Endoscopic assessment of gastric emptying in older adults after preoperative administration of 5% glucose solution: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Delayed gastric emptying of liquids may heighten the risk of aspiration reflux in elderly individuals. To investigate the gastric emptying of an oral supplement containing 5% dextrose solutions before sedation for gastroscopy.

Patients And Methods: A total of 100 elderly patients who were scheduled for elective gastroscopy were randomly assigned to two groups: the NPO(nil per os ) group and the dextrose solution ingestion group, which ingested a 5% dextrose solution (5 ml/kg) two hours before the procedure.

Development and validation of a LASSO prediction model for cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity: a case-control study in China.

Background: Early identification of high-risk individuals with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) is crucial for avoiding CIN and improving prognosis. In this study, we developed and validated a CIN prediction model based on general clinical data, laboratory indications, and genetic features of lung cancer patients before chemotherapy.

Methods: We retrospectively included 696 lung cancer patients using platinum chemotherapy regimens from June 2019 to June 2021 as the traing set to construct a predictive model using Absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, cross validation, and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) to select important variables.

Post-marketing risk analysis of bendamustine: a real-world approach based on the FAERS database.

Bendamustine was approved for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite its therapeutic benefits, the long-term safety of bendamustine in a large population remains inadequately understood. This study evaluates the adverse events (AEs) associated with bendamustine, using a real-world pharmacovigilance database to support its clinical application.

Subdural effusion associated with COVID-19 encephalopathy: A case report.

Background: The precise mechanism by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impacts the central nervous system remains unclear, with manifestations spanning from mild symptoms ( olfactory and gustatory deficits, hallucinations, and headache) to severe complications ( stroke, seizures, encephalitis, and neurally demyelinating lesions). The occurrence of single-pass subdural effusion, as described below, is extremely rare.

Case Summary: A 56-year-old male patient presented with left-sided limb weakness and slurred speech as predominant clinical symptoms.

Fabrication of polymeric microspheres for biomedical applications.

Polymeric microspheres (PMs) have attracted great attention in the field of biomedicine in the last several decades due to their small particle size, special functionalities shown on the surface and high surface-to-volume ratio. However, how to fabricate PMs which can meet the clinical needs and transform laboratory achievements to industrial scale-up still remains a challenge. Therefore, advanced fabrication technologies are pursued.

Tocilizumab Successfully Treating Refractory Hearing Impairment in a Patient With Cogan Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Cogan syndrome (CS) is a rare systemic vasculitis characterized primarily by nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and vestibular and auditory dysfunction. In this article, we report the case of a 31-year-old male diagnosed with CS for 1 year. He was admitted to the hospital with fever, dizziness, headache, tinnitus, and hearing loss.

First-line treatment of driver gene-negative metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with malignant pleural effusion: Should chemotherapy be combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor or bevacizumab?

Patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (MLA) and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) without driver gene mutations have a poor prognosis. None of the standard treatment strategies is recommended for such patients. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of the first-line treatment for this specific population: standard platinum-based doublet chemotherapy (CT), CT plus an immune checkpoint inhibitor (CT plus ICI), and CT plus bevacizumab (CT plus Bev).

Superhydrophobic Surface-Assisted Preparation of Microspheres and Supraparticles and Their Applications.

Superhydrophobic surface (SHS) has been well developed, as SHS renders the property of minimizing the water/solid contact interface. Water droplets deposited onto SHS with contact angles exceeding 150°, allow them to retain spherical shapes, and the low adhesion of SHS facilitates easy droplet collection when tilting the substrate. These characteristics make SHS suitable for a wide range of applications.

Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2B6 is a risk of metabolic associated fatty liver disease in Chinese population.

Background: The expression and activity of cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) may be related to the metabolic associated fat liver disease (MAFLD). Since constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a classic transcriptional regulator of CYP2B6, and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP2B6 and CAR are both associated with adverse reactions of efavirenz, we hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms of CAR might also result in additional interindividual variability in CYP2B6. This study was devoted to explore the association between CYP2B6 and CAR SNPs and susceptibility to MAFLD.

TRPA1 promotes cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury via regulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mitochondrial damage.

Background: Cisplatin is a widely used and effective chemotherapeutic agent against cancer. However, nephrotoxicity is one of the most common side effects of cisplatin, and it can proceed to acute kidney injury (AKI). Studies have reported that activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) mediates cisplatin-induced renal tubular cytotoxic injury.

Clinical efficacy and safety of rimegepant in the treatment of migraine: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of rimegepant for the treatment of migraine in adult patients using a meta-analysis.

Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched up to March 2022. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated migraine and other comparator treatments in adult patients were included.

How do primary hospitals enact early response to the relaxation of COVID-19 prevention and control measures? the experience from Chengdu, China.

Due to the highly contagious nature of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 and its subvariants, a high rate of transmission was observed throughout Chengdu, China, within 2 weeks of the relaxation of COVID-19 measures on December 3, 2022, particularly in hospitals. Hospitals experienced different degrees of medical overcrowding during the first 2 weeks, with a high patient volume in the emergency departments and a significant lack of beds in the medical wards, particularly in the respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) and ICU. The authors' place of employment, Chengdu Jinniu District People's Hospital, is a tertiary B-level public hospital situated in the Jinniu District in northwest Chengdu.

Uncertain resection of highest mediastinal lymph node positive among pN2 non-small cell lung cancer patients: survival analysis of postoperative radiotherapy and driver gene mutations.

Background And Purpose: The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in uncertain resection of pN2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with highest mediastinal lymph node positive has not been determined. We aim to evaluate the effect of PORT and driver gene mutation status (DGMS) on survival in such patients.

Methods: 140 selected patients were grouped according to whether they received PORT and their DGMS.

Impact of antibiotic use before definitive concurrent chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: This study evaluated whether antibiotic treatment before chemoradiotherapy influenced outcomes in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC).

Methods: The records of LA-NSCLC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy between 2010 and 2017 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University were retrospectively examined together with their antibiotic use (antibiotic type, duration of treatment, and time between discontinuation and chemoradiotherapy). The influence of antibiotics on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox regression.

Combined electronic medical records and gene polymorphism characteristics to establish an anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatic injury (ATDH) prediction model and evaluate the prediction value.

Background: Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatic injury (ATDH) lacks specific diagnostic markers. The characteristics of gene polymorphisms have been preliminarily used for the risk classification of ATDH, and the activation of Pregnane X receptor/aminole-vulinic synthase-1/forkhead box O1 (PXR/ALAS1/FOXO1) axis is closely related to ATDH. Therefore, we consider combining general clinical features of the electronic medical record, laboratory indications, and genetic features of key genes in this axis for predictive model construction to help early clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Application of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rank 6 and 4, respectively, among malignant tumors worldwide. Traditional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) uses the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained by applying the monoexponential model to reflect water molecule diffusion in active tissue; however, the value of ADC is affected by microcirculation perfusion. Using a biexponential model, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-DWI quantitatively measures information related to pure water molecule diffusion and microcirculation perfusion, thus compensating for the shortcomings of DWI.

Bioinformatics Analysis of Inflammation Gene Signature in Indicating Cholangiocarcinoma Prognosis.

Aim: We studied inflammatory response-related genes in cholangiocarcinoma by bioinformatics analysis.

Methods: The expression profiles and clinical information of cholangiocarcinoma patients were downloaded from the TCGA cohort and the Gene Expression Omnibus. The greatest absolute shrinking and selecting operator Cox analyses were utilized to build a multigene predictive signature.

Induction versus adjuvant chemotherapy combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Currently available evidence favors the combination of chemotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). However, the optimal timing for additional chemotherapy is unclear. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (IC+CCRT) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy (CCRT+AC).

The impact of antibiotic selection and interval time among advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving prior antibacterial treatment and first-line chemotherapy.

Background: To determine whether antibiotic use before chemotherapy is associated with chemotherapy responses and patient outcomes among NSCLC patients and define the optimal interval between chemotherapy initiation and antibiotic treatment.

Materials And Methods: One thousand four hundred and four advanced NSCLC patients receiving first-line platinum-based doublets therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier curve evaluated the impact of antibiotic use and type of antibiotics on the survival of patients.

Does a single dose of palonosetron have any role in preventing acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric osteosarcoma patients without dexamethasone? A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a troublesome side-effect of chemotherapy in pediatric patients undergoing osteosarcoma treatment. In this context, the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists needs to be explored.

Objectives: To evaluate the superiority of single-dose palonosetron over granisetron in pediatric patients undergoing highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) for osteosarcoma.

Functional New Transcription Factors (TFs) Associated with Cervical Cancer.

The goal of this research was to find noval transcription factors (TFs) that are involved in cervical carcinogenesis. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized to analyze ten cervical cancer datasets using the Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) technique. Survival and differential expression were validated using GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis).

Anti-Biofouling Polymers with Special Surface Wettability for Biomedical Applications.

The use of anti-biofouling polymers has widespread potential for counteracting marine, medical, and industrial biofouling. The anti-biofouling action is usually related to the degree of surface wettability. This review is focusing on anti-biofouling polymers with special surface wettability, and it will provide a new perspective to promote the development of anti-biofouling polymers for biomedical applications.