Practice Guidelines for Primary Care of Acute Abdomen 2015.

Since acute abdomen requires accurate diagnosis and treatment within a particular time limit to prevent mortality, the Japanese Society for Abdominal Emergency Medicine, in collaboration with four other medical societies, launched the Practice Guidelines for Primary Care of Acute Abdomen that were the first English guidelines in the world for the management of acute abdomen. Here we provide the highlights of these guidelines (all clinical questions and recommendations were shown in supplementary information). A systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the evidence for epidemiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and primary treatment for acute abdomen was performed to develop the Practice Guidelines for Primary Care of Acute Abdomen 2015.

The Practice Guidelines for Primary Care of Acute Abdomen 2015.

Background: Since acute abdomen requires accurate diagnosis and treatment within a particular time limit to prevent mortality, the Japanese Society for Abdominal Emergency Medicine in collaboration with four other medical societies launched the Practice Guidelines for Primary Care of Acute Abdomen that were the first English guidelines in the world for the management of acute abdomen. Here we provide the highlights of these guidelines [all clinical questions (CQs) and recommendations are shown in supplementary information].

Methods: A systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the evidence for epidemiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and primary treatment for acute abdomen was performed to develop the Practice Guidelines for Primary Care of Acute Abdomen 2015.

Novel identification of the free fatty acid receptor FFAR1 that promotes contraction in airway smooth muscle.

Obesity is one of the major risk factors for asthma. Previous studies have demonstrated that free fatty acid levels are elevated in the plasma of obese individuals. Medium- and long-chain free fatty acids act as endogenous ligands for the free fatty acid receptors FFAR1/GPR40 and FFAR4/GPR120, which couple to Gq proteins.

Factors Influencing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Identifying the Histologic Type of Non--Small-Lung Cancer With Small Samples.

Background: The pathologic diagnosis has become a greater consideration in decision-making regarding the treatment options for lung cancer. Therefore, the accurate diagnosis of the tumor histologic type is essential, even when only small biopsy or cytology samples are available. However, the risk of a misdiagnosis with smaller biopsy samples is greater.

Prediction of proximal femur strength by a quantitative computed tomography-based finite element method--Creation of predicted strength data of the proximal femur according to age range in a normal population.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that affect the predicted bone strength of proximal femur in Japanese population.

Methods: Participants (552 men and 273 women) in a health checkup program with computed tomography (CT) at the University of Tokyo Hospital were enrolled in this study. Three-dimensional finite element models of the proximal femur were constructed from CT data of the participants with simultaneous scans of a calibration phantom containing hydroxyapatite rods.

Revised Japanese guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis 2015: revised concepts and updated points.

Background: Taking together the recent dramatic changes of the revised Atlanta classification and evidence newly obtained such as the role of step-up approach for necrotizing pancreatitis, the revision committee of the Japanese (JPN) Guidelines 2015 was prompted to perform an extensive revision of the guidelines.

Methods: The JPN Guidelines 2015 was compared to the former edition 2010, and revision concepts and major revision points were reviewed. We compared the JPN 2015 with the other two guidelines, International Association of Pancreatology (IAP)/American Pancreas Association (APA) 2013 and American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) 2013, in order to clarify the distinct points.

Clinical usefulness of gefitinib for non-small-cell lung cancer with a double epidermal growth factor receptor mutation.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the pattern of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations affects sensitivity to gefitinib treatment. We investigated 44 surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens obtained between 2001 and 2012 at the Tokyo Medical University Hospital. The specimens were obtained from patients treated with gefitinib as 1st-, 2nd-, or 3rd-line therapy for postoperative recurrent NSCLC.

[Space flight/bedrest immobilization and bone. Assessment of mechanical stress of bone: quantitative computed tomography-based finite element method].

Fragility fractures are the most serious complication of osteoporosis and have been recognized as a major public health problem. It is essential to precisely quantify the stress or strength of the fragile bone in order to estimate the fracture risk and plan preventive interventions. Quantitative computed tomography-based finite element method (CT/FEM) could possibly achieve precise assessment of the strength of the bone of interest.

[Two cases of colorectal cancer presenting with periodic, transient elevation of serum iron after chemotherapy including irinotecan].

It is known that the serum iron level shows a transient elevation after chemotherapy in some cases; however, the cause of this phenomenon has not been clearly described. We report two cases of colorectal cancer whose serum iron level demonstrated recurrent elevation after administration of irinotecan as a second-line chemotherapy. The transferrin saturation rate showed marked elevation together with serum iron.

[A case of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with penicillin allergy successfully treated with levofloxacin, minomycin and rabeprazole].

A 52-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our Institute because of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma. Since she had a penicillin allergy, we could not eradicate H.

[A case of psuedocyst of the pancreas suspected to lung abscess].

A 83-year-old man visited a physician because of appetite loss. The chest X-ray film showed a cavity with air-fluids sign in the left lower lung field. He was admitted to our hospital for diagnosis of the cavity lesion on a suspicion of pulmonary abscess and pulmonary tuberculosis.