Comparative analysis of tear cytokines in patients with glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and healthy controls.

Purpose: To investigate the ocular surface inflammation in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension by analyzing tears and to compare findings with healthy controls.

Methods: Observational case-control study. Tear samples were collected by 5 µl microcapillary tube from 24 patients with glaucoma treated by antiglaucoma drops, 9 non-treated patients with ocular hypertension and 45 healthy controls.

Surgical and Oncological Outcomes After Preoperative FOLFIRINOX Chemotherapy in Resected Pancreatic Cancer: An International Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Preoperative FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy is increasingly administered to patients with borderline resectable (BRPC) and locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) to improve overall survival (OS). Multicenter studies reporting on the impact from the number of preoperative cycles and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in relation to outcomes in this setting are lacking. This study aimed to assess the outcome of pancreatectomy after preoperative FOLFIRINOX, including predictors of OS.

Benchmarks in colorectal surgery: multinational study to define quality thresholds in high and low anterior resection.

Background: Benchmark comparisons in surgery allow identification of gaps in the quality of care provided. The aim of this study was to determine quality thresholds for high (HAR) and low (LAR) anterior resections in colorectal cancer surgery by applying the concept of benchmarking.

Methods: This 5-year multinational retrospective study included patients who underwent anterior resection for cancer in 19 high-volume centres on five continents.

Pathoanatomy of the Anterolateral Tibial Fragment in Ankle Fractures.

Background: The anterior distal tibial tubercle provides attachment to the anterior tibiofibular syndesmosis. It may be considered a fourth, or anterior, malleolus (AM). Fractures of the AM may extend into the tibial incisura and tibial plafond.

Randomized experimental study of two novel techniques for transanal repair of dehiscent low rectal anastomosis.

Background: Anastomotic leak after low anterior rectal resection is a dreadful complication. Early diagnosis, prompt management of sepsis followed by closure of anastomotic defect may increase chances of anastomotic salvage. In this randomized experimental study, we evaluated two different methods of trans-anal anastomotic repair.

Miller Edwin Preston (1879-1928); pioneer of fracture biomechanics-a biographical vignette.

Miller Edwin Preston (1879-1928) is cited in the literature in connection with the first angled implant for the fixation of fractures of the femoral neck. Further research has shown that this surgeon emphasised the principles of internal fixation and is the author of several extraordinary and still-valid concepts: "There is no branch of surgery in which nature is more exacting than bone work. To be successful in this field, the cases must be carefully selected, the most rigid asepsis should be observed, the surgeon must possess a good working knowledge of anatomy and fully appreciate the laws of stress, strain and leverage.

Fixation of anterolateral distal tibial fractures: the anterior malleolus.

Objective: The anterior tibial rim with the anterolateral tibial tubercle provides attachment to the anterior tibiofibular syndesmosis. It may be considered an anterior or "fourth" malleolus. Fixation of a displaced anterior tibial fragment in the treatment of malleolar fractures aims at providing a bone-to-bone fixation of the anterior tibiofibular ligament and restoring the integrity of the tibial incisura.

Bosworth fracture complicated by unrecognized compartment syndrome: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Compartment syndrome (CS) is exceedingly rare in ankle fractures. However, the risk of CS development seems to be increased in the presence of a Bosworth fracture-dislocation (BF), a rare variant of locked dislocation of the fibula behind the tibia.

Materials And Methods: Here, we report the case of a 39-year old man with delayed diagnosis of CS after having sustained a BF and failed attempts on closed reduction.

Breastfeeding During Military Service: Different Countries, Different Possibilities.

Introduction: Breastfeeding is a human biological norm that is widely acknowledged as the ideal form of nutrition for all infants. Human milk saves lives, improves long-term health for the both mother and infant, and significantly reduces health care-related costs. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months and thereafter to continue with breastfeeding, in addition to complimentary foods for at least 1 year or longer.

Surgical Fixation of Quadrimalleolar Fractures of the Ankle.

We present a technique of fixation of trimalleolar fractures with additional fracture of the anterior tibial tubercle ("quadrimalleolar") or anterior fibular rim ("quadrimalleolar equivalent"). Twenty-four patients with a mean age of 60 years were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of all 4 malleoli. There were 17 quadrimalleolar and 6 quadrimalleolar equivalent fractures.

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: an analysis of patient and virus characteristics.

Objectives: The MOSAIC study gathered data on chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its treatment in various countries worldwide. Here we summarise patient and HCV characteristics in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Methods: MOSAIC was an observational study that included patients with chronic HCV infection untreated at the time of enrolment.

Posterior Malleolar Fractures: A Critical Analysis Review.

In patients with ankle fractures, the presence of a posterior malleolar fracture has a negative impact on the prognosis. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is essential for fracture classification and treatment planning, as the indication for surgery depends on the 3-dimensional fragment outline and displacement, incisura involvement, and the presence of joint impaction. Anatomic reduction of a posterior malleolar fragment restores the incisura, facilitating reduction of the distal part of the fibula, and it also restores the integrity of the posterior portion of the syndesmosis, reducing the need for additional syndesmotic stabilization.

Evaluation of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Resected Pancreatic Cancer After Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX Treatment.

Importance: The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic cancer following neoadjuvant combination treatment with folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) is unclear.

Objective: To assess the association of adjuvant chemotherapy with overall survival (OS) in patients after pancreatic cancer resection and neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX treatment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2018.

Sex-linked differences in the course of thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure in Lewis rats.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical syndrome with high mortality rate, resulting from widespread hepatocyte damage. Its pathophysiological background is still poorly understood and preclinical studies evaluating pathophysiology and new potential therapeutic measures are needed. The model of ALF induced by administration of thioacetamide (TAA) in Lewis rats is recommended as optimal; however, the limitation of previous studies was that they were performed predominantly in male rats.

Increasing incidence of tuberculosis diagnosed by surgery: a single centre analysis in low-incidence country.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of thoracic tuberculosis (TB) in patients who underwent surgery for indeterminate lung nodules, mass and pleural effusions.

Methods: A monocentric retrospective study was carried out from 2012 to 2018 in a high-volume thoracic surgery centre. All patients with finding of thoracic TB within surgery and/or confirmed post-surgery were studied.

Bioresorbable scaffold implantation in STEMI patients: 5 years imaging subanalysis of PRAGUE-19 study.

Background: Bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) Absorb™ clinical use has been stopped due to higher rate of device thrombosis. Scaffold struts persist longer than 2 years in the vessel wall. Second generation devices are being developed.

Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy -a controversial treatment for bile duct and gallbladder cancer from a European perspective.

Background: Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) is an aggressive operation for treatment of advanced bile duct and gallbladder cancer associated with high perioperative morbidity and mortality, and uncertain oncological benefit in terms of survival. Few reports on HPD from Western centers exist. The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy for HPD in European centers.

Posterior malleolus fractures in Bosworth fracture-dislocations. A combination not to be missed.

Objectives: Posterior malleolar fractures (PM) have been linked to inferior outcome in malleolar fractures. This study aims to analyze the prevalence and pathoanatomy of PM fractures in Bosworth fracture-dislocations (BF).

Materials & Methods: Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans of 13 patients treated at our institution and 97 cases published between 1947 and 2018, identified in a systematic literature search, were evaluated with respect to the pathoanatomy of BF.

Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8 weeks in treatment-naïve patients with chronic HCV genotypes 1-6 and compensated cirrhosis: The EXPEDITION-8 trial.

Background & Aims: Eight-week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir leads to high rates of sustained virological response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12) across HCV genotypes (GT) 1-6 in treatment-naïve patients without cirrhosis. We evaluated glecaprevir/pibrentasvir once daily for 8 weeks in treatment-naïve patients with compensated cirrhosis.

Methods: EXPEDITION-8 was a single-arm, multicenter, phase IIIb trial.

Chronic hepatitis C in the Czech Republic: Forecasting the disease burden.

Objective: Chronic HCV infection is associated with cirrhosis of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplantation. HCV disease burden and the impact of new potent direct acting antivirals (DAAs) in the Czech Republic are unknown.

Methods: Using a modelling framework, HCV disease progression in the Czech Republic was predicted to 2030 under the current standard of care treatment structure.

Gastric duplication cyst communicating to accessory pancreatic lobe: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: The combination of a gastric duplication cyst and duplicated part of the pancreas is an extremely rare developmental defect. The incidence in the population, or the clinical impact thereof, has not been uncovered. Symptoms are unspecific.

Josias Weitbrecht, the founder of syndesmology, and the history of the retinacula of Weitbrecht.

"Syndesmologia siue historia ligamentorum corporis humani", published in 1742 by a German anatomist Josias Weitbrecht (1702-1747), who for a long time lived and worked in St. Petersburg, is the first comprehensive textbook of syndesmology. The accuracy and quality of the accompanying illustrations are fascinating, even after almost 300 years.

Toward a Consensus on Centralization in Surgery.

Objectives: To critically assess centralization policies for highly specialized surgeries in Europe and North America and propose recommendations.

Background/methods: Most countries are increasingly forced to maintain quality medicine at a reasonable cost. An all-inclusive perspective, including health care providers, payers, society as a whole and patients, has ubiquitously failed, arguably for different reasons in environments.

Inferior glenoid fossa fractures: patho-anatomy and results of operative treatment.

Introduction: A typical feature of inferior glenoid fractures is a distal fragment separated from the glenoid fossa. In most cases, the inferior glenoid fractures are associated with a fracture of the scapular body. However, there are no detailed studies of inferior glenoid fractures, and only brief mentions can be found in the literature in this respect.