Voluntary drinking and hydration in non-acclimatized girls exercising in the heat.

The intent of this study was to assess the influence of drink flavor and composition on voluntary drinking and hydration status in girls exercising intermittently in the heat (35 +/- 1 degrees C, 45-50% relative humidity). Twelve physically active, nonacclimatized girls (9-12 years) performed three 3 h identical sessions, each consisting of four 20 min cycling bouts at 50% (VO(2max)), separated by 25 min of rest. One of the three beverages (chilled to 8-10 degrees C) was assigned to each session: unflavored water (W), grape-flavored water (FW) and grape-flavored water plus 6% carbohydrate and 18 mmol l(-1) NaCl (CNa).

Habitual physical activity levels are associated with biomechanical walking economy in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To evaluate in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy the relationship between habitual physical activity and biomechanical treadmill walking economy and whether treadmill belt speed or walking time affect economy.

Design: Physical activity was measured in 11 subjects (10.6-16.

Responses of children with cerebral palsy to arm-crank exercise in the heat.

Purpose: In response to passive heating, adults with hemispheric brain infarction demonstrate lower skin temperatures (Tsk) and higher sweating rates (SR) on the affected side. It is unknown whether children with similar conditions demonstrate a similar response and whether this response is advantageous to defending body temperature during exercise in the heat. The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) demonstrate less thermal strain than healthy peers during short (10 min each) bouts of arm cranking, a mode of exercise where metabolic rate can be matched between the two groups.

Repeated treadmill walks affect physiologic responses in children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: To determine whether physiologic responses during treadmill walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP) are affected by repeated walking bouts on different days, and whether effects are different at different speeds.

Methods: Three girls and five boys (9.2-15.

Substrate utilization in boys during exercise with [13C]-glucose ingestion.

The influence of glucose ingestion on substrate utilization during prolonged exercise in children and adolescents is currently unknown. In the present study we determined the effect of intermittent exogenous glucose (GLUexo) ingestion on substrate utilization during prolonged exercise, in adolescent boys ages 13 17 years. Healthy untrained volunteers performed four 30-min exercise bouts on a cycle ergometer, separated by 5-min rest periods (approximately equal to 60% maximum O2 consumption), on two occasions spaced 1-4 weeks apart.

The young athlete: some physiological considerations.

Child athletes have a low ability to generate high-intensity anaerobic power and their local muscular endurance is low compared with that of adult athletes. This is reflected in children's low performance in short and long sprints, jumps and throwing events. On the other hand, children achieve steady-state at the start of intense exercise and recover more quickly than adults following intense exercise.

Nutritional requirements of young soccer players.

The general dietary needs of the young soccer player appear to be similar to those of the adult soccer player. There are, however, several age- and maturation-related differences. Compared with adults, children's daily recommended protein intake (per kg body mass) is higher; during exercise, children's muscles rely more on fat than on carbohydrates, but it is not clear whether young soccer players need higher dietary fat; calculated per kg body mass, the metabolic demands of walking and running are considerably higher in children; and during dehydration, children's core temperature rises faster, which calls for stricter enforcement of hydration.