Effects of Combined Low Glutathione with Mild Oxidative and Low Phosphorus Stress on the Metabolism of .

Plants possess highly sensitive mechanisms that monitor environmental stress levels for a dose-dependent fine-tuning of their growth and development. Differences in plant responses to severe and mild abiotic stresses have been recognized. Although many studies have revealed that glutathione can contribute to plant tolerance to various environmental stresses, little is known about the relationship between glutathione and mild abiotic stress, especially the effect of stress-induced altered glutathione levels on the metabolism.

The Role of BiP Retrieval by the KDEL Receptor in the Early Secretory Pathway and its Effect on Protein Quality Control and Neurodegeneration.

Protein quality control in the early secretory pathway is a ubiquitous eukaryotic mechanism for adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. An ER molecular chaperone, immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (BiP), is one of the essential components in this process. BiP interacts with nascent proteins to facilitate their folding.

Genetic and Pharmacological Inhibition of p38α Improves Locomotor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury.

One of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, p38α plays a crucial role in various inflammatory diseases and apoptosis of various types of cells. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiological roles of p38α in spinal cord injury (SCI), using a mouse model. Lateral hemisection at T9 of the SC was performed in wild type (WT) and p38α mice (p38α showed embryonic lethality).

Comparative Characterization of the Leaf Tissue of and Using RNA-seq and Metabolite Profiling.

The genus in the family contains several species of benefit to humans. Examples include (Chinese-lantern plant, hôzuki in Japanese) used for medicinal and for decorative purposes, and , also known as Cape gooseberry, which bears an edible, vitamin-rich fruit. Members of the genus are a valuable resource for phytochemicals needed for the development of medicines and functional foods.

Function of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors Involved in the Regulation of Specialized Metabolism in Revealed by Transcriptomics and Metabolomics.

The hairy roots (HR) of produce camptothecin (CPT), a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid used as a precursor in the synthesis of chemotherapeutic drugs. HR culture is considered as a promising alternative source of CPT, however, the knowledge about the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanism is still limited. In this study, five genes that encode AP2/ERF transcription factors, namely -, were isolated from HR of .

Development of Embodied Sense of Self Scale (ESSS): Exploring Everyday Experiences Induced by Anomalous Self-Representation.

The scientific exploration of the self has progressed, with much attention focused on the Embodied Sense of Self (ESS). Empirical studies have suggested the mechanisms for self-representation. On the other hand, less attention has been paid to the subjectivity itself of the self.

Root Zone Cooling and Exogenous Spermidine Root-Pretreatment Promoting Lactuca sativa L. Growth and Photosynthesis in the High-temperature Season.

Root zone high-temperature stress is a major factor limiting hydroponic plant growth during the high-temperature season. The effects of root zone cooling (RZC; at 25°C) and exogenous spermidine (Spd) root-pretreatment (SRP, 0.1 mM) on growth, leaf photosynthetic traits, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of hydroponic Lactuca sativa L.

Visual Presentation Effects on Identification of Multiple Environmental Sounds.

This study examined how the contents and timing of a visual stimulus affect the identification of mixed sounds recorded in a daily life environment. For experiments, we presented four environment sounds as auditory stimuli for 5 s along with a picture or a written word as a visual stimulus that might or might not denote the source of one of the four sounds. Three conditions of temporal relations between the visual stimuli and sounds were used.

Shigella IpaH Family Effectors as a Versatile Model for Studying Pathogenic Bacteria.

Shigella spp. are highly adapted human pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis). Via the type III secretion system (T3SS), Shigella deliver a subset of virulence proteins (effectors) that are responsible for pathogenesis, with functions including pyroptosis, invasion of the epithelial cells, intracellular survival, and evasion of host immune responses.

Awareness of Temporal Lag is Necessary for Motor-Visual Temporal Recalibration.

Consistent exposure to a temporal lag between observers' voluntary action and its visual feedback induced recalibration of temporal order perception between a motor action and a visual stimulus. It remains unclear what kinds of processing underlie this motor-visual temporal recalibration. This study examined the necessity of awareness of a temporal lag between a motor action and its visual feedback for motor-visual temporal recalibration.

Boosting Sensitivity in Liquid Chromatography-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Product Ion Analysis of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids.

In metabolomics, the analysis of product ions in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is noteworthy to chemically assign structural information. However, the development of relevant analytical methods are less advanced. Here, we developed a method to boost sensitivity in liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (MS/MS boost analysis).

Cytokine-related genotypic differences in peak interleukin-6 blood levels of patients with SIRS and septic complications.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6-related genotypic differences affect IL-6 blood levels in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: Seven polymorphisms of TNF, IL-1, and IL-6-related polymorphisms were studied with an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. One hundred and thirteen patients diagnosed with SIRS whose sequential organ failure assessment scores were > or =5 at the time when their daily measured IL-6 blood level peaked during the ICU stay (IL-6 max) were examined.