Optic neuritis interferes with optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging correlations.

Background: Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning is associated with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS). An influence of optic neuritis is well documented but sparsely investigated. Recently, the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) has been shown to provide superior information regarding visual function and retinal neurodegeneration as compared with RNFL.

Differential immune cell dynamics in the CNS cause CD4+ T cell compartmentalization.

In the course of autoimmune CNS inflammation, inflammatory infiltrates form characteristic perivascular lymphocyte cuffs by mechanisms that are not yet well understood. Here, intravital two-photon imaging of the brain in anesthetized mice, with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, revealed the highly dynamic nature of perivascular immune cells, refuting suggestions that vessel cuffs are the result of limited lymphocyte motility in the CNS. On the contrary, vessel-associated lymphocyte motility is an actively promoted mechanism which can be blocked by CXCR4 antagonism.