Predictors of persistent maternal depression trajectories in early childhood: results from the EDEN mother-child cohort study in France.

Background: Maternal depression in the pre- and postpartum period may set women on a course of chronic depressive symptoms. Little is known about predictors of persistently elevated depressive symptoms in mothers from pregnancy onwards. The aims of this study are to determine maternal depression trajectories from pregnancy to the child's fifth birthday and identify associated risk factors.

Prenatal psychological distress and access to mental health care in the ELFE cohort.

Background: Pregnant women are vulnerable to the deleterious impact of environmental stressors. The aims were to identify the environmental and pregnancy characteristics independently associated with prenatal psychological distress and access to mental health care.

Methods: We used data from the French cohort Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE), a nationally representative cohort of children followed-up from birth to adulthood.

The increased risk of road crashes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adult drivers: driven by distraction? Results from a responsibility case-control study.

Background And Objective: Both distractions (external and internal) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are serious risk factors for traffic crashes and injuries. However, it is still unknown if ADHD (a chronic condition) modifies the effect of distractions (irregular hazards) on traffic crashes. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of distractions and ADHD on traffic crash responsibility.

A Gamblers Clustering Based on Their Favorite Gambling Activity.

The objective of this study was to identify profiles of gamblers to explain the choice of preferred gambling activity among both problem and non-problem gamblers. 628 non-problem and problem gamblers were assessed with a structured interview including "healthy" (sociodemographic characteristics, gambling habits and personality profile assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory-125) and "pathological" [diagnosis of pathological gambling, gambling-related cognitions (GRCs) and psychiatric comorbidity] variables. We performed a two-step cluster analysis based solely on "healthy" variables to identify gamblers' profiles which typically reflect the choice of preferred gambling activity.

Clinical and social factors associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use: population-based longitudinal study.

Background: The impact of longitudinal psychiatric comorbidity, parenting and social characteristics on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication use is still poorly understood.

Aims: To assess the baseline and longitudinal influences of behavioural and environmental factors on ADHD medication use.

Method: Survival regressions with time-dependent covariates were used to model data from a population-based longitudinal birth cohort.

Limbic versus cognitive target for deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: accumbens more promising than caudate.

High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) represents a major stake for treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We describe a preliminary trial of DBS of two potential brain targets in chronic TRD: the nucleus accumbens (Acb) and, in the event of failure, the caudate nucleus. Patients were followed for 6 months before surgery (M0).

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young French male prisoners.

While forensic studies have reported higher than community rates of mental disorders in imprisoned populations, few studies have focused on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in these subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate ADHD prevalence among young French male prisoners. A specific diagnostic interview (Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV, CAADID) was used.

Attention problems in childhood and adult substance use.

Objective: To assess the link between childhood attention problems (AP) and substance use 18 years later.

Study Design: This cohort study was conducted in a community sample of 1103 French youths followed from 1991 to 2009. Exposures and covariates were childhood behavioral problems (based on parental report at baseline), early substance use, school difficulties, and family adversity.

Evolution of perinatal depressive symptoms from pregnancy to two years postpartum in a low-risk sample: the MATQUID cohort.

Background: Few studies have explored the evolution of perinatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) throughout the perinatal period.

Aims: To evaluate in a low-risk sample, whether different evolutive profiles of PNDS exist from pregnancy to 2-years postpartum, and whether the subgroups differ regarding psychopathological and demographic characteristics.

Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal study from 8 months pregnancy to 2 years postpartum, repeated measures of PNDS using the CES-D were performed on a sample of 579 women at low-risk for PNDS.

Early risk factors for hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention trajectories from age 17 months to 8 years.

Context: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is an etiologically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with long-term negative outcomes. However, the early developmental course of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms and their association with previous environmental risk factors are still poorly understood

Objectives: To describe the developmental trajectories of hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention symptoms and to identify their prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors.

Design: Birth cohort from the general population.

Paradoxical effect of severe dietary restriction on Long-Evans rat life span.

It has been firmly established that the longevity of 20- to 60%-calorie-restricted rodents, with malnutrition (essential nutrients deficiency) being avoided, is increased when compared to ad libitum fed rodents. However, the effects on life span of severe dietary restriction (i. e.

Disruptive symptoms in childhood and adolescence and early initiation of tobacco and cannabis use: the Gazel Youth study.

Purpose: To examine the link between symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention and conduct disorder in childhood, and the initiation of tobacco and cannabis use, controlling for other behavioral symptoms, temperament and environmental risk factors.

Method: The sample (N=1107 participants, aged 4 to 18 years at baseline) was recruited from the population-based longitudinal Gazel Youth study with a follow-up assessment 8 years later. Psychopathology, temperament, environmental variables, and initiation of tobacco and cannabis use were self-reported.

Childhood history of behavioral inhibition and comorbidity status in 256 adults with social phobia.

Background: Behavioral inhibition (BI), a heritable temperament, predisposes one to an increased risk of social phobia. Recent investigations have reported that BI may also be a precursor to anxiety as well as depressive and alcohol-related disorders, which are frequently comorbid with social phobia. In the present study, we explored the relationship between BI and psychiatric disorders in 256 adults with a primary diagnosis of social phobia.

Disruptive behaviors and early sexual intercourse: The GAZEL Youth Study.

Sexual health-risk behaviors in disruptive children are poorly understood. In a longitudinal population-based sample, event-time analyses showed that subjects with high levels of conduct disorder symptoms, particularly in combination with simultaneously high levels of hyperactivity-inattention symptoms, exhibited the highest risk for earlier sexual activity compared to controls, suggesting the need for prevention.

Childhood and adolescent hyperactivity-inattention symptoms and academic achievement 8 years later: the GAZEL Youth study.

Background: Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk of negative academic outcomes. However, relatively few studies in this area have been based on long-term longitudinal designs and community-based settings. This study examined the link between childhood hyperactivity-inattention symptoms (HI-s) and subsequent academic achievement in a community setting, controlling for other behavioural symptoms, socio-economic status (SES) and environmental factors at baseline.

Body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic surgery: evolution of 24 subjects with a minimal defect in appearance 5 years after their request for cosmetic surgery.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of cosmetic surgery and the stability of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) diagnosis in patients with a minimal defect in appearance, with and without BDD, 5 years after their request for plastic surgery.

Subjects And Methods: Thirty patients requesting cosmetic surgery with minimal defect in appearance, of whom 12 had BDD and 18 did not, were re-evaluated 5 years later by telephone interview regarding their cosmetic surgery interventions, satisfaction with the intervention, BDD diagnosis, handicap, and psychiatric comorbidity.

Results: Of the 30 patients, we were able to re-evaluate 24 subjects (80%), 10 with BDD and 14 non-BDD.

Social phobia and premature ejaculation: a case-control study.

In a previous case-control study, we found marked differences between a group of patients with male sexual disorders and a control group without any sexual disorder regarding the percentage of social phobia (SP) in each group. On this basis, our aim in this study was to test the hypothesis that premature ejaculation (PE) as a specific sexual disorder and SP might be strongly related, by comparing subjects with PE to a control group without any sexual disorder regarding the diagnosis of SP. Subjects with PE were recruited at private practice sexology settings in France.

Anxiety disorders in 318 bipolar patients: prevalence and impact on illness severity and response to mood stabilizer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and impact of anxiety disorders on illness severity and response to mood stabilizers in bipolar disorders.

Method: 318 bipolar patients consecutively admitted to the psychiatric wards of 2 centers as inpatients were recruited. Patients were interviewed with a French version of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies providing DSM-IV Axis I diagnoses and demographic and historical illness characteristics.