Characterization and quantification of iron species in the banded iron formations (BIFs) in China Craton to explore the potential for H2 production using XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy.

Banded iron formations (BIFs), significant iron ore deposits formed approximately 2.3 billion years ago under low-oxygen conditions, have recently gained attention as potential geological sources for evaluating hydrogen (H₂) production. BIFs are characterized by high concentrations of iron oxide (20 to 40 wt.

Trace elements in fish species from the Punjnad headworks: Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment.

Aquatic toxicology, as a result of industrial and agrieqcultural effluences, has become a global concern impacting not only the well-being of aquatic organisms but human health as well. The current study evaluated the impact of four toxic trace elements (TTEs) Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in three organs (liver, gills, and muscles) of five fish species viz, Rita rita, Sperata sarwari, Wallago attu, Mastacembelus armatus, and Cirrhinus mrigala collected from right and left banks of Punjnad headworks during winter, spring, and summer. We investigated the accumulation (mg/kg) of these TTEs in fish in addition to the human health risk assessment.

Dynamic Accommodation Responses in Subjects Wearing Myopia Control Spectacles Modifying Peripheral Refraction.

Purpose: Peripheral optics have been suggested to play a role in myopia progression, with accommodation responses also considered a potential contributor. This study aimed to investigate whether modifications in peripheral optics through different spectacle lenses affect accommodation responses.

Methods: Dynamic accommodation responses were assessed using a double-pass instrument while switching the target from distance (3 m for 3 seconds) to near (0.

The Effect of Cysteine on the Removal of Cadmium in Paddy Soil by Combination with Bioremediation and the Response of the Soil Microbial Community.

Bioremediation is widely recognized as a promising and efficient approach for the elimination of Cd from contaminated paddy soils. However, the Cd removal efficacy achieved through this method remains unsatisfactory and is accompanied by a marginally higher cost. Cysteine has the potential to improve the bioleaching efficiency of Cd from soils and decrease the use cost since it is green, acidic and has a high Cd affinity.

Behavior and Mechanisms of Antimony Precipitation from Wastewater by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria .

The development of the non-ferrous metal industry is generating increasingly large quantities of wastewater containing heavy metals (e.g., Sb).

In Vitro Evaluation of Ruminal Digestibility, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Diversity of Kenaf Crop at Various Cutting Heights.

The current study investigated the in vitro degradability, in vitro gas production, methane (CH) production, and ruminal bacterial community of kenaf plants cut at different heights (130, 160, 190, 220, and 250 cm). These samples were subjected to an in vitro batch culture system using buffalo rumen fluid to measure gas and CH production at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h of incubation. Results reveal that crude protein (CP) concentration was the highest at the 220 cm height compared with the other heights.

Intranasal Immunization with DNA Vaccine HA-CCL19/Polyethylenimine/Chitosan Composite Provides Immune Protection Against H7N9 Infection.

Background/objectives: The H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) constitutes a novel subtype of influenza virus that has emerged within the past decade. Empirical studies have demonstrated that H7N9 AIV holds the potential to trigger a human pandemic. Vaccines constitute the sole armament available to humanity in combating influenza epidemics.

Raman and Photoluminescence Studies of Quasiparticles in van der Waals Materials.

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have received much attention due to the unique properties stemming from their van der Waals (vdW) interactions, quantum confinement, and many-body interactions of quasi-particles, which drive their exotic optical and electronic properties, making them critical in many applications. Here, we review our past years' findings, focusing on many-body interactions in 2D layered materials, including phonon anharmonicity, electron-phonon coupling (), exciton dynamics, and phonon anisotropy based on temperature (polarization)-dependent Raman spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL). Our review sheds light on the role of quasi-particles in tuning the material properties, which could help optimize 2D materials for future applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.

Study on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of TiC Particle-Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites Regulated by Different Rare Earth Elements.

Copper matrix composites (CMCs) synergistically reinforced with rare earth oxides (ReO) and TiC were prepared using a powder metallurgy process with vacuum hot-pressing and sintering technology, aiming to explore new ways to optimize the properties of composites. Through this innovative approach, we propose a new solution strategy and idea for the difficult problem of mutual constraints between electrical and mechanical properties faced by traditional dual-phase reinforced Cu-matrix composites. Meanwhile, the modulation mechanism of ReO in CMCs and the electrical and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.

Mapping Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in Hunan Province, China.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a major public health challenge in China, with varying treatment outcomes across different regions. Understanding the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes is crucial for targeted interventions to improve treatment success in high-burden areas such as Hunan Province. This study aimed to map the spatial distribution of DR-TB treatment outcomes at a local level and identify sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with poor treatment outcomes in Hunan Province, China.

Electron Beam-Assisted Au Nanocrystal Shear and Rotation.

Understanding metastable structural transitions under beam irradiation is essential for the phase engineering of nanomaterials. However, in situ studies of beam-induced structural transitions remain challenging. This work uses an electron beam in aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy to irradiate Au nanocrystals at room temperature.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Estimation of Evolutionary Divergence and Biogeography of the Family Cordycipitaceae (Ascomycota, Hypocreales).

The Cordycipitaceae family of insecticidal fungi is widely distributed in nature, is the most complex in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota), with members displaying a diversity of morphological characteristics and insect host ranges. Based on Bayesian evolutionary analysis of five genomic loci(the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU) gene, the large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU) gene, the translation elongation factor 1-α () gene, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (), we inferred the divergence times for members of the Cordycipitaceae, improving the internal phylogeny of this fungal family. Molecular clock analyses indicate that the ancestor of occurred in the Paleogene period (34.

A Local Adversarial Attack with a Maximum Aggregated Region Sparseness Strategy for 3D Objects.

The increasing reliance on deep neural network-based object detection models in various applications has raised significant security concerns due to their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. In physical 3D environments, existing adversarial attacks that target object detection (3D-AE) face significant challenges. These attacks often require large and dispersed modifications to objects, making them easily noticeable and reducing their effectiveness in real-world scenarios.

BSA-Assisted Synthesis of Au Nanoclusters/MnO Nanosheets for Fluorescence "Switch-On" Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase.

A fluorescence probe for "switch-on" detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was developed based on Au nanoclusters anchored MnO nanosheets (Au NCs-MnO NSs), which were synthesized using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as template through a simple one-pot approach. In the sensing system, MnO NSs function as both energy acceptors and target identifiers, effectively quenches the fluorescence of Au NCs via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The presence of ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AAP) to ascorbic acid (AA), reducing MnO NSs to Mn and facilitate the fluorescence recovery of Au NCs.

Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on Dual Redox Mediators.

Electrochemical glucose sensor holds significant promise for the monitoring of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. In this study, we proposed a novel electrochemical glucose sensor based on 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione (PD)/Ru(III) as a dual redox mediator. The synergistic effect of PD and Ru(III) was utilized to efficiently facilitate the electron transfer between the enzyme-active center and the electrode.

A Mechanical-Electrochemical Dual-Model E-Skin for the Monitoring of Cardiovascular Healthcare.

The early monitoring of cardiovascular biomarkers is essential for the prevention and management of some cardiovascular diseases. Here, we present a novel, compact, and highly integrated skin electrode as a mechanical-electrochemical dual-model E-skin, designed for the real-time monitoring of heart rate and sweat ion concentration, two critical parameters for assessing cardiovascular health. As a pressure sensor, this E-skin is suitable for accurate heart rate monitoring, as it exhibits high sensitivity (25.

Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of Regional Economic Resilience in China.

This study estimates regional economic resilience in China from 2000 to 2022, focusing on economic resistance resilience, recovery resilience, and reorientation resilience. The entropy method, kernel density estimation, and spatial Durbin model are applied to examine the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors. The results show significant spatial clustering, with stronger resilience in the east and weaker resilience in the west.

Multi-Agent Hierarchical Graph Attention Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning.

Multi-agent systems often face challenges such as elevated communication demands, intricate interactions, and difficulties in transferability. To address the issues of complex information interaction and model scalability, we propose an innovative hierarchical graph attention actor-critic reinforcement learning method. This method naturally models the interactions within a multi-agent system as a graph, employing hierarchical graph attention to capture the complex cooperative and competitive relationships among agents, thereby enhancing their adaptability to dynamic environments.

Cyanamide-Based Cyclization Reactions for Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles Synthesis.

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles, such as indoles and quinolines, serve as the key scaffolds in numerous pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and natural products. The synthesis methods of nitrogen-containing heterocycles show significant scientific and industrial value. As a chemical intermediate featuring dual functional groups, cyanamide plays a crucial role in organic synthesis, directly affecting the development of new drugs and the design of new materials.

Access to Chiral Bridged Biaryls via Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Alcohols to Fluoroalkylated Biaryl Oxazepines.

We disclose herein a chiral phosphoric-acid-catalyzed enantioselective addition reaction of alcohols to fluoroalkylated biaryl 1,3-oxoazepines, which furnished a wide range of bridged biaryls bearing a fluoroalkylated quaternary carbon stereocenter on the seven-membered ring in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). Our method can be used for the modification of several natural products and bioactive molecules. Preliminary studies revealed that the products obtained in this reaction exhibit good in vitro bioactivities against two plant pathogens.

Semiconductor photocatalytic antibacterial materials and their application for bone infection treatment.

Bacterial infection in bone tissue engineering is a severe clinical issue. Traditional antimicrobial methods usually cause problems such as bacterial resistance and biosecurity. Employing semiconductor photocatalytic antibacterial materials is a more controlled and safer strategy, wherein semiconductor photocatalytic materials generate reactive oxygen species under illumination for killing bacteria by destroying their cell membranes, proteins, DNA, In this review, P-type and N-type semiconductor photocatalytic materials and their antibacterial mechanisms are introduced.

Unveiling the chemical composition of unique flavor profiles in raw Pu-erh tea from different Tea-Producing Mountains.

The Chinese proverb "One mountain, one flavor" reflects that raw pu-erh tea (RPT) from different tea-producing mountains (TPMs) possesses distinct flavor profiles. However, limited research has been conducted on the chemical composition underlying distinct flavor profiles. In this study, sensory evaluation and main phytochemical compositions revealed diverse aromas of RPTs from 26 TPMs.

Traditional uses, botanical description, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of : a review.

Background: is an herbaceous herb belonging to the Phytolaccaceae family. The plant has a long history of usage in traditional medicine for treating a variety of ailments including infectious diseases, edema, inflammation, gastric, and abdominal distress. The traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of are outlined in this article.

CeFe nanofibrous carbon nanozyme integrated with smartphone for the point-of-care testing of norfloxacin in water.

The overuse of antibiotics has led to the severe contamination of water bodies, posing a considerable hazard to human health. Therefore, the development of an accurate and rapid point-of-care testing (POCT) platform for the quantitative detection of antibiotics is necessary. In this study, Cerium oxide (CeO) and Ferrosoferric oxide (FeO) nanoparticles were simultaneously encapsulated into N-doped nanofibrous carbon microspheres to form of a novel nanozyme (CeFe-NCMzyme) with a porous structure, high surface area, and N-doped carbon material properties, leading to a considerable enhancement of the peroxidase (POD)-like activity compared with that of the CeO or FeO nanoparticles alone.