Joint Associations of Sedentary Time and Intensity-Specific Physical Activity With Cancer Mortality: A Device-Based Cohort Study of 72,458 UK Adults.

Background: There are no studies examining the prospective joint association of device-based measures of sedentary time and physical activity (PA) with cancer mortality. We examined the joint associations of sedentary time and intensity-specific PA with cancer mortality in 72,458 adults from UK Biobank.

Methods: Participants wore an Axivity AX3 accelerometer on their dominant wrist for at least 3 days (with at least 1 weekend day).

Sucralose uses reward pathways to promote acute caloric intake.

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are used to reduce caloric intake by replacing sugar with compounds that are sweet but contain little or no calories. In this study, we investigate how non-nutritive sweetener sucralose to promote acute food intake in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Our results showed that acute exposure to NNSs sweetness induces a robust hyperphagic response in flies.

Follicular fluid and plasma lipidome profiling and associations towards embryonic development outcomes during ART treatment.

Introduction: It is well acknowledged that lipids assume a critical role in oocyte maturation and early embryonic metabolism, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the lipid composition of plasma and follicular fluid (FF), and the consequences of embryonic development. This study compared the lipidomic profiles of paired plasma and FF samples obtained from sixty-five Chinese women who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments.

Methods: Non-targeted lipidomics analysis.

Superstable lipid vacuoles endow cartilage with its shape and biomechanics.

Conventionally, the size, shape, and biomechanics of cartilages are determined by their voluminous extracellular matrix. By contrast, we found that multiple murine cartilages consist of lipid-filled cells called lipochondrocytes. Despite resembling adipocytes, lipochondrocytes were molecularly distinct and produced lipids exclusively through de novo lipogenesis.

Metabolic bariatric surgery generates substantial, sustained weight loss and health improvement in a real-world setting.

Background: To determine if the positive outcomes from clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of metabolic bariatric surgery are reproducible at a national level.

Methods: A longitudinal registry-based observation study with data collected from all persons undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery in Australia from 28 February 2012-31 December 2021 including data from 122,567 index patients who underwent 134,625 completed bariatric procedures.

Main Outcomes And Measures: Defined adverse outcomes at 90-days (unplanned readmission, intensive care admission and re-operation; death), annual change in weight (percent total body weight loss (TBWL)), diabetes treatment and need for re-operation.

Risk factors associated with postpartum anxiety in Australia, Europe, and North America: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Background: Reducing the prevalence and consequences of anxiety following childbirth (postpartum anxiety) is a strategic priority in the UK and many similar nations; a comprehensive review of risk factors can support the development of interventions and guide further research.

Methods: This registered systematic review was guided by 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses' (PRISMA) and analysed using 'Synthesis Without Meta-analysis' (SWiM) to answer the question; 'What factors have been reported to increase the risk of maternal postpartum anxiety (PPA) in Australia, Europe, and North America?'. MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for relevant research from Australia, Europe, and North America, published up to July 2021.

FUT10 and FUT11 are protein O-fucosyltransferases that modify protein EMI domains.

O-Fucosylation plays crucial roles in various essential biological events. Alongside the well-established O-fucosylation of epidermal growth factor-like repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) and thrombospondin type 1 repeats by POFUT2, we recently identified a type of O-fucosylation on the elastin microfibril interface (EMI) domain of Multimerin-1 (MMRN1). Here, using AlphaFold2 screens, co-immunoprecipitation, enzymatic assays combined with mass spectrometric analysis and CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts, we demonstrate that FUT10 and FUT11, originally annotated in UniProt as α1,3-fucosyltransferases, are actually POFUTs responsible for modifying EMI domains; thus, we renamed them as POFUT3 and POFUT4, respectively.

Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-TIGIT or an oncolytic virus in resectable stage IIIB-D melanoma: a phase 1/2 trial.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapies have shown antitumor activity in melanoma. Substudy 02C of the global, rolling-arm, phase 1/2, adaptive-design KEYMAKER-U02 trial is evaluating neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) alone or in combination, followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab, for stage IIIB-D melanoma. Here we report results from the first three arms: pembrolizumab plus vibostolimab (anti-TIGIT), pembrolizumab plus gebasaxturev (coxsackievirus A21) and pembrolizumab monotherapy.

Impact of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related indices in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight/obesity.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception up to May 2024.

The Relationship Between Daily Activity Level, Posture Distribution, Stepping Patterns, and Cadence in the BCS70 Cohort.

This study investigated the relationship between stepping-defined daily activity levels, time spent in different postures, and the patterns and intensities of stepping behaviour. Using a thigh-mounted triaxial accelerometer, physical activity data from 3547 participants with seven days of valid data were analysed. We classified days based on step count and quantified posture and stepping behaviour, distinguishing between indoor, community, and recreation stepping.

Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Co-Designed and Co-Created Healthy Lifestyle Social Media Intervention Programme the Daily Health Coach for Young Women: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Young women spend 50 min daily on social media (SM); thus, SM platforms are promising for health interventions. This study tested the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the co-designed SM intervention the Daily Health Coach (DHC). The DHC is a 3-month healthy lifestyles intervention programme, targeting eating, physical activity, and social wellbeing behaviours in women aged 18-24, via the dissemination of health and nutrition content on social media platform Instagram.

Investigating the Impact of Glycogen-Depleting Exercise Combined with Prolonged Fasting on Autophagy and Cellular Health in Humans: A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial.

Importance: Although prolonged fasting has become increasingly popular, the favourable biological adaptations and possible adverse effects in humans have yet to be fully elucidated.

Objective: To investigate the effects of a three-day water-only fasting, with or without exercise-induced glycogen depletion, on autophagy activation and the molecular pathways involved in cellular damage accumulation and repair in healthy humans.

Design: A randomised, single-centre, two-period, two-sequence crossover trial.

What Do We Know About the Energy Status and Diets of Pre-Professional and Professional Dancers: A Scoping Review.

Background/objectives: Dancers require adequate nutrition support for growth and development during the pre-professional stage, as well as to fuel classes and rehearsals and to enhance performance for both pre-professional and professional dancers. The aim of this study is to understand the energy status and diet of pre-professional and professional dancers in the genres of ballet, contemporary, musical theatre, and opera.

Methods: Electronic databases ( = 9) and grey literature were searched for primary studies with no time limit.

Discordance Between Triglycerides, Remnant Cholesterol and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Background/objectives: Hypertriglyceridaemia and systemic inflammation are prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Although elevated triglycerides (TGs) and remnant cholesterol are linked to inflammation in the general population and individuals with metabolic syndrome, whether they are associated in patients with schizophrenia remains unclear.

Methods: Fasting levels of TG, cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and remnant cholesterol)), and markers of systemic inflammation including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), leukocyte counts and their differentials (neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes) were determined in 147 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia on long-term antipsychotic regimens and compared with 56 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Health and Liver Diagnostic Markers Influencing Glycemia in Subjects with Prediabetes: Preview Study.

Introduction: Glucose homeostasis may be dependent on liver conditions and influence health-related markers and quality of life (QoL) objective measurements. This study aimed to analyze the interactions of glycemia with liver and health status in a prediabetic population.

Subjects And Methods: This study included 2220 overweight/obese prediabetics from the multinational PREVIEW project.

The Impact of Dexamphetamine Treatment for Obesity on Executive Function: A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Pilot Study.

Background: Amphetamines increase dopamine levels in mid-brain regions which, in turn, impact top-down executive function. Repeated exposure is linked to substance use disorders. Nonetheless, amphetamines are used to manage attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and eating-related disorders.

Reduced Breast and Ovarian Cancer Through Targeted Genetic Testing: Estimates Using the NEEMO Microsimulation Model.

The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer largely rely on the identification and clinical management of individuals with a pathogenic variant prior to developing cancer. Simulation modelling is commonly utilised to evaluate genetic testing strategies due to its ability to synthesise collections of data and extrapolate over long time periods and large populations. Existing genetic testing simulation models use simplifying assumptions for predictive genetic testing and risk management uptake, which could impact the reliability of their estimates.

Modelling vitamin D fortification scenarios for the Australian population.

Background: Low vitamin D status (circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <50 nmol/L) is prevalent in Australia, and 95% of Australians have been estimated to have low vitamin D intake (mean range 1.8-3.2 μg/day).

Extreme Heat Stress and Unplanned Hospital Admissions.

Objectives: The burden and health impact of heat stress on child hospitalization is limited. This study aims to investigate associations between extreme heat stress exposure based on a Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), emergency department (ED) visits, and ED visits that translate into unplanned hospital admissions.

Methods: This population-based case-crossover study included all ED visits and unplanned hospital admissions among children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years from New South Wales, Australia, from July 2001 to June 2020.

Evaluation of an 8-week telehealth cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) program for adults with muscle dysmorphia: A pilot and feasibility study.

Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a psychological disorder defined by a pathological belief that one lacks muscularity and has excess body fat. To date, treatment research on MD has been sparse. We conducted a pilot feasibility and acceptability study investigating the preliminary efficacy of an 8-week telehealth cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention for adults with diagnosed MD.

Erratum: Visualization of endogenous p27 and Ki67 reveals the importance of a c-Myc-driven metabolic switch in promoting survival of quiescent cancer cells: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.63763.

Direct covalent attachment of fluorescent molecules on plasma polymerized nanoparticles: a simplified approach for biomedical applications.

Polymeric nanoparticles surface functionalised with fluorescent molecules hold significant potential for advancing diagnostics and therapeutic delivery. Despite their promise, challenges persist in achieving robust attachment of fluorescent molecules for real-time tracking. Weak physical adsorption, pH-dependent electrostatic capture, and hydrophobic interactions often fail to achieve stable attachment of fluorescent markers.