Understanding the Reactivity of "Naked" Acyclic Carbene-like Species Featuring a Group 13 Element in the [4+1] Cycloaddition with Benzene.

The chemical reactivity between benzene and the "naked" acyclic carbene-like (G13X) species, having two bulky N-heterocyclic boryloxy ligands at the Group 13 center, was theoretically assessed using density functional theory computations. Our theoretical studies show that (BX) preferentially undergoes C-H bond insertion with benzene, both kinetically and thermodynamically, whereas the (AlX) analogue favors a reversible [4 + 1] cycloaddition. Conversely, the heavier carbene analogues ((GaX), (InX), and (TlX)) are not expected to engage in a reaction with benzene.

C9ORF72 poly-PR induces TDP-43 nuclear condensation via NEAT1 and is modulated by HSP70 activity.

The toxicity of C9ORF72-encoded polyproline-arginine (poly-PR) dipeptide is associated with its ability to disrupt the liquid-liquid phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins participating in the formation of membraneless organelles, such as the nucleolus and paraspeckles. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) also undergoes phase separation to form nuclear condensates (NCs) in response to stress. However, whether poly-PR alters the nuclear condensation of TDP-43 in ALS remains unclear.

Evaluation of the application of wild yeasts in inhibiting germination of ochratoxin-producing Fungi during coffee fermentation process.

Specialty coffee, typically lightly roasted, is valued for its unique fruity aroma. However, the fermentation process poses a risk of contamination with ochratoxin-producing fungi. This study aimed to select wild yeast strains capable of contributing distinctive flavor profiles while inhibiting the growth of ochratoxin-producing fungi.

First report of hop stunt viroid infecting luffa and cantaloupe in Taiwan.

Luffa (Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem.

Transcriptomic data integration and analysis revealing potential mechanisms of doxorubicin resistance in chondrosarcoma cells.

Chondrosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that originates from cartilage cells. In clinical practice, surgical resection is the primary treatment for chondrosarcoma, but chemotherapy becomes essential for patients with metastasis or tumors in surgically inaccessible sites. However, drug resistance often leads to treatment failure.

Copper(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Tandem Acylation/-Arylation under Mild Conditions: Synthesis of Benzofuro[3,2-]quinolin-6(5)-ones and G-Quadruplex-Targeting Analogues.

This paper presents a copper(I)-catalyzed intramolecular tandem acylation/-arylation of methyl 2-[2-(2-bromophenyl)acetamido]benzoates for the synthesis of benzofuro[3,2-]quinolin-6(5)-ones under mild conditions. The combination of CuI, 1,10-phenanthroline, and KCO in DMSO was found to be the optimal reaction condition, producing the target products in high yields (84-99%) at 70 °C for 16 h. The tandem reaction was applicable to substrates bearing halo, electron-withdrawing, and electron-donating groups at their phenyl moieties with a broad substrate scope.

Microbial Dysbiosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Pilot Study on Biomarker Potential.

Importance: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely linked to microorganisms, especially intra-tumoral microbiota. However, the role of commensal microbiota in NPC remains underexplored, with implications for understanding disease mechanisms.

Objective: This study aims to analyze and compare the bacterial microbiota in the nasopharynx and middle meatus (MM) of individuals with NPC and those without NPC.

Photochemical oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in the presence of Fe(III): Influence of Fe(III) concentration and UV wavelength.

The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is key to lowering environmental toxicity and mobility, but the reverse process remains less understood. We investigated Cr(III) oxidation mechanisms across various pH levels and light wavelengths (185, 254, and 358 nm) in the presence of Fe(III). At pH 3.

PtrA, Piz-t, and a novel minor-effect QTL (qBR12_3.3-4.4) collectively contribute to the durable blast-resistance of rice cultivar Tainung 84.

Background: Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae is a major threat to rice production worldwide. Tainung 84 (TNG84) is an elite japonica rice cultivar developed through the traditional pedigree method. It has maintained superior blast resistance since its release in 2010.

Optimization of Metal Injection Molding Processing Conditions for Reducing Black Lines and Meld Lines in Bone Plates.

The bone plates used in surgery to assist in fracture healing are often manufactured by metal injection molding (MIM) using a feedstock material consisting of metal powder and polymer binder. However, if the local powder concentration is too low or uneven, black lines may be formed, which impair the product appearance. Furthermore, if the melding temperature is too low, it can lead to meld lines and reduced mechanical properties.

Effects of Eccentric Exercise of the Extensors on Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage of the Flexors in Limbs.

Introduction: We tested the hypothesis that muscle damage protection effect would be induced by its antagonist muscle eccentric exercise.

Methods: Sedentary young (20-28y) men were randomly assigned into six groups; three groups each for arm or leg exercise group (n = 12/group). One group performed two bouts of 30 maximal eccentric contractions (30MaxEC) of the elbow flexors (EF) or 60 maximal eccentric contractions (60MaxEC) of the knee flexors (KF) using a different arm (contra-EF-EF) or leg (contra-KF-KF) between bouts.

High-Sensitivity Electrical Admittance Sensor with Regression Analysis for Measuring Mixed Electrolyte Concentrations.

Electrolyte balance is essential for the proper functioning of the body, and imbalances can lead to various health issues, some of which may be life-threatening. Therefore, measuring electrolyte concentrations is becoming increasingly important, particularly for athletes engaged in high-intensity and prolonged physical activity. In this project, we developed a highly sensitive sensing device capable of accurately and rapidly measuring electrolyte concentrations in mixed solutions, providing precise analysis of trace electrolyte levels.

Decoding the Impact of a Bacterial Strain of on Growth and Stress Tolerance.

Microbes produce various bioactive metabolites that can influence plant growth and stress tolerance. In this study, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), strain S14, was identified as (designated as MlS14) using de novo whole-genome assembly. The MlS14 genome revealed major gene clusters for the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), terpenoids, and carotenoids.

An Improved RNA Extraction Method for Octocorals and Its Application in Transcriptome Analysis of Dark-Induced Bleaching Octocoral.

Octocorals, vital components of reef ecosystems, inhabit various marine environments across diverse climate zones, spanning from tropical shallows to frigid deep-sea regions. Certain octocoral species, notably Lobophytum and Sinularia, are particularly intriguing due to their production of diverse metabolites, warranting continuous investigation. Although octocorals played the roles in coral ecosystems, the studies are rare in comparison to scleractinian corals, especially in transcriptomic and genomic data.

Examining the reactivity of oxygen-bridged intramolecular group 13 element/phosphorus and boron/group 15 element frustrated Lewis pairs in 1,2-addition reactions with CS.

The 1,2-addition reactions involving CS and oxygen-bridged intramolecular G13/P-based (G13 = group 13 element) and B/G15-based (G15 = group 15 element) frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have been theoretically analyzed through density functional theory (DFT). Our DFT calculations suggest that of the nine FLP-assisted compounds, only B/P-Rea, Al/P-Rea, Ga/P-Rea, and In/P-Rea can kinetically and thermodynamically initiate energetically favorable 1,2-addition reactions with CS, forming five-membered heterocyclic adducts. Our findings from the activation strain model suggest that the atomic radius of the Lewis acceptor (G13) and donor (G15) is critical in setting the barrier heights needed for optimal orbital interactions between G13/P-Rea, B/G15-Rea, and CS.

Comparative genomic analysis uncovered phylogenetic diversity, evolution of virulence factors, and horizontal gene transfer events in tomato bacterial spot .

Introduction: Bacterial spot, caused by diverse xanthomonads classified into four lineages within three species, poses a significant threat to global pepper and tomato production. In Taiwan, tomato bacterial spot xanthomonads phylogenetically related to an atypical pv. () strain NI1 from Nigeria were found.

A new species of (, ) from Taiwan.

sp. nov. is described from decaying wood submerged in a freshwater stream in Taiwan.

REDalign: accurate RNA structural alignment using residual encoder-decoder network.

Background: RNA secondary structural alignment serves as a foundational procedure in identifying conserved structural motifs among RNA sequences, crucially advancing our understanding of novel RNAs via comparative genomic analysis. While various computational strategies for RNA structural alignment exist, they often come with high computational complexity. Specifically, when addressing a set of RNAs with unknown structures, the task of simultaneously predicting their consensus secondary structure and determining the optimal sequence alignment requires an overwhelming computational effort of for each RNA pair.

Very Low-Intensity Ultrasound Facilitates Glymphatic Influx and Clearance via Modulation of the TRPV4-AQP4 Pathway.

Recently, the glymphatic system has been proposed as a mechanism for waste clearance from the brain parenchyma. Glymphatic dysfunction has previously been shown to be associated with several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. As such, it may serve as an important target for therapeutic interventions.