623 results match your criteria: "Charles University and Motol University Hospital[Affiliation]"

Background: Although there is growing evidence of the association between gender and early diagnosis of preclinical Alzheimer's disease, little attention has been given to the enrolment ratio of men and women in clinical trials and data reporting.

Methods: This study aims to analyze gender differences in sociodemographic factors associated with the willingness to participate in clinical trials and undergo specific procedures in the context of an Alzheimer's disease prevention research cohort. 2544 cognitively unimpaired participants from the ALFA parent cohort (age 45-75 years) of the Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center were contacted through a structured phone call to determine their willingness to participate in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials and undergo trial-related procedures (magnetic resonance imaging, lumbar puncture, positron emission tomography, and cognitive assessment).

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Gut-microbiota-based ensemble model predicts prognosis of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

iScience

December 2024

Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea.

Developing microbiome-based markers for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is challenging. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of the gut microbiome in PIBD through a case-control study and cross-cohort analyses. In a Korean PIBD cohort (24 patients with PIBD, 43 controls), we observed that microbial diversity and composition shifted in patients with active PIBD versus controls and recovered at remission.

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Brucellosis is a zoonosis with non-specific clinical symptoms involving multiple systems and organs. Its prevalence is low in most of EU countries, which can lead to the difficulties in laboratory and clinical diagnostic. Due to its relationship to the Ochrobactrum spp.

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  • - Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is common after lung transplants and can lead to chronic lung problems and affect survival rates; diagnosing it can be tricky due to inconsistent interpretations among pathologists.
  • - This study explored the use of immunohistochemistry to identify specific markers (like PD-L1 and PECAM-1) in lung tissue samples from lung transplant patients to improve ACR diagnosis.
  • - Results showed that PD-L1 levels were higher in patients with ACR, indicating an immune response suppression effort, and there were notable differences in PECAM-1 levels, highlighting these markers’ potential usefulness for detecting ACR.
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Objective: Epilepsy surgery in the operculoinsular cortex is challenging due to the difficult delineation of the epileptogenic zone and the high risk of postoperative deficits.

Methods: Pre- and postsurgical data from 30 pediatric patients who underwent operculoinsular cortex surgery at the Motol Epilepsy Center Prague from 2010 to 2022 were analyzed.

Results: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD; n = 15, 50%) was the predominant cause of epilepsy, followed by epilepsy-associated tumors (n = 5, 17%) and tuberous sclerosis complex (n = 2, 7%).

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Upadacitinib for Induction of Remission in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: An International Multi‑center Study.

J Crohns Colitis

November 2024

Pediatric Gastroenterology Institute, "Dana-Dwek" Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel and the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

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Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a significant challenge to the treatment of infectious diseases. Of particular concern are members of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC), which are frequently associated with hospital-acquired infections and have the potential to spread outside hospitals via wastewaters. In this study, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and phylogenetic relatedness of MDR KpSC from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs), hospital sewage, municipal wastewater treatment plants (mWWTPs) and surface waters and to evaluate the clinical relevance of the KpSC subspecies.

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Fibromyxoid aSoft Tissue Tumor With PLAG1 Fusion-The First Case in an Adult Patient.

Genes Chromosomes Cancer

November 2024

Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.

With the expanding possibilities of human genome research in recent years, the number of cases of soft tissue tumors that we are able to classify into the correct subgroups and to reveal their molecular profile is increasing. Among such tumors, we can also consider neoplasms that have a specific fusion of genes, in our case namely the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) and its partner. PLAG1 gene fusions were previously associated mainly with salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas, lipoblastomas, myoepithelial tumors, uterine epitheloid, myxoid leiomyosarcomas, and, recently, with PLAG1-rearranged fibromyxoid soft tissue tumors.

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This study aimed to determine the taxonomic status of a new group of bovine strains of the genus Acinetobacter characterized by the rare ability to grow at temperatures above 44 °C. Initially, 24 strains were isolated from cattle feces collected at 11 farms in Czechia in 2022, representing a tentative new species based on preliminary whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS identification and rpoB gene sequencing. Twelve strains encompassing the within-group diversity were studied in detail, including whole genome de novo sequencing.

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Background: Chest wall sarcomas are rare and pose significant technical challenges in surgical management, particularly in patients with advanced disease. In this study, we examined the extent of resection, reconstruction techniques, and oncological outcomes of patients with chest wall soft tissue and bone sarcomas.

Methods: This retrospective single-center series included patients who underwent surgery at our center between May 2014 and February 2022 for deep-seated/subfascial primary and recurrent soft tissue or bone sarcomas of the chest wall requiring significant resection and extensive reconstruction.

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Amyloid-lowering treatment in Alzheimer's disease.

Lancet

November 2024

Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain.

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Purpose: While anal cancer is a very rare oncological diagnosis representing less than 2% of lower gastrointestinal tract cancers, the incidence has doubled in the past 20 years. Radical radiochemotherapy with sequential or simultaneous boost is now the standard treatment modality. Interstitial HDR brachytherapy is one of the boost application options.

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  • Siderophores are iron-scavenging compounds secreted by certain fungal strains during their growth, playing a role in their virulence and potential use as clinical biomarkers for invasive infections like scedosporiosis and lomentosporiosis.
  • The strains produced various types of siderophores, with -methyl-coprogen B being the most abundant and secreted faster, particularly under conditions of limited iron and zinc, which may increase their virulence.
  • Additionally, two new cyclic peptides were identified using advanced sequencing, and the detection methods for coprogens were refined, suggesting they could be valuable tools for diagnosing these infections in clinical settings.
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Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2 (PHA2) is a rare inherited condition of altered tubular salt handling. It is characterized by the specific constellation of hyperkalaemic hyporeninemic hypertension, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and hypercalciuria. Molecular genetic testing confirms the diagnosis in the majority of cases.

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  • Cancer can lead to serious kidney issues in children requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT), with a study identifying 287 pediatric KRT patients who had a history of cancer.
  • The study showed that those whose cancer caused KRT had a longer wait for kidney transplantation compared to matched controls, with a median time of 2.4 years for cancer patients versus shorter times for controls.
  • While childhood cancer survivors experienced increased mortality rates while on KRT (16% for group 1 and 23% for group 2) compared to controls, their long-term survival rates after kidney transplantation were similar to non-cancer patients.
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Background: Pediatric kidney transplantations are rarely performed, and there is limited knowledge about the diversity in current clinical practices across Europe. This study aims to explore the utility of clinical snapshot studies in identifying these disparities, establishing a foundation for future snapshot studies and standardization efforts.

Methods: A pilot clinical snapshot study was conducted, with invitations extended to all 109 pediatric kidney transplant centres in Europe.

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Newborn screening for SCID and severe T lymphocytopenia in Europe.

J Allergy Clin Immunol

November 2024

Laboratory for Paediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Newborn screening (NBS) programs in Europe started in the 1960s, expanding recently to include testing for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) through T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs).
  • A survey sent to 46 European countries collected comprehensive data, with 38 countries responding, revealing that 17 have already implemented TREC-based NBS.
  • The findings indicate a need to reassess the definition of the target disease to include conditions beyond SCID and highlight the importance of international collaboration for improving universal TREC-based screening.
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Article Synopsis
  • * Current guidelines emphasize that lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are better, advocating for early and aggressive treatment, including a variety of effective medications beyond just statins.
  • * The International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) has published guidelines for optimizing LLT in post-ACS patients, highlighting the need for combination therapies and personalized care to improve adherence and treatment outcomes among high-risk individuals.
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This study aimed to evaluate the ability of selected microRNAs as biomarkers of atrial fibrillation (AF) in ischemic stroke patients in comparison with other established biochemical biomarkers. A prospective case-control study of consecutive ischemic stroke patients with AF admitted to a comprehensive stroke center was conducted. The control group consisted of patients with ischemic stroke with no AF detected on prolonged (at least 3 weeks) Holter ECG monitoring.

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Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. Detecting different biomarkers together on single cells by novel method mass cytometry could contribute to more precise screening. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) cervical samples were collected (N = 53) from women categorized as normal and precancerous lesions.

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Background: Many studies have demonstrated the association between low birth weight (LBW) and chronic kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and kidney volume (KV). However, studies on twins and those investigating numerous perinatal factors beyond LBW, and their associations with various kidney parameters are scarce.

Methods: A two-center cross-sectional study on five-year-old LBW children was conducted between 2021 and 2023.

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