined with metformin. Here, we assessed the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation (FMD).

Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap Revisited as a Workhorse for Reconstruction for Defects in the Upper Arm: A Case Report.

Many previous reviews of the literature have described the grafts and techniques for management of defects in the upper arm. However, the alternatives are limited in cases where some conventional flaps are not available and the nearby donor vessels have been previously sacrificed for free flaps. A 77-year-old man presented with a tumor in the right upper arm just above the axilla.

Pathological Changes in the Lymphatic System of Patients with Secondary Lower Limb Lymphedema Based on Single Photon-Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography/Lymphoscintigraphy Images.

In patients with secondary upper limb lymphedema, positive correlations have been observed between the dermal back flow (DBF) type and visualization of lymph nodes around the clavicle, between the former and the lymph flow pathway type, and between the latter and the visualization of lymph nodes around the clavicle when using single photon-emission computed tomography/computed tomography/lymphoscintigraphy (SPECT-CT LSG). We analyzed the associations between the visualization of inguinal lymph nodes, the lymph flow pathway type, and the DBF type using SPECT-CT LSG in 81 patients with unilateral secondary lower limb lymphedema by statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test. We revealed that the lymph flow pathways in the lower limb can be classified into nine types because the type in the lower leg is not always equal to the type in the thigh.

Efficacy of the Self-management Support System DialBetesPlus for Diabetic Kidney Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the main complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DKD is a known risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause death. Effective intervention for early-stage DKD is vital to slowing down the progression of kidney disease and improve prognoses.

Micronodular Thymoma with Lymphoid Stroma: A Case Report.

Background: Micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma (MNT) is a rare subtype of thymic neoplasms. Therefore, clinical guidelines, histopathological diagnostic criteria, prognostic factors, and therapeutic regimens have not been established.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow detected by chest radiography.