Stented endoscopic third ventriculostomy: technique, safety, and indications-a multicenter multinational study.

Purpose: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an effective treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus. Secondary stoma closure may be life threatening and is the most common reason for late ETV failure, mostly secondary to local scarring. Local stents intended to maintain patency are rarely used.

Risankizumab for Ulcerative Colitis: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.

Importance: The clinical effects of risankizumab (a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the p19 subunit of IL-23) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis are unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of risankizumab when administered as an induction and a maintenance therapy for patients with ulcerative colitis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Two phase 3 randomized clinical trials were conducted.

The European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS): fourth Paediatric EUROMACS (Paedi-EUROMACS) report.

Objectives: The use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) in children is increasing. However, absolute numbers in individual centres and countries remain small. Collaborative efforts such as the Paedi-European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS) are therefore essential for combining international experience with paediatric VADs.

Metallic Lateralized-Offset Glenoid Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: Metallic lateralized-offset glenoid reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for cuff tear arthropathy combines the use of a metallic augmented baseplate with a metaphyseally oriented short stem design that can be applied at a 135° or 145° neck-shaft angle, leading to additional lateralization on the humeral side. Lateralization of the center of rotation decreases the risk of inferior scapular notching and improves external rotation, deltoid wrapping, residual rotator cuff tensioning, and prosthetic stability. Metallic increased-offset RSA (MIO-RSA) achieves lateralization and corrects inclination and retroversion while avoiding graft resorption and other complications of bony increased-offset RSA (BIO-RSA).

The human VGLUT3-pT8I mutation elicits uneven striatal DA signaling, food or drug maladaptive consumption in male mice.

Cholinergic striatal interneurons (ChIs) express the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) which allows them to regulate the striatal network with glutamate and acetylcholine (ACh). In addition, VGLUT3-dependent glutamate increases ACh vesicular stores through vesicular synergy. A missense polymorphism, VGLUT3-p.

Memory Consolidation and Sleep in Children With Epilepsy: A Systematic Review.

Background: Sleep is essential in the process of memory consolidation. Children and adolescents with epilepsy hold a significantly higher risk for memory impairment. Understanding the relationship between sleep and memory impairment in adolescents with epilepsy will help us to develop effective support services for this patient population.

Use of Bacterial DNA Concentration in Ascites as a Marker for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis.

Background And Aims: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common and serious complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Precise quantification of bacterial DNA (bactDNA) and the related inflammatory response might add further information on the course of disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between bactDNA, cytokine levels and clinical outcome.

Brain-age prediction: Systematic evaluation of site effects, and sample age range and size.

Structural neuroimaging data have been used to compute an estimate of the biological age of the brain (brain-age) which has been associated with other biologically and behaviorally meaningful measures of brain development and aging. The ongoing research interest in brain-age has highlighted the need for robust and publicly available brain-age models pre-trained on data from large samples of healthy individuals. To address this need we have previously released a developmental brain-age model.

EUFOREUM Berlin 2023: Optimizing care for type 2 inflammatory diseases from clinic to AI: A pediatric focus.

The European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airways diseases (EUFOREA) organized its bi-annual forum EUFOREUM in Berlin in November 2023. The aim of EUFOREUM 2023 was to highlight pediatric action plans for prevention and optimizing care for type 2 inflammatory conditions starting in childhood, with a focus on early-stage diagnosis, ensuring neither under- nor overdiagnosis, optimal care, and suggestions for improvement of care. EUFOREA is an international not-for-profit organization forming an alliance of all stakeholders dedicated to reducing the prevalence and burden of chronic respiratory diseases through the implementation of optimal patient care via educational, research, and advocacy activities.

Complications and revisions in metal-backed anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty: a comparative study of revision rates between stemless and stemmed humeral components.

Background: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the incidence of complications and revision surgeries between in 2 of convertible metal-back glenoid systems in total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) groups over a follow-up period of up to 5 years.

Methods: A retrospective analysis included 69 shoulders from 65 patients with primary aTSA. Patients were divided into group 1 (n = 31), receiving convertible cementless stemmed aTSA (Lima SMR) and group 2 (n = 38), receiving humeral head replacement aTSA (Arthrex, Eclipse) both with metal-back glenoid components.

Adaption of neurosurgical resection patterns for pediatric low-grade glioma spanning two decades-Report from the German LGG-studies 1996-2018.

Introduction: Neurosurgery is considered the mainstay of treatment for pediatric low-grade glioma (LGG); the extent of resection determines subsequent stratification in current treatment protocols. Yet, surgical radicality must be balanced against the risks of complications that may affect long-term quality of life. We investigated whether this consideration impacted surgical resection patterns over time for patients of the German LGG studies.

Contraction assessment of abdominal muscles using automated segmentation designed for wearable ultrasound applications.

Purpose: Wearable ultrasound devices can be used to continuously monitor muscle activity. One possible application is to provide real-time feedback during physiotherapy, to show a patient whether an exercise is performed correctly. Algorithms which automatically analyze the data can be of importance to overcome the need for manual assessment and annotations and speed up evaluations especially when considering real-time video sequences.

Arthroscopic Posterior Bone Block Stabilization Using a Tricortical Autograft of the Ipsilateral Scapular Spine.

Posterior bone grafting represents an emerging therapeutic approach for addressing recurrent instability in the posterior shoulder, particularly when coupled with substantial glenoid bone loss. Although not as prevalent as anterior instability, recent years have witnessed the development of numerous open and arthroscopic bony reconstruction methods. A technical gold standard for posterior bone grafting remains undefined, leading to ongoing advancements in bone grafting techniques.

Acromegaly Disease Control Maintained After Switching From Injected Somatostatin Receptor Ligands to Oral Paltusotine.

Context: Paltusotine is a nonpeptide selective somatostatin receptor 2 agonist in development as once-daily oral treatment for acromegaly.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of paltusotine in the treatment of patients with acromegaly previously controlled with injected somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs).

Methods: This phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled adults with acromegaly who had IGF-I ≤1.

Overcoming Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Liver Cancer with Combination Therapy: Stronger Together?

Primary liver cancer, represented mainly by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), is one of the most common and deadliest tumors worldwide. While surgical resection or liver transplantation are the best option in early disease stages, these tumors often present in advanced stages and systemic treatment is required to improve survival time. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has had a positive impact especially on the treatment of advanced cancers, thereby establishing immunotherapy as part of first-line treatment in HCC and CCA.

Grey Matter Atrophy and its Relationship with White Matter Lesions in Patients with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease, Aquaporin-4 Antibody-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, and Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: To evaluate: (1) the distribution of gray matter (GM) atrophy in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD), and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS); and (2) the relationship between GM volumes and white matter lesions in various brain regions within each disease.

Methods: A retrospective, multicenter analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data included patients with MOGAD/AQP4+NMOSD/RRMS in non-acute disease stage. Voxel-wise analyses and general linear models were used to evaluate the relevance of regional GM atrophy.

Evaluation of the inflammation-based modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy: a post hoc analysis of the randomized phase III XELAVIRI trial (AIO KRK0110).

Background: The inflammation-based modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) combines serum levels of C-reactive protein and albumin and was shown to predict survival in advanced cancer. We aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of mGPS on survival as well as its predictive value when combined with gender in unselected metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients receiving first-line chemotherapy in the randomized phase III XELAVIRI trial.

Patients And Methods: In XELAVIRI, mCRC patients were treated with either fluoropyrimidine/bevacizumab followed by additional irinotecan at first progression (sequential treatment arm; Arm A) or upfront combination of fluoropyrimidine/bevacizumab/irinotecan (intensive treatment arm; Arm B).

Dual-mobility bearings reduce instability but may not be the only answer in revision total hip arthroplasty for recurrent dislocation.

Aims: There is little information in the literature about the use of dual-mobility (DM) bearings in preventing re-dislocation in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to compare the use of DM bearings, standard bearings, and constrained liners in revision THA for recurrent dislocation, and to identify risk factors for re-dislocation.

Methods: We reviewed 86 consecutive revision THAs performed for dislocation between August 2012 and July 2019.

The Association of Plasma Leptin, Soluble Leptin Receptor and Total and High-Molecular Weight Adiponectin With the Risk of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (NCD) are poorly characterized in terms of their risk factor profiles. Leptin and adiponectin are adipose-tissue-derived hormones with a role in inflammation and atherosclerosis whose function in perioperative NCD is unclear. Here, we used a cohort of older adults to examine the association of preoperative plasma concentrations of these biomarkers with the risk of perioperative NCD.

All-Suture Anchor vs. Knotless Suture Anchor for the Treatment of Anterior Shoulder Instability-A Prospective Cohort Study.

All-suture or soft-anchors (SA) represent a new generation of suture anchor technology with a completely suture-based system. This study's objective was to assess Juggerknot SA, for arthroscopic Bankart repair in recurrent shoulder instability (RSI), and to compare it to a commonly performed knotless anchor (KA) technique (Pushlock). In a prospective cohort study, 30 consecutive patients scheduled for reconstruction of the capsulolabral complex without substantial glenoid bone loss were included and operated on using the SA technique.