Key dimensions of women's and their partners' experiences of childbirth: A systematic review of reviews of qualitative studies.

Background: The World Health Organization 2018 intrapartum guideline for a positive birth experience emphasized the importance of maternal emotional and psychological well-being during pregnancy and the need for safe childbirth. Today, in many countries birth is safe, yet many women report negative and traumatic birth experiences, with adverse effects on their and their families' well-being. Many reviews have attempted to understand the complexity of women's and their partners' birth experience; however, it remains unclear what the key dimensions of the birth experience are.

Demographic and health characteristics associated with fish and -3 fatty acid supplement intake during pregnancy: results from pregnancy cohorts in the ECHO programme.

Objective: -3 fatty acid consumption during pregnancy is recommended for optimal pregnancy outcomes and offspring health. We examined characteristics associated with self-reported fish or -3 supplement intake.

Design: Pooled pregnancy cohort studies.

Determining Physiological and Energetic Demands during High-Level Pommel Horse Routines Using a Modified Method Based on Heart Rate-Oxygen Uptake Functions.

This study aimed (1) to assess the validity of a modified method (M) based on heart rate (HR)-oxygen uptake (VO) regression functions to calculate total energy costs (W) and aerobic (W) and anaerobic alactic energy contribution (W) and (2) to analyse the physiological and energetic demands of high-level pommel horse routines (PH routines). The M was developed because VO measurements are limited during high-level PH routines. Answering Part 1, nine male artistic gymnasts performed a PH routine where energy costs were calculated from VO measurements and then compared with energy costs determined from the HR- VO regressions of M's two additional tests.

Artificial sharp-wave-ripples to support memory and counter neurodegeneration.

Information processed in our sensory neocortical areas is transported to the hippocampus during memory encoding, and between hippocampus and neocortex during memory consolidation, and retrieval. Short bursts of high-frequency oscillations, so called sharp-wave-ripples, have been proposed as a potential mechanism for this information transfer: They can synchronize neural activity to support the formation of local neural networks to store information, and between distant cortical sites to act as a bridge to transfer information between sensory cortical areas and hippocampus. In neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease, different neuropathological processes impair normal neural functioning and neural synchronization as well as sharp-wave-ripples, which impairs consolidation and retrieval of information, and compromises memory.

Vitamin A and vitamin D induced nuclear hormone receptor activation and its impact on B cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production.

Vitamin A and vitamin D metabolites are ligands to nuclear receptors - namely RAR, RXR and VDR. The activation of these receptors in human B cells impacts B cell maturation and function. In this review, we discuss how 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) individually or in conjunction, signal through their nuclear receptors and thereby impact B cell differentiation, immunoglobulin class switching to IgA at the expense of IgE, and also B cell migration and homing.

Biologically Relevant Murine Models of Chronic Respiratory Infection.

is an opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The ability of to evade host responses and develop into chronic infection causes significant morbidity and mortality. Several mouse models have been developed to study chronic respiratory infections induced by , with the bead agar model being the most widely used.

Physiological and Energetic Demands During Still-Rings Routines of Elite Artistic Gymnasts.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze physiological and energetic demands of elite gymnasts during still-rings routines (SRRs).

Methods: Eleven male gymnasts (mean [SD] 23.6 [3.

High-fat diet and oral infection induced type 2 diabetes and obesity development under different genetic backgrounds.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an adult-onset and obese form of diabetes caused by an interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental components. Here, we have assessed a cohort of 11 genetically different collaborative cross (CC) mouse lines comprised of both sexes for T2D and obesity developments in response to oral infection and high-fat diet (HFD) challenges.

Methods: Mice were fed with either the HFD or the standard chow diet (control group) for 12 weeks starting at the age of 8 weeks.

A dopamine receptor D2 genetic polymorphism associated with transition to mental disorders in a cohort of individuals with at-risk mental state for psychosis.

Objectives: To test the association of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with transition to psychiatric disorders in a cohort of individuals at ultrahigh risk (UHR) mental state for psychosis.

Methods: Through general population screening, 88 non-help-seeking UHR subjects and 130 healthy control individuals were genotyped for 45 SNPs related to psychosis. They were followed for a mean of 2.

Impact of clinical decision-making participation and satisfaction on outcomes in mental health practice: results from the CEDAR European longitudinal study.

The present study aimed to assess: (1) whether a more active involvement of patients is associated with an improvement of clinical symptoms, global functioning, and quality-of-life; and (2) how patients' satisfaction with clinical decisions can lead to better outcome after 1 year. Data were collected as part of the study 'Clinical decision-making and outcome in routine care for people with severe mental illness (CEDAR)', a longitudinal observational study, funded by the European Commission and carried out in six European countries. Patients' inclusion criteria were: (a) aged between 18 and 60 years; (b) diagnosis of a severe mental illness of any kind according to the Threshold Assessment Grid (TAG) ≥ 5 and duration of illness ≥ 2 years; (c) expected contact with the local mental health service during the 12-month observation period; (d) adequate skills in the language of the host countries; and (e) the ability to provide written informed consent.

Deep neural network heatmaps capture Alzheimer's disease patterns reported in a large meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies.

Deep neural networks currently provide the most advanced and accurate machine learning models to distinguish between structural MRI scans of subjects with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. Unfortunately, the subtle brain alterations captured by these models are difficult to interpret because of the complexity of these multi-layer and non-linear models. Several heatmap methods have been proposed to address this issue and analyze the imaging patterns extracted from the deep neural networks, but no quantitative comparison between these methods has been carried out so far.

Mammillary body and hypothalamic volumes in mood disorders.

We have previously reported an in vivo enlargement of the left hypothalamus in mood disorders using 7 T magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of this follow-up study was to find out whether the hypothalamic volume difference may be located in the mammillary bodies (MB) rather than being widespread across the hypothalamus. We developed and evaluated a detailed segmentation algorithm that allowed a reliable segmentation of the MBs, and applied it to 20 unmedicated (MDDu) and 20 medicated patients with major depressive disorder, 21 medicated patients with bipolar disorder, and 23 controls.

A Phase I/IIa study of autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells immunotherapy in kidney transplant recipients.

Kidney transplant survival is shortened by chronic rejection and side effects of standard immunosuppressive drugs. Cell-based immunotherapy with tolerogenic dendritic cells has long been recognized as a promising approach to reduce general immunosuppression. Published trials report the safety and the absence of therapy-related adverse reactions in patients treated with tolerogenic dendritic cells suffering from several inflammatory diseases.

Arterial Stiffness as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor After Successful Kidney Transplantation in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients.

Background: It is known that kidney transplantation (KTx) decreases mortality rate and increases life expectancy about 10 years compared with dialysis, particularly in patients with diabetes. However, cardiovascular disease is still the most common cause of death after transplantation.

Purpose: The evaluation of the cardiovascular risk after successful KTx in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

Trajectories of depressive symptoms among mothers of preterm and full-term infants in a national sample.

To examine postpartum depressive symptom trajectories from birth to age 5 and their risk factors in a national sample of mothers of preterm and full-term infants. The racially and ethnically diverse sample comprised 11,320 maternal participants (M = 29; SD = 5.9) in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program in the USA with data on newborn gestational age at birth (≥ 22 weeks) and maternal depression symptoms during the first 5 years following childbirth.

Relationship between cerebral palsy severity and cognition, aids and education.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a non-progressive permanent lesion of the developing brain, which can manifest with motor function disability and various comorbidities and complications. However, there is little data on the correlation between motor and mental function in CP, as cognitive assessments are rarely the main focus of studies on children with CP.

Methods: We studied a large cohort of 381 children and adolescents with CP.

Use of a Bayesian Network Model to predict psychiatric illness in individuals with 'at risk mental states' from a general population cohort.

The 'at risk mental state' (ARMS) paradigm has been introduced in psychiatry to study prodromal phases of schizophrenia. With time it was seen that the ARMS state can also precede mental disorders other than schizophrenia, such as depression and anxiety. However, several problems hamper the paradigm's use in preventative medicine, such as varying transition rates across studies, the use of non-naturalistic samples, and the multifactorial nature of psychiatric disorders.

The Value of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for the Staging of Node-Negative Colon Cancer: Propensity Score and Mediation Analyses.

Objectives: Mediation analysis to assess the protective impact of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping on prognosis and survival of patients with colon cancer through a more precise evaluation of the lymph node (LN) status.

Background: Up to 20% of patients with node-negative colon cancer develop disease recurrence. Conventional histopathological LN examination may be limited in describing the real metastatic burden of LN.

Apixaban versus PhenpRocoumon: Oral AntiCoagulation plus antiplatelet tHerapy in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Atrial Fibrillation (APPROACH-ACS-AF): Rationale and design of the prospective randomized parallel-group, open-label, blinded-endpoint, superiority, multicenter-trial of a triple therapy versus a dual therapy in patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Acute Coronary Syndrome undergoing coronary stenting.

Background: A regimen of dual (DAT) vs. triple (TAT) antithrombotic therapy reduces bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, recent evidence suggests that DAT may be associated with an increased ischemic risk.

Is protein the forgotten ingredient: Effects of higher compared to lower protein diets on cardiometabolic risk factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Higher protein (HP) diets may lead to lower cardiometabolic risk, compared to lower protein (LP) diets. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the effects of HP versus LP diets on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults, using the totality of the current evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in electronic databases, up to November 2020.

Spontaneous Non-Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia and Premature Ventricular Contractions and Their Prognostic Relevance in Patients with Cancer in Routine Care.

It is largely unknown whether cancer patients seen in routine care show ventricular arrhythmias in 24 h electrocardiograms (ECGs), and whether when they are detected they carry prognostic relevance. We included 261 consecutive cancer patients that were referred to the department of cardiology for 24 h ECG examination and 35 healthy controls of similar age and sex in the analysis. To reduce selection bias, cancer patients with known left ventricular ejection fraction <45% were not included in the analysis.