Mapping Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Hunan Province, China.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a major public health challenge in China, with varying treatment outcomes across different regions. Understanding the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes is crucial for targeted interventions to improve treatment success in high-burden areas such as Hunan Province. This study aimed to map the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes at a local level and identify sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with poor treatment outcomes in Hunan Province, China.

Neuronal Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 26 Inhibition via Reactive-Oxygen-Species Responsive Mesoporous-Silica-Loaded Hydrogel for Spinal Cord Injury Repair.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a formidable challenge in biomedical research, as the silencing of intrinsic regenerative signals in most spinal neurons results in an inability to reestablish neural circuits. In this study, we found that neurons with low axonal regeneration after SCI showed decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation levels. However, the expression of dual specificity phosphatase 26 (DUSP26)─which negatively regulates ERK phosphorylation─was reduced considerably in neurons undergoing spontaneous axonal regeneration.

Emamectin Benzoate and Microplastics Led to Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Common Carp via Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Protein Synthesis and Degradation Imbalance.

Pesticides and plastics have brought convenience to agricultural production and daily life, but they have also led to environmental pollution through residual chemicals. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is among the most widely used insecticides, which can cause environmental pollution and harm the health of organisms. Additionally, microplastics (MPs), a relatively new type of pollutant, not only are increasing in residual amounts within water bodies and aquatic organisms but also exacerbate pollution by adsorbing other pollutants, leading to a mixed pollution scenario.

Engineering a wirelessly self-powered neural scaffold based on primary battery principle to accelerate nerve cell differentiation.

Electrical stimulation displayed tremendous potential in promoting nerve regeneration. However, the current electrical stimulation therapy required complex traversing wires and external power sources, which significantly limited its practical application. Herein, a self-powered nerve scaffold based on primary battery principle was gradient printed by laser additive manufacturing technique.

Targeting EGFR-binding protein SLC7A11 enhancing antitumor immunity of T cells via inducing MHC-I antigen presentation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Approximately 80% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients exhibit EGFR overexpression. The overexpression of EGFR has been linked to its potential role in modulating major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. We discovered that EGFR, operating in a kinase-independent manner, played a role in stabilizing the expression of SLC7A11, which subsequently inhibited MHC-I antigen presentation.

The global, regional, and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Low physical activity (LPA) is a leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examine the temporal and spatial trends in the burden of T2DM attributable to LPA at the global, regional, and country scales.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Revisiting the unobtrusive role of exogenous stem cells beyond neural circuits replacement in spinal cord injury repair.

Stem cell transplantation is a promising strategy to establish neural relays in situ for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. Recent research has reported short-term survival of exogenous cells, irrespective of immunosuppressive drugs (ISD), results in similar function recovery, though the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to validate this short-term repair effect and the potential mechanisms in large animals.

Near-infrared fluorogenic RNA for in vivo imaging and sensing.

Fluorogenic RNA aptamers have various applications, including use as fluorescent tags for imaging RNA trafficking and as indicators of RNA-based sensors that exhibit fluorescence upon binding small-molecule fluorophores in living cells. Current fluorogenic RNA:fluorophore complexes typically emit visible fluorescence. However, it is challenging to develop fluorogenic RNA with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence for in vivo imaging and sensing studies.

Ferroptosis and tumor immunity.

Ferroptosis is a unique form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, with regulatory mechanisms involving metabolic dysregulation and imbalance in redox systems. Ferroptosis is closely related to various immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment, including both anti-tumor and pro-tumor immune cells, and it demonstrates significant potential in tumor immunotherapy. A systematic review of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and its relationship with immune cells can provide deeper insights into its application prospects in tumor immunotherapy.

Pre-assembled nanospheres in mucoadhesive microneedle patch for sustained release of triamcinolone in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.

Objectives: Drug-loaded mucoadhesive silk fibroin (SF) microneedle patch can overcome the limitations of low bioavailability and significant pain associated with traditional treatment methods, such as topical application or injection of triamcinolone for oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). However, these systems release the drug too quickly, failing to meet the clinical requirements. This study aims to construct a mucoadhesive SF microneedle patch pre-assembled with silk fibroin nanospheres (SFN) and explore its ability to sustain the release of triamcinolone in the treatment of OSF.

[Paternal inheritance mediated by epigenetic changes in sperms].

Epigenetics is the link between the genome and environment, which can respond to physiological (such as age) or environmental factors (such as diet, stress, and pollution) and induce changes in epigenetic modifications (such as DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, and histone modifications). It can also serve as cellular memory transmitted from generation to generation. Sperm is highly responsive to such environmental changes and has unique epigenetic profiles.

circTP63-N suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via engaging with HSP90AB1 to modulate the YAP1/Hippo signaling pathway.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in the development and progression of various diseases, including malignant tumors. However, the biological functions and the underlying mechanisms of many circRNAs remain elusive. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, circTP63-N, generated through the splicing of exons 2-4 of the TP63 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

White matter functional and structural alterations of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: A longitudinal MRI study.

Widespread white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities have been reported in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), whereas the ability of DTI to detect WM degeneration over short-term period remains insufficiently explored. Additionally, WM dysfunction remains entirely unknown in this disease. This study aims to investigate WM structural and functional alterations in SCA3, and provide promising progression biomarkers for short-term clinical trials.

PATL2 mutations affect human oocyte maternal mRNA homeostasis and protein interactions in cell cycle regulation.

Background: Oocyte maturation defect (OMD) and early embryonic arrest result in female infertility. Previous studies have linked biallelic mutations in the PATL2 gene to OMD, yet the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.

Results: This study uncovers three novel mutations (c.

Prader-Willi syndrome protein necdin regulates the nucleocytoplasmic distribution and dopaminergic neuron development.

Dopamine (DA) plays important roles in various behaviors, including learning and motivation. Recently, THOC5 was identified as an important regulator in the development of dopaminergic neurons. However, how THOC5 is regulated has not been explored.

Integrative analysis of ASXL family genes reveals ASXL2 as an immunoregulatory molecule in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Despite the progress in conventional treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the 5-year survival rate remains below 70%. Enhancing immunotherapy outcomes through personalized treatment strategies, particularly by identifying immune-related biomarkers, is critical. The ASXL family are associated with malignancies, but their relationship with HNSCC has not been elucidated.

Advances in A-to-I RNA editing in cancer.

RNA modifications are widespread throughout the mammalian transcriptome and play pivotal roles in regulating various cellular processes. These modifications are strongly linked to the development of many cancers. One of the most prevalent forms of RNA modifications in humans is adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, catalyzed by the enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).

SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein induces neurodegeneration via affecting Golgi-mitochondria interaction.

Background: Neurological complications are a significant concern of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the pathogenic mechanism of neurological symptoms associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is poorly understood.

Methods: We used Drosophila as a model to systematically analyze SARS-CoV-2 genes encoding structural and accessory proteins and identified the membrane protein (M) that disrupted mitochondrial functions in vivo.

Itraconazole Reversing Acquired Resistance to Osimertinib in NSCLC by Inhibiting the SHH/DUSP13B/p-STAT3 Axis.

There is an urgent necessity to devise efficient tactics to tackle the inevitable development of resistance to osimertinib, which is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor used in treating EGFR-mutant nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study demonstrates that combining itraconazole with osimertinib synergistically reduces the proliferation and migration, enhances the apoptosis of osimertinib-resistant cells, and effectively inhibits the growth of osimertinib-resistant tumors. Mechanistically, itraconazole combined with osimertinib promotes the proteasomal degradation of sonic hedgehog (SHH), resulting in inactivation of the SHH/Dual-specificity phosphatase 13B (DUSP13B)/p-STAT3 and Hedgehog pathways, suppressing Myc proto-oncogene protein (c-Myc).

Antitumor potentials of onco-microbial in Chinese patients with pancreatic cancer.

Recent studies have revealed that intratumoral microbiota is implicated in pancreatic cancer (PC), yet the spectra of intratumoral microbiota and their relationship with PC in Chinese patients remained to be clarified. In this study, tumor and paired paracancerous tissue from 53 patients were profiled by bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both and -diversity displayed significant differences between tumors and adjacent tissues, with higher diversity in tumors.

The survival prediction analysis and preliminary study of the biological function of YEATS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: Our study aims to develop and validate a novel molecular marker for the prognosis and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) MATERIALS & METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed mRNA expression profile and clinicopathological data of HCC patients fetched from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) datasets. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to collect differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNAs) from HCC and non-tumor tissues, and YEATS2, a prognostic marker, was identified by further analysis. ROC curve, survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis as well as nomograms were used to evaluate the prognosis of this gene.

Designing superoxide-responsive near-infrared afterglow materials for enhanced arthritis imaging.

Here we report an afterglow material, APT/TTQNPs. This material can be activated by superoxide anions (O˙) to emit NIR afterglow. APT/TTQNPs possess high selectivity, high sensitivity, and high imaging signal-to-noise ratio to O˙.

The prevalence and profiles of adverse childhood experiences and their associations with adult mental health outcomes in China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common and associated with mental disorders. However, the prevalence and co-occurrence of ACEs and their association with mental health outcomes among Chinese adults have not been well demonstrated.

Methods: China Mental Health Survey, a cross-sectional nationally representative survey consisting of 28,140 adults, was conducted from July 2013 to March 2015.

Sex-specific associations between exclusive breastfeeding and postpartum depression in Chinese women.

Background: Studies on the association of exclusive breastfeeding and postpartum depression (PPD) are inconsistent and no prior study has investigated whether this association was influenced by other factors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and PPD in Chinese population, as well as to determine whether other factors influence this association.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 7685 postpartum women from a hospital of Shenzhen, China, utilizing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to evaluate PPD.