Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts for Zinc-Air Batteries Featuring Single Cobalt Atoms in a Nitrogen-Doped 3D-Interconnected Porous Graphene Framework.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with high activity and efficient atom utilization for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) are imperative for rechargeable Zinc-air batteries (ZABs). However, it is still a prominent challenge to construct a noble-metal-free SAC with low cost but high efficiency. Herein, a novel nitrogen-doped graphene (NrGO) based SAC, immobilized with atomically dispersed single cobalt (Co) atoms (Co-NrGO-SAC), is reported for ORRs.

Transcription factor ABF3 modulates salinity stress-enhanced jasmonate signaling in .

Salinity is a severe abiotic stress that affects plant growth and yield. Salinity stress activates jasmonate (JA) signaling in , but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we confirmed the activation of JA signaling under saline conditions and demonstrated the importance of the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)-mediated JA signaling for this process.

Metabolic characteristics of saponins from leaves biotransformed by gut microbiota in rats.

Saponins are responsible for the clinical effects of leaves, which are traditionally produced as the single herb resource of 'Qiye Shenan Pian' in Chinese patent medicine. In this study, the metabolic characteristics of PNLSs were explored in rat feces. PNLSs as well as their metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS).

Efficient Oxidative Removal of Indoor Formaldehyde Using Functionalized Activated Alumina.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) has become a significant indoor air pollutant, arising from the widespread use of decorative and construction materials. Adsorption is the most convenient method for HCHO removal. However, the current adsorption is limited by the current low adsorption capacity and desorption.

Single-cell transcriptomics unveils multifaceted immune heterogeneity in early-onset versus late-onset cervical cancer.

Early-onset (EOCC) and late-onset cervical cancers (LOCC) represent two clinically distinct subtypes, each defined by unique clinical manifestations and therapeutic responses. However, their immunological profiles remain poorly explored. Herein, we analyzed single-cell transcriptomic data from 4 EOCC and 4 LOCC samples to compare their immune architectures.

Nonacademic predictors of China medical licensing examination.

Background: National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) is the entrance exam for medical practice in China, and its general medical knowledge test (GMKT) evaluates abilities of medical students to comprehensively apply medical knowledge to clinical practice. This study aimed to identify nonacademic predictors of GMKT performance, which would benefit medical schools in designing appropriate strategies and techniques to facilitate the transition from medical students to qualified medical practitioners.

Methods: In 1202 medical students, we conducted the deletion-substitution-addition (DSA) and structural equation model (SEM) analyses to identify nonacademic predictors of GMKT performance from 98 candidate variables including early life events, physical conditions, psychological and personality assessments, cognitive abilities, and socioeconomic conditions.

Engineered biomimetic cisplatin-polyphenol nanocomplex for chemo-immunotherapy of glioblastoma by inducing pyroptosis.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by pronounced immune escape and resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Preliminary investigations revealed a marked overexpression of gasdermin E (GSDME) in GBM. Notably, cisplatin (CDDP) demonstrated a capacity of inducing pyroptosis by activating caspase-3 to cleave GSDME, coupled with the release of proinflammatory factors, indicating the potential as a viable approach of inducing anti-tumor immune activation.

Evaluation of Inflammatory Activity of Extraocular Muscles in Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy by [Ga]DOTATATE PET/CT.

Purpose: The accurate assessment of inflammatory activity of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is crucial for formulating subsequent treatment strategies and prognostic judgments. This study aims to explore the efficacy of using [Ga]DOTATATE PET/CT to assess the inflammatory activity of EOMs in TAO patients.

Procedures: This study enrolled 22 TAO patients and 6 healthy volunteers, all of whom underwent orbital [Ga]DOTATATE PET/CT.

Oligogenic effect is associated with the clinical heterogeneity of autosomal dominant deafness-15.

Autosomal dominant deafness-15 which is caused by mutation in the POU4F3 gene, has been reported with a wide degree of clinical heterogeneity, even between intrafamilial members. However, the reason is still elusive. In this study, A four-generation Chinese family with 11 patients manifesting late-onset progressive non-syndromic hearing loss was recruited.

Optimizing the NGS-based discrimination of multiple lung cancers from the perspective of evolution.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers a promising approach for differentiating multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) from intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM), though panel selection and clonal interpretation remain challenging. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from 80 lung cancer samples were utilized to simulate MPLC and IPM, with various sequenced panels constructed through gene subsampling. Two clonal interpretation approaches primarily applied in clinical practice, MoleA (based on shared mutation comparison) and MoleB (based on probability calculation), were subsequently evaluated.

The NAT1-bHLH110-CER1/CER1L module regulates heat stress tolerance in rice.

Rice production is facing substantial threats from global warming associated with extreme temperatures. Here we report that modifying a heat stress-induced negative regulator, a negative regulator of thermotolerance 1 (NAT1), increases wax deposition and enhances thermotolerance in rice. We demonstrated that the C2H2 family transcription factor NAT1 directly inhibits bHLH110 expression, and bHLH110 directly promotes the expression of wax biosynthetic genes CER1/CER1L under heat stress conditions.

MicroRNA-150-3p enhances the antitumour effects of CGP57380 and is associated with a favourable prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation has been identified in several carcinomas, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and is known to play a role in the development and progression of this disease. We initially conducted a miRNA microarray analysis, which revealed that the MNK inhibitor CGP57380 increased the expression of miR-150-3p. A similar analysis was performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Integrating spatial clustering and multi-source geospatial data for comprehensive geological hazard modeling in Hunan Province.

This study presents an integrated framework that combines spatial clustering techniques and multi-source geospatial data to comprehensively assess and understand geological hazards in Hunan Province, China. The research integrates self-organizing map (SOM) and geo-self-organizing map (Geo-SOM) to explore the relationships between environmental factors and the occurrence of various geological hazards, including landslides, slope failures, collapses, ground subsidence, and debris flows. The key findings reveal that annual average precipitation (Pre), profile curvature (Pro_cur), and slope (Slo) are the primary factors influencing the composite geological hazard index (GI) across the province.

Static and dynamic connectivity structure of white-matter functional networks across the adult lifespan.

Aging of the human brain involves intricate biological processes, resulting in complex changes in structure and function. While the effects of aging on gray matter (GM) connectivity are extensively studied, white matter (WM) functional changes have received comparatively less attention. This study examines age-related WM functional dynamics using resting-state fMRI across the adult lifespan.

Soil nutrient limitation controls trophic cascade effects of micro-food web-derived ecological functions in degraded agroecosystems.

Introduction: Soil nutrient supply drives the ecological functions of soil micro-food webs through bottom-up and top-down mechanisms in degraded agroecosystems. Nutrient limitation responds sensitively to variations in degraded agroecosystems through restoration practices, such as legume intercropping.

Objectives: This study examined the effects of legume intercropping on trophic cascade dynamics through resource supply in degraded purple soil ecosystems.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)oxy)quinoline derivatives as novel potential transforming growth factor-β type 1 receptor inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma.

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) type 1 receptor (ALK5) plays a key role in tumor microenvironment. Small-molecule inhibitors of TGFβR1 provides a prospective approach for the treatment of malignant tumors. In this study, a series of 4-((3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)oxy)quinoline derivatives were identified as novel, potential TGFβR1 inhibitors.

A novel swarm budorcas taxicolor optimization-based multi-support vector method for transformer fault diagnosis.

To address the challenge of low recognition accuracy in transformer fault detection, a novel method called swarm budorcas taxicolor optimization-based multi-support vector (SBTO-MSV) is proposed. Firstly, a multi-support vector (MSV) model is proposed to realize multi-classification of transformer faults based on dissolved gas data. Then, a swarm budorcas taxicolor optimization (SBTO) algorithm is proposed to iteratively search the optimal model parameters during MSV model training, so as to obtain the most effective transformer fault diagnosis model.

Inhibition of the invasive plant Ambrosia trifida by Sigesbeckia glabrescens extracts.

Ambrosia trifida is an invasive weed that destroys the local ecological environment, and causes a reduction in population diversity and grassland decline. The evolution of herbicide resistance has also increased the difficulty of managing A. trifida, so interspecific plant competition based on allelopathy has been used as an effective and sustainable ecological alternative.

Visual detection of kanamycin with functionalized Au nanoparticles.

A simple and rapid colorimetric detection strategy, based on hydrogen bond identification of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) functionalized Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), is proposed for highly selective and sensitive determination of kanamycin (KA). In this strategy, the hydrogen bond interaction between 6-TG and kanamycin induces AuNPs to agglomerate, with a consequent color change of AuNPs from wine red to purple or even blue. The kanamycin concentrations can be quantified by employing UV-vis spectrophotometer.

Epigenetics in the modern era of crop improvements.

Epigenetic mechanisms are integral to plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Over the past two decades, our comprehension of these complex regulatory processes has expanded remarkably, producing a substantial body of knowledge on both locus-specific mechanisms and genome-wide regulatory patterns. Studies initially grounded in the model plant Arabidopsis have been broadened to encompass a diverse array of crop species, revealing the multifaceted roles of epigenetics in physiological and agronomic traits.

Aminobenzoic Acid Covalently Modified Polyoxotungstates Based on {XW} Clusters with Proton Conductivity Property.

Three cases of aminobenzoic acid hybrid polyoxotungstates, Na(HO)[(HPWO) (OCCHNH)]·7HO (), K(HO)[(AsWO)(OCCHNH)]·4HO (), and [(HN(CH)]Na(HO)[(SbWO) (OCCHNH)]·7HO (), were successfully synthesized. This is the first report of the successful assembly of the hexanuclear {XW} (X = HP, As, or Sb) clusters and organic carboxylic acid (para aminobenzoic acid) ligands. All three hybrids feature a common {XW} unit composed of a six-membered {WO} octahedral ring capped by one {XO} trigonal pyramid.

Efficient and Rapid Enrichment of Extracellular Vesicles Using DNA Nanotechnology-Enabled Synthetic Nano-Glue.

Swift and efficient enrichment and isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for enhancing precise disease diagnostics and therapeutic strategies, as well as elucidating the complex biological roles of EVs. Conventional methods of isolating EVs are often marred by lengthy and laborious processes. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach to enrich and isolate EVs by leveraging the capabilities of DNA nanotechnology.

A Two-in-One Strategy to Simultaneously Boost the Site Density and Turnover Frequency of Fe-N-C Oxygen Reduction Catalysts.

Site density and turnover frequency are the two fundamental kinetic descriptors that determine the oxygen reduction activity of iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N-C) catalysts. However, it remains a grand challenge to simultaneously optimize these two parameters in a single Fe-N-C catalyst. Here we show that treating a typical Fe-N-C catalyst with ammonium iodine (NH4I) vapor via a one-step chemical vapor deposition process not only increases the surface area and porosity of the catalyst (and thus enhanced exposure of active sites) via the etching effect of the in-situ released NH3, but also regulates the electronic structure of the Fe-N4 moieties by the iodine dopants incorporated into the carbon matrix.