High-Pressure Neutron Diffraction Study on ε-FeOOH: The Spin-Reorientation Transition and Hydrogen-Bond Symmetrization.

The compression behavior of iron oxyhydroxide ε-FeOOH is complex, with variations in its magnetic property and bonding character. In this study, in situ powder neutron diffraction experiments were conducted on ε-FeOOH and ε-FeOOD up to pressures exceeding 20 GPa to investigate a spin-reorientation (spin-flop) transition, hydrogen-bond (H-bond) symmetrization, and their correlation. The magnetic transition was observed at 8 GPa in both ε-FeOOH and ε-FeOOD.

Premovement neuronal activity in the primary motor cortex is associated with the initiation of ipsilateral hand movements in monkeys.

The primary motor cortex (M1) is believed to be a cortical center for the execution of limb movements. Although M1 neurons mainly project to the spinal cord on the contralateral side, some M1 neurons project to the ipsilateral side via the uncrossed corticospinal pathway. Moreover, some M1 neurons are activated during ipsilateral forelimb movements.

Food properties modulate activities in posterior parietal and visual cortex during chewing.

Cross-modal interactions between sensory modalities may be necessary for recognition of chewing food by the invisible oral cavity to avoid damaging the tongue and/or oral mucosa. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate whether the food properties hardness and size influence activities in the posterior parietal cortex and visual cortex during chewing performance in healthy individuals. It was found that an increase in food hardness enhanced both posterior parietal cortex and visual cortex activities, while an increase in food size enhanced activities in the same regions.

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Classes in MASK-air Users.

Background And Objectives: The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines classify rhinitis as "intermittent" or "persistent" and "mild" or "moderate-severe". To assess ARIA classes in a real-world study in terms of phenotypic differences and their association with asthma.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional real-world study based on users of the MASK-air® app who reported data for at least 3 different months.

Association Between the Community Gatherings Places and the Kihon Checklist Score: JAGES Longitudinal Study.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the number of program types and CGA in community gathering places to gain valid insights into the provision of programs in community gathering places. The study is longitudinal in nature and uses prospective cohort data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. The participants were 8758 older adults recruited from 28 cities and towns.

Reproductive and Hormonal Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Given the female predominance of thyroid cancer (TC), particularly in the reproductive age range, female sex hormones have been proposed as an aetiology; however, previous epidemiological studies have shown conflicting results. We conducted a pooled analysis using individual data from 9 prospective cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium, to explore the association between 10 female reproductive and hormonal factors and TC risk. Using Cox proportional hazards models, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and then pooled using a random-effects model.

Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment.

Cancer cells in the tumour microenvironment use various mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly T cell attack. For example, metabolic reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) impair antitumour immune responses. However, detailed mechanisms of such processes remain unclear.

Frequency of anti-IgLON5 disease in patients with a typical clinical presentation of progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal syndrome.

Serum anti-IgLON5 antibodies, which were tested in 223 patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal syndrome (PSP/CBS), were negative in all patients. Our study suggests that the frequency of anti-IgLON5 disease is extremely rare in patients with typical presentation of PSP/CBS.

Preparation of a Stable Indomethacin Supersaturated Solution Using Hydrophobically Modified Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and α-Cyclodextrin.

In the present study, the stability of a supersaturated solution of indomethacin (IM) was evaluated in hydrophobically modified hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HM-HPMC) solutions, with and without parent cyclodextrins (CDs). A highly supersaturated state of IM was maintained in the HM-HPMC solution and was further stabilized by the addition of α-CD and β-CD. Notably, the highest level of supersaturation was achieved in HM-HPMC/α-CD solution, which maintained a high concentration of IM for up to 120 h.

Excimer LASER coronary atherectomy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from a multicenter registry.

Background: Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) is used for thrombotic culprit lesions in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but its effectiveness is still unclear.

Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention within 24 h of onset were retrospectively investigated. Patients were divided into ELCA and non-ELCA groups.

Monolithic U-shaped crystal design for TOF-DOI detectors: a flat top vs. a tapered top.

For brain-dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) scanners, depth-of-interaction (DOI) information is essential to achieve uniform spatial resolution across the field-of-view (FOV) by minimizing parallax error. Time-of-flight (TOF) information can enhance the image quality. In this study, we proposed a novel monolithic U-shaped crystal design that had a tapered geometry to achieve good coincidence timing resolution (CTR) and DOI resolution simultaneously.

Insights into balloon pulmonary angioplasty and the WHO functional class of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients: findings from the CTEPH AC registry.

Advances in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) treatment have improved prognosis, shifting focus towards symptom management. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) in CTEPH patients. The CTEPH AC registry is a prospective, multicenter database from 35 Japanese institutions, analyzing data from August 2018 to July 2023.

Intercellular mRNA transfer alters the human pluripotent stem cell state.

Intercellular transmission of messenger RNA (mRNA) is being explored in mammalian species using immortal cell lines. Here, we uncover an intercellular mRNA transfer phenomenon that allows for the adaptation and reprogramming of human primed pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). This process is induced by the direct cell contact-mediated coculture with mouse embryonic stem cells under the condition impermissible for primed hPSC culture.

Robust circulating microRNA signature for the diagnosis and early detection of pancreatobiliary cancer.

Background: A new circulating biomarker superior to carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is needed for diagnosing pancreatobiliary cancer (PBca). The aim of this study was to identify serum microRNA (miRNA) signatures comprising reproducible and disease-related miRNAs.

Methods: This multicenter study involved patients with treatment-naïve PBca and healthy participants.

Polymorphism and magnetism in a Kitaev honeycomb cobaltate KCoAsO.

We report the synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of a new Kitaev honeycomb cobaltate, KCoAsO, which crystallizes in two distinct forms: P2/c and R[Formula: see text] space groups. Magnetic measurements reveal ordering temperatures of ~ 14 K for the P2/c structure and ~ 10.5 K for the R[Formula: see text] structure.

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Anatomic Pathology.

Context.—: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various fields, including anatomic pathology, where it offers the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and research capabilities.

Objective.

Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-fluorobenzofurans with arylboronic acids via aromatic C-F bond activation.

2-Fluorobenzofurans underwent efficient nickel-catalyzed coupling with arylboronic acids through the activation of aromatic C-F bonds. This method allowed us to successfully synthesize a range of 2-arylbenzofurans with various substituents. The reaction, which proceeded under mild conditions, involved β-fluorine elimination from nickelacyclopropanes formed by the interaction of 2-fluorobenzofurans with zero-valent nickel species.

Quality indicators of supportive care for patients with cancer undergoing treatment: a systematic review.

Background: Patients need to be supported in combining treatment with daily life. However, measurement of supportive care indicators related to treatment-related side effects is under-reported. This review aimed to identify a list of quality indicators for managing cancer treatment-induced toxicities for adult patients with cancer.

Correlation between preoperative aqueous cytokine levels and mid-term corneal endothelial cell loss following penetrating keratoplasty.

Objective: To investigate the association between preoperative aqueous humour (AqH) cytokines and mid-term endothelial cell density (ECD) following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).

Methods: This study analysed a total of 87 eyes of which 54 underwent PKP and 33 eyes underwent cataract surgery. AqH samples were collected at the beginning of surgery.

The structure and function of the ghrelin receptor coding for drug actions.

Drugs targeting the ghrelin receptor hold therapeutic potential in anorexia, obesity and diabetes. However, developing effective drugs is challenging. To tackle this common issue across a broad drug target, this study aims to understand how anamorelin, the only approved drug targeting the ghrelin receptor, operates compared to other synthetic drugs.

Synephrine Inhibits Oxidative Stress and HO-Induced Premature Senescence.

Synephrine, a protoalkaloid found in Citrus aurantium (CA) peels, exerts lipolytic, anti-inflammatory, and vasoconstrictive effects; however, its antioxidant activity remains unclear. In this study, electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed that synephrine scavenged both hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Several external stimuli, such as HO, X-rays, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, cause stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS).

Hayai-Annotation: A functional gene prediction tool that integrates orthologs and gene ontology for network analysis in plant species.

Hayai-Annotation, an annotation tool powered by the R-shinydashboard browser interface, implements a workflow that integrates sequence alignment using DIAMOND against UniProtKB Plants and ortholog inference using OrthoLoger. We here propose a pipeline to explore genome evolution and adaptation from a different perspective, by creating a network considering orthologs and gene ontology as nodes, with edges based on the annotation for each gene. This approach aims to improve the visualization of conserved biological processes and functions, highlight species-specific adaptations, and enhance the ability to infer the functions of uncharacterized genes by comparing edge patterns across species.

Site-specific DNA demethylation during spermatogenesis presets the sites of nucleosome retention in mouse sperm.

DNA methylation patterns are inherited from the parental germline to the embryo. In mature sperm, the sites of unmethylated DNA are tightly coupled to sites of histone retention at gene regulatory elements that are implicated in paternal epigenetic inheritance. The timing and mechanism of site-specific DNA demethylation in the male germline currently remains unknown.

Super-competition as a Novel Mechanism of the Dose-rate Effect in Radiation Carcinogenesis: A Mathematical Model Study.

Data from animal experiments show that the radiation-related risk of cancer decreases if the dose rate is reduced, even though the cumulative dose is unchanged (i.e., a dose-rate effect); however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood.