Transforming diagnosis through artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly permeating the fabric of medicine, but getting full benefits will likely require fundamental changes in practice. Accepting this will be challenging for many clinicians. However, it may be necessary to ensure that AI’s ambitious promises translate into real-life improvement.

A literature-based cost-effectiveness analysis of device-assisted suturing versus needle-driven suturing during laparotomy closure.

Purpose: Small-bites suturing technique for laparotomy closure is now recommended as the standard of care. However, uptake of the practice remains slow. A medical technology called the SutureTOOL has been developed which can facilitate implementation of small-bites.

Primary care in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: Lessons from Ontario.

Objective: To understand the role of primary care in the COVID-19 pandemic to provide insight into its functioning and inform potential reforms.

Composition Of The Committee: The now dissolved Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table (Science Table) was formed in July 2020 to provide decision makers and the public with a synthesis of rapidly evolving evidence related to COVID-19. The Science Table was based at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, and supported by Public Health Ontario.

Identifying outcome domains to establish a core outcome set for progressive pulmonary fibrosis: a scoping review.

Introduction: People with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other forms of progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) have a high symptom burden and a poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Despite efforts to offer specialised treatment, clinical care for these patients remains suboptimal and several nonmedical needs remain unaddressed. Developing a core outcome set (COS) can help to identify a minimum set of agreed-upon outcomes that should be measured and acted-upon in clinical care.

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Anatomic Pathology.

Context.—: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various fields, including anatomic pathology, where it offers the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and research capabilities.

Objective.

Development and Implementation of Digital Health Tools in Radiation Oncology: A Rapid Review.

A rapid review of 21 studies into 20 unique digital health tools found significant benefits to utilizing the following 4 categories of tools: (1) educational videos increased patient knowledge of radiotherapy (RT) and reduced treatment-related anxiety; (2) extended reality tools improved patient understanding of RT and reduced anxiety, with virtual reality coaching enhancing tumor motion reproducibility during CT simulation; (3) digital patient engagement tools helped patients manage treatment symptoms, increased health literacy, and improved quality of life; (4) an electronic feedback form decreased patient anxiety and increased RT knowledge. Most interventions were single-use and implemented before the start of RT.

Association of Rate of Functional Recovery With Therapy Time and Content Among Adults With Acquired Brain Injuries in Inpatient Rehabilitation.

Objective: To examine associations among the time and content of rehabilitation treatment with self-care and mobility functional gain rate for adults with acquired brain injury.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using electronic health record and administrative billing data.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation unit at a large, academic medical center.

Efficacy of brief behavioral and sleep hygiene education with mindfulness intervention on sleep, social jetlag and mental health in adolescence: a pilot study.

Objectives: Sleep is often compromised in adolescents, affecting their health and quality of life. This pilot-study was conducted to evaluate if implementing brief-behavioral and sleep-hygiene education with mindfulness intervention may positively affect sleep-health in adolescents.

Method: Participants in this community-based non-randomized cohort-study volunteered for intervention (IG)- or control-group (CG).

Recommendations for mitochondria transfer and transplantation nomenclature and characterization.

Intercellular mitochondria transfer is an evolutionarily conserved process in which one cell delivers some of their mitochondria to another cell in the absence of cell division. This process has diverse functions depending on the cell types involved and physiological or disease context. Although mitochondria transfer was first shown to provide metabolic support to acceptor cells, recent studies have revealed diverse functions of mitochondria transfer, including, but not limited to, the maintenance of mitochondria quality of the donor cell and the regulation of tissue homeostasis and remodelling.

Efficacy of Virtual Reality Program for Mental Health Promotion in Pregnant Women.

Objective: Recently, various mental health promotion programs using virtual reality (VR) technology have been tried in the psychiatric field. Considering the importance of mental health in pregnant women, VR-assisted mental health promotion programs for pregnant women are needed to be developed. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the efficacy of a VR-assisted mental health promotion program for pregnant women.

Discrepancies between subjective and objective sleep assessments revealed by in-home electroencephalography during real-world sleep.

Sleep insufficiency and sleep disorders pose serious health challenges. This study aimed to determine the potential discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep assessments, including the latter made by physicians, by analyzing a 421-participant dataset in Japan comprising multiple nights of in-home sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) data and questionnaire responses on sleep habits or subjective experiences. We employed logistic regression models to examine which subjective and objective sleep parameters physicians are paying attention to when assessing sleep insufficiency, insomnia, sleep quality, and sleep apnea.

A Hospital Resource for Nurses Navigating Doctoral Education and Beyond.

Advancing nursing practice to improve care and system outcomes requires doctoral-prepared nurses to conduct programs of research and translate science to practice. The authors describe a Doctoral support group (DSG) at one hospital designed to support nurses considering and navigating doctoral education while continuing as hospital employees. Strategies from 18 years' experience are provided for others to develop and sustain a DSG as part of an environment to support and retain nurses with doctoral degrees.

Early diagnostics of fibromyalgia: an overview of the challenges and opportunities.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a common pain disorder with features of widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, disrupted sleep, cognitive dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, and mood disorders. Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on quality of life, the diagnosis and management of fibromyalgia remain challenging. Advancements in classification and diagnostics in broad areas have improved our understanding and treatment approach for this condition.

Generative Artificial Intelligence: Applications in Scientific Writing and Data Analysis in Wound Healing Research.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) models are a new technological development with vast research use cases among medical subspecialties. These powerful large language models offer a wide range of possibilities in wound care, from personalized patient support to optimized treatment plans and improved scientific writing. They can also assist in efficiently navigating the literature and selecting and summarizing articles, enabling researchers to focus on impactful studies relevant to wound care management and enhancing response quality through prompt-learning iterations.

Medicaid Unwinding Experiences in Dual-Eligible Older Adults.

Importance: Dual-eligible older adults rely on Medicaid to pay for Medicare premiums and cost sharing in addition to supplemental services including dental and long-term care. However, the unique experiences of dual-eligible older adults with Medicaid unwinding remain unknown.

Objective: To assess the awareness and experiences of dual-eligible older adults with Medicaid redetermination.

Extended Reality Interventions for Health and Procedural Anxiety: Panoramic Meta-Analysis Based on Overviews of Reviews.

Background: Extended reality (XR) technologies are increasingly being used to reduce health and procedural anxieties. The global effectiveness of these interventions is uncertain, and there is a lack of understanding of how patient outcomes might vary between different contexts and modalities.

Objective: This research used panoramic meta-analysis to synthesize evidence across the diverse clinical contexts in which XR is used to address common outcomes of health and procedural anxiety.

A Survey of Forensic Pathologists Regarding Medicolegal Investigation of Perinatal and Stillborn Deaths.

Stillborn and perinatal deaths may be referred to medical examiners and coroners for investigation and determination of cause and/or manner of death. One of the key questions is determining a live birth from a stillbirth. We surveyed 147 forensic pathologists to assess their investigative practices for these deaths and for their ability to diagnose a live birth and a stillbirth.

The Expanding Role of Designated Institutional Officials in Graduate Medical Education.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) plays a pivotal role in ensuring the quality of graduate medical education (GME) training across the United States. Central to the success of this mission are designated institutional officials (DIOs), who usually serve as chief GME officers within the ACGME-accredited sponsoring institutions (SIs). Despite the critical role of DIOs, the qualifications, level of administrative support, and responsibilities of DIOs are not defined and vary significantly among SIs.

Why CEOs need advanced education and training for optimizing decisions in the development of innovative medicinal products? justification and recommendation.

Chief executives have been educated and trained how to handle business, to take executive decisions, and take care of financial and human resources in favor of the company they are leading. CEOs (chief executive officers) of innovative pharmaceutical businesses, among others, have only seldomly been trained to understand the immense time periods involved between decisions and their moment of impact, and the skills and languages used by their internal and external R&D (research and development) staff. R&D staff and regulators, however, have undergone full training, and are usually capable of understanding each other across their various specialties (among them compound finding, quality, safety, efficacy, efficiency, risk assessment and management).

The pivotal role of sleep in mediating the effects of life stressors and healthy habits on allostatic load in mid-life adults.

Objectives: We assessed the modulation of allostatic load (AL) by engagement in healthy habits and life stressors, mediated through resilience and the perceived influence of the stressors. Sleep was included as third mediator given extensive evidence associating to all the analysed factors.

Methods: Structural equation models to assess the modulation of AL by either traumatic or psychosocial stressors and healthy habits were generated with data from 620 mid-life adults (age 51.

Health commodity management information system (Dagu-2 Software) implementation status in public health facilities of South-western Oromia, Ethiopia: a mixed method study.

Background: To ensure the complete traceability of healthcare commodities, robust end-to-end data management protocols are needed for the supply chain. In Ethiopia, digital tools like Dagu-2 are used in the lower levels of the healthcare supply chain. However, there is a lack of information regarding the implementation status, factors, and challenges of Dagu-2, as it is a recent upgrade from the offline Dagu-1 application.

Collecting Feedback From Neurologists and Patients to Guide Development of a Parkinson Disease App (DigiPark): Qualitative, Noninterventional Study.

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) is a worldwide, fast-growing, progressive neurodegenerative condition. Its multifaceted clinical presentation includes a wide range of motor and nonmotor symptoms. Smartphones present a potential solution to better monitor and subsequently alleviate PD symptoms.