623 results match your criteria: "Charles University and Motol University Hospital[Affiliation]"

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a devastating and fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). CS can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications. The unique properties of cangrelor make it the optimal P2Y12 inhibitor for CS-AMI, in terms of both efficacy and safety.

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Long-term follow-up MR imaging in children with transverse myelitis.

Mult Scler Relat Disord

December 2024

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children´s Hospital Datteln, University Witten/Herdecke, Dr. Friedrich-Steiner Str. 5, Datteln D-45711, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how lesions in children with transverse myelitis (TM) resolve over time, focusing on different related diseases: MOG-antibody associated disorders (MOGAD), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and double seronegative TM.
  • A total of 78 children from various medical centers were assessed, and a grading system was used to measure the resolution of lesions over time.
  • Results showed that MOGAD had the fastest and most complete resolution of lesions, followed by double seronegative TM, MS, and NMOSD, with none of the NMOSD patients achieving complete resolution during the observation period.
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Response/recommendation: The use of surgical drains in routine primary total knee and total hip arthroplasty is not recommended.

Level Of Evidence: High.

Expert Voting: Agree 83.

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Aims: DNA methylation profiling, recently endorsed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a pivotal diagnostic tool for brain tumours, most commonly relies on bead arrays. Despite its widespread use, limited data exist on the technical reproducibility and potential cross-institutional differences. The LOGGIC Core BioClinical Data Bank registry conducted a prospective laboratory comparison trial with 12 international laboratories to enhance diagnostic accuracy for paediatric low-grade gliomas, focusing on technical aspects of DNA methylation data generation and profile interpretation under clinical real-time conditions.

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Background: Emerging evidence suggests that endovascular thrombectomy is beneficial for treatment of childhood stroke, but the safety and effectiveness of endovascular thrombectomy has not been compared with best medical treatment. We aimed to prospectively analyse functional outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy versus best medical treatment in children with intracranial arterial occlusion stroke.

Methods: In this prospective registry study, 45 centres in 12 countries across Asia and Australia, Europe, North America, and South America reported functional outcomes for children aged between 28 days and 18 years presenting with arterial ischaemic stroke caused by a large-vessel or medium-vessel occlusion who received either endovascular thrombectomy plus best medical practice or best medical treatment alone.

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The relationship between facial directional asymmetry, handedness, chewing side preference, and eyedness.

Sci Rep

October 2024

Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigated facial directional asymmetry (DA) in relation to brain laterality among 163 healthy individuals, hypothesizing that facial features may reflect underlying brain asymmetries.
  • Various methods, including 3D landmark analysis, were used to assess DA, revealing a consistent right-sided facial protrusion pattern across genders.
  • The research found that only males showed a correlation between lateralized behaviors (like handedness) and DA, suggesting that higher brain asymmetry in males might influence these differences, while no link was observed between eyedness and DA.
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Background: Unfractionated heparin is used as the most common anticoagulation for venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) patients. However, it is accompanied by frequent bleeding and thrombotic complications. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the feasibility of Enoxaparin anticoagulation for VV ECMO patients.

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Cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in dementia with Lewy bodies and other dementias.

Brain Commun

August 2024

Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.

Article Synopsis
  • The study examines the prevalence of cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's disease co-pathologies in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies against various other cognitive states, including mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
  • A multi-cohort dataset of 4,549 participants was analyzed, revealing that 43% of dementia with Lewy bodies patients had a high load of white matter hyperintensities, indicating a significant difference compared to other groups.
  • Findings showed that white matter hyperintensities in dementia with Lewy bodies correlate with medial temporal atrophy, suggesting that the impact of these co-pathologies is particularly pronounced in this group compared to others.
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Purpose: Endoscopically assisted sagittal strip craniotomy with subsequent cranial orthosis is a frequently used surgical approach for non-syndromic sagittal synostosis. Originally, this technique involved a wide sagittal strip craniectomy with bilateral wedge osteotomies. More recent studies suggest omitting wedge osteotomies, achieving similar outcomes.

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Recent studies have suggested that pathogenic variants of the gene could be a driver of alterations in some pediatric thyroid nodules, but data are still limited. The aim of this study was to detect variants in the gene in a large cohort of pediatric thyroid nodules and then correlate them with clinicopathological data, with a focus on the disease prognosis in patients with thyroid carcinoma. This retrospective cohort study consisted of 350 pediatric and young adult patients (aged 2-21 years) with thyroid nodules, from whom 275 fresh-frozen thyroid nodule samples and 92 fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples were collected.

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The forskolin-induced swelling assay (FIS) in patient-derived intestinal organoids (PDIOs), used to determine in vitro responsiveness to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), showed variability in swelling among PDIOs obtained from people with CF (pwCF) carrying the same F508del/F508del CFTR genotype. We aimed to characterise the effect of ETI on the transcriptional activity of PDIOs-derived cells to understand the intracellular processes triggered by ETI and the differences in treatment response. Six high- and six low-responding PDIOs to ETI, derived from F508del/F508del pwCF, were incubated with or without ETI for 2 to 6 h.

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Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in Clinical Practice: Time to Incorporate Biomarkers?

J Alzheimers Dis

October 2024

Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.

Hippocampal dysfunction is associated with early clinical signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to the limited availability or invasiveness of current biomarkers, the AD diagnosis is usually based on cognitive assessment and structural brain imaging. The recent study by Lalive and colleagues examined the specificity of brain morphometry for the AD diagnosis in a memory clinic cohort with hippocampal-type amnestic syndrome.

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Antagonistic activity of brain networks likely plays a fundamental role in how the brain optimizes its performance by efficient allocation of computational resources. A prominent example involves externally/internally oriented attention tasks, implicating two anticorrelated, intrinsic brain networks: the default mode network (DMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN). To elucidate electrophysiological underpinnings and causal interplay during attention switching, we recorded intracranial EEG (iEEG) from 25 epilepsy patients with electrode contacts localized in the DMN and DAN.

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Evidence for the occurrence of Acinetobacter faecalis in cattle feces and its emended description.

Syst Appl Microbiol

September 2024

Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Microbiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic.

This study provides an emended description of Acinetobacter faecalis, a species previously described based on a single isolate (YIM 103518) from elephant feces in China. Our emended description is based on 15 novel isolates conspecific with the A. faecalis type strain, obtained from eight cattle farms in the Czech Republic.

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Aims: We investigated whether a short period of tightly controlled low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) leads to higher time in range without increasing the associated risks in children and young people with diabetes (CYPwD).

Methods: Thirty-five (CYPwD) were recruited into this randomized controlled cross-over study (20 female; 20 CSII; age 14.5 ± 2.

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Article Synopsis
  • Percutaneous active mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices are increasingly used for treating acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock (AMICS), but there is mixed evidence on their impact on patients' mortality rates.
  • This study conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to assess the effect of early routine active MCS versus control treatments on 6-month all-cause mortality in AMICS patients.
  • The analysis included nine studies with a total of 1114 patients and found that four trials evaluated venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) while five focused on left ventricular unloading devices, contributing valuable insights into their effectiveness in this patient group.
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Using immunohistochemistry, we examined a large cohort of 135 ovarian tumors, made up of 96 low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs) and 39 serous borderline tumors (micropapillary variant, mSBT), with the aim of exploring their HER2 status (overexpression). We followed with comprehensive genomic analyses on this sample set from our previous study, which revealed HER2 mutation in 5% (4/75) of LGSC and 10% (3/29) of mSBT. No cases were evaluated as HER2-positive, but 6 LGSCs and 1 mSBT were scored as HER2 1+, and 2 LGSCs and 1 mSBT showed the so-called HER2 "ultra-low" phenotype.

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Article Synopsis
  • A recent meta-analysis found that routine veno-arterial ECMO (VA-ECMO) does not improve outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS), while a specific microaxial flow pump did lower mortality in a certain patient group.
  • Individual patient data from four randomized trials were analyzed, focusing on patients similar to those in the DanGer-Shock trial, which aimed at understanding the 180-day all-cause mortality rates with VA-ECMO.
  • Despite a numerically lower 6-month mortality rate with VA-ECMO (45% vs. 51% in control), the risks of major bleeding and peripheral vascular complications were higher, suggesting no clear mortality benefit in this population.
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Electrolyte disorders related emergencies in children.

BMC Nephrol

August 2024

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Akron Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • The article reviews electrolyte and water balance in children, highlighting common electrolyte problems faced in medical settings.
  • It emphasizes the importance of understanding the underlying causes, taking thorough patient histories, conducting physical exams, and using lab tests for effective management.
  • The goal is to improve the handling of emergencies related to electrolyte imbalances in pediatric patients, thereby enhancing their overall health outcomes.
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Objectives: We performed a retrospective analysis of MRSA isolates collected at the university equine clinic including clinical isolates from 2008 to 2021 and screening environmental, equine and personnel isolates from 2016.

Methods: Screening and clinical samples were cultured on Brilliance MRSA 2 and Columbia agar (Oxoid), respectively, with enrichment for environmental samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disc diffusion.

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Background: Factors associated with severe COVID-19 infection have been identified; however, the impact of infection on longer-term outcomes is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 infection on the trajectory of lung function and nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF).

Methods: This is a retrospective global cohort study of pwCF who had confirmed COVID-19 infection diagnosed between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021.

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A cross-sectional survey of sp. and in non-human primates and their caregivers in Czech zoos.

One Health

December 2024

Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.

Intestinal protists in the gut microbiome are increasingly studied, but their basic epidemiology is not well understood. We explored the prevalence, genetic diversity, and potential zoonotic transmission of two protists colonizing the large intestine - sp. and - in 37 species of non-human primates (NHPs) and their caregivers in six zoos in the Czech Republic.

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