Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: 2024 update.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with destructive arthritis as its main clinical manifestation, which is a major cause of disability. It is very important to formulate and update a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of RA that adhere to international guideline development standards and can be applied to clinical practice in China. This guideline is endorsed and developed by the National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, collaborated with Rheumatologists Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Rheumatology Rehabilitation Branch of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rheumatology Branch of Chinese Research Hospital Association, and Rheumatology Branch of Beijing Association of Holistic Integrative Medicine, based on grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) and reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare (RIGHT).

Association of life's essential 8 with prevalence and all-cause mortality of chronic kidney disease among US adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018).

Background And Objectives: The association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease has been previously evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and the prevalence and all-cause mortality of CKD in a nationally representative population of adults in the US.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2015-2018.

EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy fine-needle aspiration for histopathological evidence for type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: A single-center retrospective study in China.

Background And Objectives: EUS is recommended for guiding pancreatic tissue acquisition in suspected autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) cases. However, there is a lack of comparative research on the effectiveness between EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) for diagnosing AIP in China. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) specifically for type 1 AIP.

Lysosome-targeted dual-locked NIR fluorescent probe for visualization of HS and viscosity in drug-induced liver injury and tumor models.

Background: Lysosomes, as an indispensable subcellular organelle have numerous physiological functions closely associated with HS and viscosity, and accurate assessment of HS/viscosity fluctuations in lysosomes is essential for gaining a comprehensive understanding of lysosome-related physiological activities and pathological processes. The previous single-response fluorescent probes for either HS or viscosity alone have the potential to generate "false positive" signals in a complex biological environment. In contrast, dual-locked probes can simultaneously respond to multiple targets simultaneously, which could effectively eliminate this defect.

Metabolic pathway and genetically causal links of 1,400 circulating metabolites on the risk of intracranial aneurysms and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: The rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) leads to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), which is associated with significant disability and mortality rates. This study aims to identify metabolic markers causally linked to the occurrence of IAs and aSAH through Mendelian randomization (MR), thereby offering novel predictive and therapeutic targets.

Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on IAs and aSAH, analyzing 1,400 metabolomic indices from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) cohort (n = 8,299).

IL-33, a neutrophil extracellular trap-related gene involved in the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

Background: Chronic inflammation is well recognized as a key factor related to renal function deterioration in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in amplifying inflammation. With respect to NET-related genes, the aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of DKD progression and therefore identify potential intervention targets.

WATCHMAN versus LACbes® device for percutaneous left atrial appendage closure: a single-center, propensity-matched study.

Background: Different left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) devices have been introduced into the clinical setting. A new dual-seal mechanism LACbes® occluder with isogenous barbs for LAAC has been designed to facilitate easier delivery and improve safety. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of the WATCHMAN with those of the LACbes® device for LAAC.

Periarterial divestment following neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer with celiac axis invasion: A safe and effective surgical procedure.

Background: Modern pancreatic surgery has gradually changed with the introduction of neoadjuvant therapy. For patients with pancreatic cancer involving peripancreatic visceral arteries who have received neoadjuvant therapy, periarterial divestment has gradually gained popularity, which represents an alternative to arterial resection. There is ongoing debate about whether this approach achieves curative tumor resection comparable to that of arterial resection, and the differences in terms of postoperative complications and oncologic outcomes between the 2 surgical procedures.

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Analysis of 462 hospitalized Chinese patients in Shanghai.

While acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) remains clinically critical, the etiology of bleeding and risk factors for mortality remain uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the underlying causes of AUGIB and identify risk factors associated with fatality. A retrospective survey was conducted in a major clinical hospital in Shanghai, where inpatients diagnosed with AUGIB were meticulously collected and analyzed.

Adverse events of 20-22G second-generation endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy needles for solid lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Previous research has conducted meta-analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB). However, studies on adverse events (AEs) have been limited and sporadic and have included a highly diverse group of patients (with upper and lower gastrointestinal tract issues) and needles of varying sizes (19-22-25G). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the incidence of AEs related to the utilization of 20-22G second-generation EUS-FNB needles subsequent to puncture of the upper gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs.

A phase Ia study of a novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate GQ1001 in patients with previously treated HER2 positive advanced solid tumors.

Background: A novel anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) GQ1001 was assessed in patients with previously treated HER2 positive advanced solid tumors in a global multi-center phase Ia dose escalation trial.

Methods: In this phase Ia trial, a modified 3 + 3 study design was adopted during dose escalation phase. Eligible patients were enrolled, and GQ1001 monotherapy was administered intravenously every 3 weeks.

A simple polydopamine-based platform for engineering extracellular vesicles with brain-targeting peptide and imaging probes to improve stroke outcome.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great potential for treating various diseases. Translating EVs-based therapy from bench to bedside remains challenging due to inefficient delivery of EVs to the injured area and lack of techniques to visualize the entire targeting process. Here we developed a dopamine surface functionalization platform that facilitates easy and simultaneous conjugation of targeting peptide and multi-mode imaging probes to the surface of EVs.

[Research advances on the genetic pathogenesis and gene therapy for pancreatitis].

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. It has a high prevalence and mortality rate worldwide, with no radical cure. Breakthroughs have been recently made in genetic research of pancreatitis.

Long-term Outcomes of Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation versus Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Widespread Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Neoplasia.

Background/aims: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) is a treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), with a relatively low risk of stenosis; however, the long-term outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with widespread superficial ESCN who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or ERFA.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with superficial ESCN who underwent ESD or ERFA between January 2015 and December 2021.

Glutathione depletion-based pH-responsive injectable hydrogels for synergistic treatment of colon tumor.

In this paper, a pH-sensitive chitosan-grafted phenylboronic acid (CS-BA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel was constructed based on dynamic borate bonding for loading chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CDDP) and divalent Cu (CS-BA/PVA-Cu-CDDP). The hydrogel can respond and degrade specifically in the simulative acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), and the released Cu can deplete glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells and generate Cu. It is worth noting that, Cu can further catalyze the Fenton-like reaction to generate cancer cell-toxic hydroxyl radicals (OH•).

Global, regional, and national burden of cutaneous malignant melanoma from 1990 to 2021 and prediction to 2045.

Background: Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM) is a significant global health challenge. Understanding regional differences in CMM prevalence and trends is crucial for developing targeted strategies. To address this, we analyzed epidemiological patterns and investigated risk factors for CMM-related mortality.

Kangfuxin solution alleviates esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A natural ingredient strategy.

Background: Esophageal stricture ranks among the most significant complications following endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Excessive fibrotic repair is a typical pathological feature leading to stenosis after ESD.

Aim: To examine the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of Kangfuxin solution (KFX) in mitigating excessive fibrotic repair of the esophagus post-ESD.

Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody prevents chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice by inducing immune tolerance of CD8 T cells and alleviating thymus injury.

Background: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) manifests with characteristics of autoimmune disease with organs attacked by pathogenic helper T cells. Recent studies have highlighted the role of T cells in cGVHD pathogenesis. Due to limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, preventing cGVHD after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become a major challenge.

Bioorthogonal Janus microparticles for photothermal and chemo-therapy.

Bioorthogonal chemistry, recognized as a highly efficient tool in chemical biology, has shown significant value in cancer treatment. The primary objective is to develop efficient delivery strategies to achieve enhanced bioorthogonal drug treatment for tumors. Here, Janus microparticles (JMs) loaded with cyclooctene-modified doxorubicin prodrug (TCO-DOX) and tetrazine-modified indocyanine green (Tz-ICG) triggers are reported.

Diverse phenotype of Ménière's disease associated with family history, thyroid disorder, migraine and associated disorders.

Objective: To better understand the clinical phenotype of Ménière's disease (MD), we examined family history, thyroid disorder, migraine, and associated disorders in complaints of people living with MD.

Method: We designed the study as a retrospective and examined data gathered from 912 participants with MD. Their data were originally collected by the Finnish Ménière Federation (FMF).

Prevalence and associated factors of MAFLD in adults with type 2 diabetes.

To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the United States.Data were retrieved from the 2017‒March 2020 prepandemic cycle of the National Health and Nutritional Examination and Survey (NHANES). The study population included patients with T2DM.

HistoNeXt: dual-mechanism feature pyramid network for cell nuclear segmentation and classification.

Purpose: To develop an end-to-end convolutional neural network model for analyzing hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)-stained histological images, enhancing the performance and efficiency of nuclear segmentation and classification within the digital pathology workflow.

Methods: We propose a dual-mechanism feature pyramid fusion technique that integrates nuclear segmentation and classification tasks to construct the HistoNeXt network model. HistoNeXt utilizes an encoder-decoder architecture, where the encoder, based on the advanced ConvNeXt convolutional framework, efficiently and accurately extracts multi-level abstract features from tissue images.

Vaccine Therapies for Prostate Cancer: Current Status and Future Outlook.

Prostate cancer is a prevalent cancer in elderly men, and immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach in recent years. The aim of immunotherapy is to stimulate the body's immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. Cancer vaccines that are highly specific, safe, and capable of creating long-lasting immune responses are a key focus in cancer immunotherapy research.

Safety and clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy with immunotherapy for organ preservation in ultra-low rectal cancer: preliminary results of the CHOICE-I trial: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with a PD-1 antibody in improving complete clinical response (cCR) and organ preservation in patients with ultra-low rectal cancer.

Methods: This was a prospective phase II, single-arm, open-label trial. Patients with confirmed pMMR status T1-3aN0-1M0 retcal adenocarcinoma were included.