Measures of Perceived Neighborhood Food Environments and Dietary Habits: A Systematic Review of Methods and Associations.

Access to healthy food is a necessity for all people. However, there is still a lack of reviews on the assessment of respondent-based measures of neighborhood food environments (perceived food environments). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the measurement tools for perceived food environments by five dimensions of food access and to obtain the overview of their associations with dietary habits among people aged 18 years and older in middle- and high-income countries.

[Public health nurses' activities during normal times and factors associated with their promotion of residents' mutual support during disasters].

Objective　To clarify the actual state of activities conducted by public health nurses (PHNs) during normal times and assess factors related to the implementation of such activities for the promotion of residents' mutual support during disasters, across different municipalities in Japan.Methods　We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional self-report questionnaire survey of PHNs in 1,463 municipalities. The questionnaires included descriptions of municipalities, activities related to disaster prevention and the rationale for them, and the details of activities that were being conducted to promote residents' mutual support in times of disaster.

Feasibility of an educational program for public health nurses to promote local healthcare planning: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Promoting of local healthcare planning is crucial for assisting public health nurses in improving community health inequities. However, there is no effective educational program for developing relevant skills and knowledge among these nurses. Therefore, this study aims to assess the feasibility of a newly developed web-based self-learning program to promote the involvement of public health nurses in the local healthcare planning process.

DRD2 Taq1A Polymorphism-Related Brain Volume Changes in Parkinson's Disease: Voxel-Based Morphometry.

Taq1A polymorphism is a DRD2 gene variant located in an exon of the ANKK1 gene and has an important role in the brain's dopaminergic functions. Some studies have indicated that A1 carriers have an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) and show poorer clinical performance than A2 homo carriers. Previous studies have suggested that A1 carriers had fewer dopamine D2 receptors in the caudate and increased cortical activity as a compensatory mechanism.

Relationship between the vividness of motor imagery and physical function in patients with subacute hemiplegic stroke: a cross-sectional preliminary study.

Purpose: The study aimed to clarify whether the vividness of motor imagery is related to lower limb function and walking ability in patients with hemiplegic stroke.

Materials And Methods: The study was a cross-sectional preliminary study. The subjects were 15 patients with hemiplegic stroke.

Effects of C-factor on dentin bonding using various adhesive systems.

Aims And Background: This study evaluated the effect of C-factor on the bond strength of a resin composite to floor and wall dentin using various adhesive systems.

Materials And Methods: Four dentin substrates (flat wall, flat floor, cavity wall, or cavity floor) were prepared on human molars. Each specimen was restored with one of three adhesives; Clearfil SE Bond, Single Bond, or Clearfil tri-S Bond followed by buildup or filling using Z100 resin composite.

Dopaminergic Correlates of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Parkinsonian Disorders.

Background: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and dopamine transporter (DAT) images are clinically used for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the correlation of CBF with striatal DAT in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) and evaluate the diagnostic power of DAT-correlated CBF in PD through machine learning with each imaging modality alone or in combination.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients with PD and 71 with APS (24 with multiple system atrophy, 21 with progressive supranuclear palsy, and 26 with corticobasal syndrome) underwent I-IMP and I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography.

Temporal Changes in Brain Perfusion in a Patient with Myoclonus and Ataxia Syndrome Associated with COVID-19.

Myoclonus and ataxia, with or without opsoclonus, have recently been recognized as a central nervous system syndrome associated with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). A 52-year-old Japanese man developed myoclonus and ataxia 16 days after the onset of COVID-19. Brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed hyperperfusion in the cerebellum and hypoperfusion in the cerebral cortices with frontal predominance during the acute stage, which improved over two months.

Effects of visual-motor illusion in stroke hemiplegic patients with left-side personal neglect: A report of two cases.

Personal neglect is the neglect of self-body space, which often occurs in patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN), but lacks a dedicated rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual-motor illusion (VMI) on two-stroke hemiplegic patients with left-side personal neglect. Case 1 was a 53-year-old man diagnosed with a right lenticulostriate artery infarction.

Correction to: Metabolic surgery in treatment of obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a joint consensus statement from the Japanese Society for Treatment of Obesity, the Japan Diabetes Society, and the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00551-0.].

Correction to: Metabolic surgery in treatment of obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a joint consensus statement from the Japanese Society for Treatment of Obesity, the Japan Diabetes Society, and the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00551-0.].

Effects of kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation on the ankle joint for sit-to-stand in a hemiparesis stroke patient: ABA' single-case design.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation to the paralyzed side ankle joint on the sit-to-stand of a hemiparesis stroke patient. [Participant and Methods] A 33-year-old male with left hemiparesis due to a right putamen hemorrhage participated. This study used the ABA' single-case design.

An assessment of implementation gaps and priority recommendations on food environment policies: the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index in Japan.

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate policies and actions for food environments by the Japanese Government using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI).

Design: Public health experts rated the extent of implementation of food environment-related Policy and the Infrastructure-support components, compared with international best practices. Subsequently, the experts proposed and prioritised future actions to address implementation gaps in an online workshop.

Walking through an aperture while penetrating from the paretic side improves safety managing the paretic side for individuals with stroke who had previous falls.

Background: Safety management of the paretic side of the body is critical for individuals with stroke. We previously reported that individuals with stroke who walk through an aperture while penetrating from the paretic side had fewer collisions with the frame of an aperture than did those penetrating from the non-paretic side. We observed spontaneous behavior of collision avoidance in our previous study; this study thus used penetration from the paretic and non-paretic sides as independent variables to confirm the usefulness of penetrating from the paretic side.

Metabolic surgery in treatment of obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a joint consensus statement from the Japanese Society for Treatment of Obesity, the Japan Diabetes Society, and the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity.

Unlabelled: Bariatric surgery has been shown to have a variety of metabolically beneficial effects for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and is now also called metabolic surgery. At the 2nd Diabetes Surgery Summit held in 2015 in London, the indication for bariatric and metabolic surgery was included in the "algorithm for patients with type T2D". With this background, the Japanese Society for Treatment of Obesity (JSTO), the Japan Diabetes Society (JDS) and the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity (JASSO) have formed a joint committee to develop a consensus statement regarding bariatric and metabolic surgery for the treatment of Japanese patients with T2D.

Pareidolia in Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy.

Pareidolia is a visual illusion of meaningful objects that arise from ambiguous forms embedded in visual scenes. Previous studies showed that pareidolias are frequently observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as dementia with Lewy bodies. However, whether pareidolias are useful for differentiating PD from other neurodegenerative parkinsonism disorders including multiple system atrophy (MSA) is unclear.

[Factors associated with community collaboration in the implementation phase of the local health-care, medical, and welfare plan].

Objective　The aim of this study was to elucidate the status of health-care, medical, and welfare planning (hereafter, "planning")-in which public health nurses (PHNs) had participated-and the factors associated with community collaboration in the implementation phase. Additionally, suggestions regarding health activities that would contribute to improving the entire community's health level were obtained.Methods　The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle was the conceptual framework for this study, and the focus was the implementation phase of the plan (i.

Effect of Conventional Medical Therapy or Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Urinary Albumin in Japanese Subjects with Severe Obesity: An Observational Study.

Introduction: In patients with severe obesity, albuminuria can be improved by both conventional medical therapy and bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of weight loss achieved through conventional medical therapy or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on albuminuria in Japanese subjects with severe obesity and identify the factors involved.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics including the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) of 340 consecutive subjects with a body mass index ≥35 who received LSG (n = 242) or medical therapy (n = 98) between 2010 and 2018 and were followed for at least 12 months.

The Relationship between Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels and Body Composition Changes after Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Introduction: We previously reported that preoperative serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a predictor of total weight loss percentage (%TWL) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). IGF-1 may suppress muscle loss after surgery. IGF-1 almost accurately reflects the growth hormone (GH) secretion status, and GH has lipolytic effects.

Decreased Triglyceride and Increased Serum Lipoprotein Lipase Levels Are Correlated to Increased High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Introduction: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) significantly increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in pre-heparin serum (pre-heparin LPL levels). LPL is a regulator of serum triglyceride (TG) and HDL-C production; this may be the mechanism for HDL-C increase after LSG. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of increase in HDL-C levels by examining the relationship between changes in serum HDL-C levels and LPL after LSG.

Association of Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase with Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes with Liver Dysfunction.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress, which is a causative factor in insulin resistance, leads to atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and is related to oxidative stress.

Relation of Maximum Lifetime Body Mass Index with Age at Hemodialysis Initiation and Vascular Complications in Japan.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the maximum lifetime body mass index (max BMI) with hemodialysis initiation and comorbidities in Japanese hemodialysis patients.

Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study on 724 hemodialysis patients, max BMI, age at hemodialysis initiation, and comorbidities including sleep apnea syndrome, cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were analyzed. Early hemodialysis initiation was defined as age <50 years.