1,147 results match your criteria: "Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague[Affiliation]"

Gut microbiota and bilirubin metabolism: unveiling new pathways in health and disease.

Trends Mol Med

January 2025

Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS - Italian Liver Foudation NGO, AREA Science Park, Campus Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy. Electronic address:

Bilirubin reductase (BilR), a gut microbiota-derived enzyme that reduces bilirubin to urobilinogen, was recently identified. Given the role of bilirubin in preventing modern diseases, understanding the link between the gut microbiota and health via modulation of bilirubin metabolism marks a major advance in medical research and potential treatments.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Ovarian lesions are common and often incidentally detected. A critical shortage of expert ultrasound examiners has raised concerns of unnecessary interventions and delayed cancer diagnoses. Deep learning has shown promising results in the detection of ovarian cancer in ultrasound images; however, external validation is lacking.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In this study, we tested a method for long-term storage of oral mucosal epithelial cells (OMECs) so that the cells could be expanded in vitro after cryopreservation and used for the treatment of bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency. The ability of suspended primary OMECs to proliferate in vitro after cryopreservation was compared to that of OMEC cultures that had undergone the same process. Both were preserved in standard complex medium (COM) with or without cryoprotective agents (CPAs) (gly-cerol at 5 % or 10 % or dimethyl sulphoxide at 10 %).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

SoutheAsTern eUrope microciRculATION (SATURATION) registry - Design and rationale.

Cardiovasc Revasc Med

December 2024

Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. Electronic address:

Background: A considerable number of symptomatic patients leave the cardiac catheterization lab without a definitive diagnosis for their symptoms because no epicardial stenoses are found. The significance of disorders of coronary microvasculature and vasomotion as the cause of symptoms and signs of ischemia has only recently been appreciated. Today we have a wide spectrum of invasive coronary physiology tools but little is known about when and how these tools are used in clinical practice.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are uncommon but can occur after electrical cardioversion (ECV) for atrial fibrillation (AF), with an incidence of about 0.2% based on a study of nearly 12,000 ECV procedures.
  • The study involved 23 patients who experienced VAs within 10 days of ECV, with most cases developing 28.5 hours after the procedure, and a significant number had underlying health issues like congestive heart failure.
  • The findings suggest that while VAs post-ECV are rare, they can be life-threatening, especially in patients with certain risk factors, indicating that careful monitoring is essential for these individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Mitochondrial diseases are serious inherited disorders primarily affecting children, linked to issues with the mitochondrial energy production system known as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).
  • While mitochondrial DNA mutations account for only 25% of pediatric cases and next-gen sequencing can be inconclusive, biochemical methods remain important for accurate diagnosis.
  • The study introduced a method for isolating and cryopreserving peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children's blood, achieving a 72% diagnosis confirmation rate in mitochondrial disease cases using high-resolution oxygraphy, though false negatives occurred in 13% of instances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Immune Checkpoints and Their Inhibition in T-Cell Lymphomas.

Folia Biol (Praha)

December 2024

1st Department of Medicine - Department of Haematology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) are a rare and heterogeneous subgroup of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), forming only 10 % of all NHL cases in Western countries. Resulting from their low incidence and heterogeneity, the current treatment outcome is generally unfavorable, with limited availability of novel therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the recent success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment motivated their clinical investigation in TCLs as well.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cardiac involvement (CI) in phosphomannomutase 2-congenital disorders of glycosylation (PMM2-CDG) is part of the multisystemic presentation contributing to high mortality rates. The most common cardiac manifestations are pericardial effusion, cardiomyopathy, and structural heart defects. A genotype-phenotype correlation with organ involvement has not yet been described.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - Uterine sarcomas with KAT6B/A::KANSL1 fusion are a new type of tumor that show a mix of traits from low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas and smooth muscle tumors, which can confuse initial diagnoses.
  • - A study involving 9 such cases found common features like expression of smooth muscle and endometrial stromal markers, as well as the presence of the KAT6B/A::KANSL1 fusion in all tumors.
  • - Despite their bland appearance, these tumors can be aggressive, with some patients experiencing severe outcomes, underscoring the need for accurate recognition and diagnosis for better treatment approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • About 95% of AGCT cases carry the FOXL2 p.C134W mutation, while TERT promoter alterations are associated with worse survival outcomes.
  • This study analyzed 183 primary and 44 recurrent AGCTs, revealing potential prognostic implications of FOXO1 mutations and confirming high rates of FOXL2 mutations, while uncovering various other genetic mutations associated with AGCT recurrence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted educational methods worldwide, particularly in dental and general medicine education. This study retrospectively analyzes students' perceptions of hybrid theoretical and practical teaching in the Dentistry program during the pandemic at three medical faculties of Charles University in the Czech Republic. A total of 418 students were surveyed regarding their views on hybrid education, concerns about COVID-19, and the pandemic's psychosocial and academic effects.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Validation of the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale in the Czech Republic.

Prague Med Rep

November 2024

Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

We have verified the eligibility of the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) as a basic clinical tool for determining the subjective severity of illness in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) in the Czech Republic. Total of 37 patients with a diagnosis of IH (9 men, 28 women, mean age 40.2 ± 12.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) are currently used to treat mutant cancers. Although PARPi sensitivity has been attributed to homologous recombination (HR) defects, other roles of HR factors have also been linked to response to PARPi, including replication fork protection. In this study, we investigated PARPi sensitivity in ovarian cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in relation to HR proficiency and replication fork protection.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Expanding clinical spectrum of PAICS deficiency: Comprehensive analysis of two sibling cases.

Eur J Hum Genet

November 2024

Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

De novo synthesis of purines (DNPS) is a biochemical pathway that provides the purine bases for synthesis of essential biomolecules such as nucleic acids, energy transfer molecules, signaling molecules and various cofactors. Inborn errors of DNPS enzymes present with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental and neuromuscular abnormalities and accumulation of characteristic metabolic intermediates of the DNPS in body fluids and tissues. In this study, we present the second case of PAICS deficiency due to bi-allelic variants of PAICS gene encoding for a missense p.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

On-line pilates program as an alternative to conventional rehabilitation therapy for people with multiple sclerosis, pilot study.

J Bodyw Mov Ther

October 2024

MS rehab z.s, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic. Electronic address:

Introduction: Restrictions in physical activity during Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on exercise activities on people with chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, for whom regular exercise is important for managing the disease. Therefore, alternative forms of exercise and rehabilitation were in high demand. The aim of pilot study was to verify the feasibility and potential effect of an online Pilates exercise programme for people with mild to moderate disability due to multiple sclerosis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • This study analyzes 37 ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) with a focus on their morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular features, categorizing them into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors.
  • High levels of sex cord markers were found, along with variable expression of other markers, and notable mutations like DICER1 (54.5%) and FOXL2 (6%) were identified, suggesting important diagnostic and predictive implications.
  • Differences in mRNA expression profiles between DICER1 and non-DICER1 tumors highlight the distinct molecular characteristics of SLCTs, indicating that well-differentiated tumors could represent a unique subtype apart from the others.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Aim: To assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of using a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for stabilising very preterm infants after birth.

Methods: A prospective observational study included preterm infants born at 28 + 0 to 31 + 6 weeks' gestation between February 2021 and December 2022 at the General University Hospital in Prague. Following delayed cord clamping, HFNC was administered at a flow rate of 8 L/min through the infants' nostrils.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is an effective option for cancer treatment. To maximize its efficacy and minimize side effects, carriers must deliver radionuclides to target tissues. Most of the nuclides used in TAT decay via the alpha cascade, producing several radioactive daughter nuclei with sufficient energy to escape from the original carrier.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: Comparisons of material hardness may be affected by the indentation size effect (ISE), which is characterized by increasing hardness values at decreasing loads. This study aimed to assess the influence of load, dwell time and measurement method on ISE in dental resin-based composites with different filler content.

Methods: Knoop (HK) and Vickers (HV) microindentation hardness of Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative (FU) and Filtek Supreme Flowable Restorative (FF) was measured under different loads (0.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In the last decade, undiagnosed disease programs have emerged to address the significant number of individuals with suspected but undiagnosed rare genetic diseases. In our single-center study, we have launched a pilot program for pediatric patients with undiagnosed diseases in the second-largest university hospital in the Czech Republic. This study was prospectively conducted at the Department of Pediatrics at University Hospital Brno between 2020 and 2023.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Brain morphometry in hepatic Wilson disease patients.

J Inherit Metab Dis

January 2025

Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia.

Wilson disease (WD) primarily presents with hepatic and neurological symptoms. While hepatic symptoms typically precede the neurological manifestations, copper accumulates in the brain already in this patient group and leads to subclinical brain MRI abnormalities including T2 hyperintensities and atrophy. This study aimed to assess brain morphological changes in mild hepatic WD.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are aggressive, difficult-to-treat tumors that can be caused by genetic factors but mainly by lifestyle or infection caused by the human papillomavirus. As the sixth most common malignancy, it presents a formidable therapeutic challenge with limited therapeutic modalities. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, is appearing as a promising multitarget anticancer and antimetastatic agent.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Utility of icobrain for brain volumetry in multiple sclerosis clinical practice.

Mult Scler Relat Disord

December 2024

Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Background: Few studies on multiple sclerosis (MS) have explored the variability of percentage brain volume change (PBVC) measurements obtained from different clinical MRIs. In a retrospective multicentre cohort study, we quantified the variability of annualised PBVC in clinical MRIs.

Methods: Clinical MRIs of relapse-onset MS patients were assessed by icobrain.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF