IL-33, a neutrophil extracellular trap-related gene involved in the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

Background: Chronic inflammation is well recognized as a key factor related to renal function deterioration in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in amplifying inflammation. With respect to NET-related genes, the aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of DKD progression and therefore identify potential intervention targets.

WATCHMAN versus LACbes® device for percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: a single-center, propensity-matched study.

Background: Different left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) devices have been introduced into the clinical setting. A new dual-seal mechanism LACbes® occluder with isogenous barbs for LAAC has been designed to facilitate easier delivery and improve safety. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of the WATCHMAN with those of the LACbes® device for LAAC.

Periarterial divestment following neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer with celiac axis invasion: A safe and effective surgical procedure.

Background: Modern pancreatic surgery has gradually changed with the introduction of neoadjuvant therapy. For patients with pancreatic cancer involving peripancreatic visceral arteries who have received neoadjuvant therapy, periarterial divestment has gradually gained popularity, which represents an alternative to arterial resection. There is ongoing debate about whether this approach achieves curative tumor resection comparable to that of arterial resection, and the differences in terms of postoperative complications and oncologic outcomes between the 2 surgical procedures.

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Analysis of 462 hospitalized Chinese patients in Shanghai.

While acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) remains clinically critical, the etiology of bleeding and risk factors for mortality remain uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the underlying causes of AUGIB and identify risk factors associated with fatality. A retrospective survey was conducted in a major clinical hospital in Shanghai, where inpatients diagnosed with AUGIB were meticulously collected and analyzed.

Adverse events of 20-22G second-generation endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy needles for solid lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Previous research has conducted meta-analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB). However, studies on adverse events (AEs) have been limited and sporadic and have included a highly diverse group of patients (with upper and lower gastrointestinal tract issues) and needles of varying sizes (19-22-25G). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the incidence of AEs related to the utilization of 20-22G second-generation EUS-FNB needles subsequent to puncture of the upper gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs.

A phase Ia study of a novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate GQ1001 in patients with previously treated HER2 positive advanced solid tumors.

Background: A novel anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) GQ1001 was assessed in patients with previously treated HER2 positive advanced solid tumors in a global multi-center phase Ia dose escalation trial.

Methods: In this phase Ia trial, a modified 3 + 3 study design was adopted during dose escalation phase. Eligible patients were enrolled, and GQ1001 monotherapy was administered intravenously every 3 weeks.

A simple polydopamine-based platform for engineering extracellular vesicles with brain-targeting peptide and imaging probes to improve stroke outcome.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential for treating various diseases. Translating EVs-based therapy from bench to bedside remains challenging due to inefficient delivery of EVs to the injured area and lack of techniques to visualize the entire targeting process. Here we developed a dopamine surface functionalization platform that facilitates easy and simultaneous conjugation of targeting peptide and multi-mode imaging probes to the surface of EVs.

[Research advances on the genetic pathogenesis and gene therapy for pancreatitis].

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. It has a high prevalence and mortality rate worldwide, with no radical cure. Breakthroughs have been recently made in genetic research of pancreatitis.

Long-term Outcomes of Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation versus Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Widespread Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Neoplasia.

Background/aims: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) is a treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), with a relatively low risk of stenosis; however, the long-term outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with widespread superficial ESCN who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or ERFA.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with superficial ESCN who underwent ESD or ERFA between January 2015 and December 2021.

Glutathione depletion-based pH-responsive injectable hydrogels for synergistic treatment of colon tumor.

In this paper, a pH-sensitive chitosan-grafted phenylboronic acid (CS-BA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel was constructed based on dynamic borate bonding for loading chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CDDP) and divalent Cu (CS-BA/PVA-Cu-CDDP). The hydrogel can respond and degrade specifically in the simulative acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), and the released Cu can deplete glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells and generate Cu. It is worth noting that, Cu can further catalyze the Fenton-like reaction to generate cancer cell-toxic hydroxyl radicals (OH•).

Global, regional, and national burden of cutaneous malignant melanoma from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2045.

Background: Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM) is a significant global health challenge. Understanding regional differences in CMM prevalence and trends is crucial for developing targeted strategies. To address this, we analyzed epidemiological patterns and investigated risk factors for CMM-related mortality.

Kangfuxin solution alleviates esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A natural ingredient strategy.

Background: Esophageal stricture ranks among the most significant complications following endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Excessive fibrotic repair is a typical pathological feature leading to stenosis after ESD.

Aim: To examine the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of Kangfuxin solution (KFX) in mitigating excessive fibrotic repair of the esophagus post-ESD.

Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody prevents chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice by inducing immune tolerance of CD8 T cells and alleviating thymus injury.

Background: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) manifests with characteristics of autoimmune disease with organs attacked by pathogenic helper T cells. Recent studies have highlighted the role of T cells in cGVHD pathogenesis. Due to limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, preventing cGVHD after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become a major challenge.

Bioorthogonal Janus microparticles for photothermal and chemo-therapy.

Bioorthogonal chemistry, recognized as a highly efficient tool in chemical biology, has shown significant value in cancer treatment. The primary objective is to develop efficient delivery strategies to achieve enhanced bioorthogonal drug treatment for tumors. Here, Janus microparticles (JMs) loaded with cyclooctene-modified doxorubicin prodrug (TCO-DOX) and tetrazine-modified indocyanine green (Tz-ICG) triggers are reported.

Diverse phenotype of Ménière's disease associated with family history, thyroid disorder, migraine and associated disorders.

Objective: To better understand the clinical phenotype of Ménière's disease (MD), we examined family history, thyroid disorder, migraine, and associated disorders in complaints of people living with MD.

Method: We designed the study as a retrospective and examined data gathered from 912 participants with MD. Their data were originally collected by the Finnish Ménière Federation (FMF).

Prevalence and associated factors of MAFLD in adults with type 2 diabetes.

To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the United States.Data were retrieved from the 2017‒March 2020 prepandemic cycle of the National Health and Nutritional Examination and Survey (NHANES). The study population included patients with T2DM.

Vaccine Therapies for Prostate Cancer: Current Status and Future Outlook.

Prostate cancer is a prevalent cancer in elderly men, and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach in recent years. The aim of immunotherapy is to stimulate the body's immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. Cancer vaccines that are highly specific, safe, and capable of creating long-lasting immune responses are a key focus in cancer immunotherapy research.

Safety and clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy with immunotherapy for organ preservation in ultra-low rectal cancer: preliminary results of the CHOICE-I trial: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with a PD-1 antibody in improving complete clinical response (cCR) and organ preservation in patients with ultra-low rectal cancer.

Methods: This was a prospective phase II, single-arm, open-label trial. Patients with confirmed pMMR status T1-3aN0-1M0 retcal adenocarcinoma were included.

Inflammation-induced Generation of Splenic Erythroblast-like Ter- Cells Inhibits the Progression of Acute Lung Injury via Artemin.

Identifying inflammation-induced leukocyte subsets and their derived circulating factors has been instrumental in understanding the progession of ALI/ARDS. Nevertheless, how primary inflammation-induced non-leukocyte populations in distal organs contribute to ALI/ARDS remains poorly defined. Here, we report one population of erythroblast-like cells (Ter-cells) deriving from megakaryocyte- erythroid progenitor cells with a unique Ter-119+CD45-CD71+ phenotype in ALI/ARDS.

Status of a New Model of ERCP Training in China: A Nationwide Survey of Standardized Training for ERCP Procedure (STEP) Programs.

Aims: ERCP training should adapt to the rapid development of ERCP technology and indications. China has a large population and vast land area, but ERCP training resources are insufficient. To make effective use of scarce ERCP training resources, the Standardized Training for ERCP Procedure (STEP) program was launched as a pilot trial.

Regulator of G protein signaling-1 facilitates ovarian cancer development by modulating NF-kB signal pathway.

Regulator of G protein signaling 1 (RGS1) is known to be highly expressed in various tumors, but its specific effects and regulatory mechanism in ovarian cancer (OC) progression are not well understood. To delve into the tumor biology, a predictive risk model for OC was developed, incorporating RGS1, PRKG2, CD24, and ABCB1, with RGS1 exhibiting the strongest correlation. The model's reliability and validity were confirmed through Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and principal component analysis (PCA).

Prediction of pulmonary embolism by an explainable machine learning approach in the real world.

In recent years, large amounts of researches showed that pulmonary embolism (PE) has become a common disease, and PE remains a clinical challenge because of its high mortality, high disability, high missed and high misdiagnosed rates. To address this, we employed an artificial intelligence-based machine learning algorithm (MLA) to construct a robust predictive model for PE. We retrospectively analyzed 1480 suspected PE patients hospitalized in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between May 2015 and April 2020.

Targeting cryptic allosteric sites of G protein-coupled receptors as a novel strategy for biased drug discovery.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of membrane receptors and are highly effective targets for therapeutic drugs. GPCRs couple different downstream effectors, including G proteins (such as Gi/o, Gs, G12, and Gq) and β-arrestins (such as β-arrestin 1 and β-arrestin 2) to mediate diverse cellular and physiological responses. Biased signaling allows for the specific activation of certain pathways from the full range of receptors' signaling capabilities.

The double-edged role of IL-18 in reproductive endocrine and reproductive immune related disorders.

Interleukin (IL)-18 is one of the members of IL-1 family cytokines, it was originally named as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) inducing factor. IL-18 is a pleiotropic immune regulator and has a bidirectional regulatory effect on immunity. It exerts a potent pro-inflammatory effect by inducing the expression of IFN-γ, also has an important anti-inflammatory role.

Association of body mass index with clinicopathological features among patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with surgery: a retrospective study.

To investigate the potential association between body mass index (BMI) and the clinicopathological features of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We retrospectively analyzed data from 2541 patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy for renal masses between 2013 and 2023 in a single institution. Patients were divided into normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups based on the Chinese BMI classification.