Smart Liposomal Nanocarrier Enhanced the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke through Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) Pathway Inhibition of Ischemic Penumbra.

Brain inflammation is regarded as one of the leading causes that aggravates secondary brain injury and hinders the prognosis of ischemic stroke. After ischemic stroke, high quantities of peripheral neutrophils are recruited to brain lesions and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), leading to the aggravation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, activation of microglia, and ultimate neuronal death. Herein, a smart multifunctional delivery system has been developed to regulate immune disorders in the ischemic brain.

Dual-Stable-Isotope-Probed Raman microspectroscopy reveals the metabolic dynamic of Streptococcus mutans.

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is regarded as a cariogenic pathogen with the ability to metabolize sugars and form organic acids. However, its actual timely level of glucose consumption and cellular vitality in a polymicrobial culture system remains largely unknown.

Variabilities in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of the spleen and the paraspinal muscle: A single center large cohort study.

Purpose: Evaluation of the variabilities in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of the spleen (ADC) and the paraspinal muscles (ADC) to identify the reference organ for normalizing the ADC from the abdominal diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).

Methods: Two MRI scanners, with 314 abdominal exams on the GE and 929 on the Siemens system, were used for MRI examinations including DWI (b-values, 50 and 800 s/mm). For a subset of 73 exams on the Siemens system a second exam was conducted.

Universal cutoff for tumor mutational burden in predicting the efficacy of anti-PD-(L)1 therapy for advanced cancers.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s tumor-agnostic approval of pembrolizumab in high tumor mutational burden (TMB-high, i.e., TMB≥10 mut/Mb) cases, based on the data from KEYNOTE-158, has raised considerable concerns among the immuno-oncology community.

Development and validation of the UCSS score, a novel method to predict septic shock after PCNL.

Objective: To develop an objective and easily recognizable model to predict septic shock following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Subjects And Methods: First, we identified differences between 431 patients who underwent PCNL with or without septic shock. These data were used to develop existing models and examine their improvement.

Gumarontinib in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring exon 14 skipping mutations: a multicentre, single-arm, open-label, phase 1b/2 trial.

Background: Approximately 3-4% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have exon 14 (ex14) skipping mutations. We report primary results from the phase 2 stage of a phase 1b/2 study of gumarontinib, a selective, potent, oral MET inhibitor, in patients with ex14 skipping mutation-positive (ex14-positive) NSCLC.

Methods: The single-arm, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 stage of the GLORY study was conducted at 42 centres across China and Japan.

Efficacy and Safety of CMAB008 Compared with Innovator Infliximab in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Concomitant Methotrexate: A Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-center, Phase III Non-inferiority Study.

Objectives: The aim of this work is to verify the non-inferior efficacy and safety of CMAB008 compared with innovator infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis patients combined with methotrexate.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, parallel, positive control design, multicenter study, with a stable dose of methotrexate. Patients were enrolled randomly with a ratio of 1:1 to receive intravenously CMAB008 3 mg/kg or innovator infliximab 3 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14, 22 and 30.

RCN2 promotes Nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by curbing Calcium flow and Mitochondrial apoptosis.

Objective: Evidence suggests that calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be induced to cause calcium overload, which in turn can trigger mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Dysregulation of systemic calcium homeostasis and changing levels of calcium-binding proteins have been shown to be associated with the malignant behavior of tumors. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains uncertain.

Tumor size measurements of pancreatic cancer with neoadjuvant therapy based on RECIST guidelines: is MRI as effective as CT?

Objectives: To compare tumor size measurements using CT and MRI in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients with neoadjuvant therapy (NAT).

Methods: This study included 125 histologically confirmed PC patients who underwent NAT. The tumor sizes from CT and MRI before and after NAT were compared by using Bland-Altman analyses and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Abdomen: Correction for Gradient Nonlinearity Bias in Apparent Diffusion Coefficient.

Background: Gradient nonlinearity (GNL) introduces spatial nonuniformity bias in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements, especially at large offsets from the magnet isocenter.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of GNL in abdominal ADC measurements and to develop an ADC bias correction procedure.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Influence of Baseline HbA1c and Antiplatelet Therapy on 1-Year Vein Graft Outcome.

Background: The influence of baseline HbA1c levels on vein graft outcomes post coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between baseline HbA1c and 1-year vein graft patency, and the effects of antiplatelet therapy on the 1-year vein graft patency after CABG in patients with baseline HbA1c <6.5% vs ≥6.

Distinguishing pancreatic solid serous cystadenomas from nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors by computed tomography: A propensity score analysis.

This study aims to evaluate the utility of calculated computed tomography (CT) attenuation value ratio (AVR) and enhancement pattern in distinguishing pancreatic solid serous cystadenomas (SCAs) from nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-pNETs). A total of 142 consecutive patients with 22 solid SCAs and 120 NF-pNETs confirmed by pathology were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT and were categorized into 2 groups, solid SCA and NF-pNET groups.

A multicenter, randomized, open, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Honglilai Vaginal Cream and Premarin Vaginal Cream for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in different subgroups of Chinese postmenopausal women.

Aim: In a randomized, multicenter, open, controlled trial, we compared the effects of Honglilai Vaginal Cream and Premarin Vaginal Cream in different age subgroups and menopausal year subgroups (trial registration numbers: 02003L00493).

Methods: Postmenopausal women with Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) were divided into Honglilai group ( = 319) and Premarin group ( = 116), while subgroups were divided according to their different characteristics of age and menopausal years. Honglilai Vaginal Cream (0.

Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in both developed and developing countries. The incidence of pancreatic cancer in China accounts for about a quater of the global incidence, and the epidemiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies differ due to social, economic, cultural, environmental, and public health factors. Non-domestic guidelines do not reflect the clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment patterns of Chinese patients.

Oxalate-induced apoptosis through ERS-ROS-NF-κB signalling pathway in renal tubular epithelial cell.

Background: Kidney stones are composed of approximately 70-80% calcium oxalate. However, the exact mechanism of formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the NF-κB signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of oxalate-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury and its possible molecular mechanisms.

Yohimbine hydrochloride inhibits skin melanin synthesis by regulating wnt/β-catenin and p38/MAPK signal pathways.

Background: Yohimbine hydrochloride (YH) is a prescription drug to treat erectile dysfunction. It also had potential in fighting high blood pressure and diabetic neuropathy as well as promoting weight loss.

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the anti-melanogenic function of yohimbine hydrochloride and reveal its underlying molecular mechanism.

Machine Learning Algorithms for Rupture Risk Assessment of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Diagnostic Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Several machine learning algorithms have been increasingly applied to predict the rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms. We performed the present diagnostic meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic value of machine learning algorithms for assessing the rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods: We systematically searched 3 electronic databases, including Medline (via PubMed), the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (via Ovid), and Embase (via Elsevier), to retrieve eligible studies from the databases' inception through March 2021.

Lynch syndrome pre-screening and comprehensive characterization in a multi-center large cohort of Chinese patients with colorectal cancer.

Objective: Lynch syndrome (LS) pre-screening methods remain under-investigated in colorectal cancers (CRCs) in Asia. Here, we aimed to systematically investigate LS pre-screening and comprehensively characterize LS CRCs.

Methods: Microsatellite instability (MSI) and germline variants of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes were examined in 406 deficient MMR (dMMR) and 250 proficient MMR CRCs.

Enhanced treatment of cerebral ischemia-Reperfusion injury by intelligent nanocarriers through the regulation of neurovascular units.

Reperfusion injury is one of the major causes of disability and death caused by ischemic stroke, and drug development focuses mainly on single neuron protection. However, different kinds of cells in the neurovascular units (NVUs), including neurons, microglia and vascular endothelial cells, are pathologically changed after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, resulting in an urgent need to develop a drug delivery system to comprehensively protect the kinds of cells involved in the NVU. Herein, we have constructed a c(RGDyK) peptide modified, NF-κB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)-loaded and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) stimuli-responsive liposomal nanocarrier (R-Lipo-CAPE) to target ischemic lesions and then remodel the NVU to reduce the progression of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Serum metabonomics as a diagnostic approach for cancer-related fatigue.

In the present study, differences in metabolic pathways between patients with and without cancer-related fatigue (CRF) were examined to identify metabolic serum biomarkers of CRF. In this preliminary study, metabolic profiling was applied to analyze the serum samples from 14 patients with CRF and 11 non-CRF individuals (non-fatigue cancer survivors) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis was adopted to evaluate the differences between the CRF and non-CRF groups.

Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Radioprotective Effect on the Testes and Intestines Through Antioxidant Effects and Inhibition of MAPK Signal Pathways.

The testes and intestines are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Low-dose radiation can cause infertility and enteritis. However, there is a lack of safe and efficient radioprotective agents.

The surgical strategies of vaginoplasty for vaginal agenesis patients with or without functional uterus.

Background: Vaginal agenesis is a rare condition worldwide. Most reported cases were accompanied by the absence of uterus or uterine hypoplasia; for patients with functional endometrium, hysterectomy was most likely to be conducted to lower postoperative complications.

Objective: Based on our successful experience in vaginoplasty with autologous buccal mucosal, the purpose of this article is to discuss the surgical strategies in the reconstruction of neovaginal for vaginal agenesis patients with functional uterus and cervical hypoplasia.