Influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge and microbial communities.

The influence of long-term exposure of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to waste activated sludge on anaerobic digestion and microbial communities was studied. The exposure concentrations were 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 mg g-volatile suspended solids (VSS) (dry). ZnO NPs inhibit the degradation of macromolecular organic matter and the reduction of VSS in waste activated sludge during anaerobic digestion.