Deep-Ultraviolet AlN Metalens with Imaging and Ultrafast Laser Microfabrication Applications.

Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light is essential for applications including fabrication, molecular research, and biomedical imaging. Compact metalenses have the potential to drive further innovation in these fields, provided they utilize a material platform that is cost-effective, durable, and scalable. In this work, we present aluminum nitride (AlN) metalenses as an efficient solution for DUV applications.

Prior vaccination prevents overactivation of innate immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough infection.

At this stage in the COVID-19 pandemic, most infections are "breakthrough" infections that occur in individuals with prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure. To refine long-term vaccine strategies against emerging variants, we examined both innate and adaptive immunity in breakthrough infections. We performed single-cell transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional profiling of primary and breakthrough infections to compare immune responses from unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals during the SARS-CoV-2 Delta wave.

Early MRI Can Predict the Indication for Surgery in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: Results of the NAPTIME Study.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been routinely used for infants with brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI); instead, the decision to operate is based on the trajectory of clinical recovery by 6 months of age. The aim of this study was to develop an MRI protocol that can be performed without sedation or contrast in order to identify infants who would benefit from surgery at an earlier age than the age at which that decision could be made clinically.

Methods: This prospective multicenter NAPTIME (Non-Anesthetized Plexus Technique for Infant MRI Evaluation) study included infants aged 28 to 120 days with BPBI from 3 tertiary care centers.

Inotodiol induces hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis by activation of MAPK/ERK pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) has a high mortality and morbidity rate and seriously jeopardizes human life. Chemicals and chemotherapeutic agents have been experiencing problems such as side effects and drug resistance in the treatment of HCC, which cannot meet the needs of clinical treatment. Therefore, finding novel low-toxicity and high-efficiency anti-hepatocellular carcinoma drugs and exploring their mechanisms of action have become the current problems to be solved in the treatment of HCC.

An Immune Subtype Classification System Enables the Development of Strategies to Predict and Enhance Immunotherapy Responses in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. While immunotherapeutic approaches are effective in a subset of CRC patients, the majority of CRC cases receive limited benefits from immunotherapy. This study developed an immune subtype classification system based on diverse immune cells and pathways.

Prevalence and Clinical Associations of Peripapillary Hyperreflective Ovoid Mass-like Structures in Craniosynostosis.

Background: Patients with craniosynostosis are at high risk of developing elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) causing papilledema and secondary optic atrophy. Diagnosing and monitoring optic neuropathy is challenging because of multiple causes of vision loss including exposure keratopathy, amblyopia, and cognitive delays that limit examination. Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) are an optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding reported in association with papilledema and optic neuropathy.

Evidence of h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η Decay and Search for h_{b}(1P,2P)→ϒ(1S)π^{0} with the Belle Detector.

We report the first evidence for the h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η transition with a significance of 3.5 standard deviations. The decay branching fraction is measured to be B[h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η]=(7.

Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV.

Using the e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, at center-of-mass energies from the threshold to 4.95 GeV, we present precise measurements of the cross section for the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} using a single-tag method. The resulting cross section line shape exhibits several new structures, thereby offering an input for a future coupled-channel analysis and model tests, which are critical to understand vector charmonium-like states with masses between 4 and 5 GeV.

Improved Outcomes and Resource Use With Normothermic Machine Perfusion in Liver Transplantation.

Importance: Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has been shown to reduce peritransplant complications. Despite increasing NMP use in liver transplant (LT), there is a scarcity of real-world clinical experience data.

Objective: To compare LT outcomes between donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) allografts preserved with NMP or static cold storage (SCS).

Elite Alleles of EPE1 Identified via Genome-wide Association Studies Increase Panicle Elongation Length in Rice.

Panicle elongation length (PEL), which determines panicle exsertion, is an important outcrossing-related trait. Mining genes controlling PEL in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has great practical significance in breeding cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines with increased PEL and simplified, high-efficiency seed production.

Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Non-surgical Treatments with or without Exercise for Diastasis Recti Abdominis in Postpartum Women: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA), commonly occurring in postpartum women, is not only an aesthetic issue but is also highly associated with functional impairments. Various conservative treatment modalities have been employed in clinical practice to alleviate DRA. However, the comparative efficacy of these non-surgical treatments for improving the inter-recti distance (IRD) remains to be determined.

Formulation of Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Osthole Provides Long-Lasting Plant Protection against a Major Pest Mite.

The broader use of botanical pesticides has been limited by shorter residual activity on plants, slower onset of action, and higher costs compared with conventional pesticides. These challenges could be overcome by the development of simple, cost-effective, and long-lasting preventive nanocomposites for botanical pesticides. In this study, we successfully developed a low-cost ethyl cellulose (EC)-based delivery system for the botanical pesticide osthole (OST), designed to provide extended preventive protection against infestations.

Hepatocyte Rho-associated kinase signaling is required for mice to survive experimental porphyria-associated liver injury.

Background: Rho-associated kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) regulate critical cell functions, including actomyosin contractility, apoptosis, and proliferation. Some studies suggest that ROCK inhibition may serve as a treatment for liver fibrosis. More investigation is needed to understand the role of hepatocyte ROCK signaling in vivo, especially in the context of profibrotic liver injury.

Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Supported Layered Double Hydroxides (GCN@FeMg-LDH) for Efficient Water Splitting and Energy Harvesting.

The advancement of highly efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting, along with the development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), is crucial for sustainable energy generation and harvesting. In this study, a novel hybrid composite by integrating graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) with an earth-abundant FeMg-layered double hydroxide (LDH) (GCN@FeMg-LDH) was synthesized by the hydrothermal approach. Under controlled conditions, with optimized concentrations of metal ions and GCN, the fabricated electrode, GCN@FeMg-LDH demonstrated remarkably low overpotentials of 0.

Bioinspired Antiswelling Hydrogel Sensors with High Strength and Rapid Self-Recovery for Underwater Information Transmission.

Hydrogel-based sensors typically demonstrate conspicuous swelling behavior in aqueous environments, which can severely compromise the mechanical integrity and distort sensing signals, thereby considerably constraining their widespread applicability. Drawing inspiration from the multilevel heterogeneous structures in biological tissues, an antiswelling hydrogel sensor endowed with high strength, rapid self-recovery, and low swelling ratio was fabricated through a water-induced phase separation and coordination cross-linking strategy. A dense heterogeneous architecture was developed by the integration of "rigid" quadridentate carboxyl-Zr coordination bonds and "soft" hydrophobic unit-rich regions featuring π-π stacking and cation-π interactions into the hydrogels.

Prehabilitation of Patients With Oesophageal Malignancy Undergoing Peri-Operative Treatment (Pre-EMPT): Outcomes From a Prospective Controlled Trial.

Background: The Pre-EMPT study aimed to determine if structured exercise could reduce length of stay, post-operative complications and improve fitness and health-related quality of life (HQRL) in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and oesophagectomy.

Methods: A prospective non-randomised trial compared a standard care pathway (control) to a structured prehabilitation exercise programme (intervention) commenced before NAC and surgery for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Length of hospital stay and post-operative complications were recorded.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A: a natural pigment with potential anticancer therapeutic effect.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a natural pigment with a chalcone structure extracted from (Safflower), has been widely proven to have good efficacy on cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes. However, no study has reported on the anticancer mechanisms of Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a principal bioactive compound in safflower. This review discusses recent developments in the physicochemical properties and sources, pharmacological effects and mechanisms, pharmacokinetic progress, and safety of HSYA, focusing on the involvement of HSYA in the regulation of related pathways and mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy, and the tumor immune microenvironment in a variety of cancers.

Relationship between physical activity and college students' life satisfaction: the chain mediating effect of psychological resilience and negative emotions.

Objective: As the academic pressure, employment competition and mental health problems faced by college students are becoming more and more prominent, paying attention to and improving the quality of life and well-being of college students has become an important issue of widespread concern in all walks of life. This study focuses on the correlation between physical activity and college students' life satisfaction.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey method was applied to 326 college students, using the Physical Activity Rating Scale, the Psychological Resilience Scale, the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale.

Challenges and support factors in managing type 2 diabetes among pregnant women in Thailand: A convergent mixed-methods study.

Background: Sociocultural and behavioral factors have a multifaceted impact on maternal health. In Thailand, cultural influences significantly shape behaviors of diabetes self-management in women. However, the experience of self-managing diabetes in pregnant women with preexisting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear.

Factors Associated with Gonioscopy Before Glaucoma Procedures in the IRIS® Registry.

To analyze nationwide pre-operative gonioscopy utilization patterns for various glaucoma surgeries and laser surgeries over time using the IRIS Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). Retrospective cohort study. All adults who underwent a glaucoma surgery or laser surgery between January 1, 2014 and April 14, 2023.

High-resolution direct magnetic resonance imaging fistulography with hydrogen peroxide for diagnosing anorectal fistula: A preliminary retrospective study.

Background: Fistula-in-ano is an abnormal tunnel formation linking the anal canal with the perineum and perianal skin. Multiple imagining methods are available to evaluate it, among which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most advanced noninvasive preoperative method. However, it is limited in its visualization function.

Precise detection of NSE and ProGRP with nanoprobes for early diagnosis of small cell lung cancer.

A DNA strand-based fluorescent probe was developed for the direct simultaneous detection of small cell lung cancers' tumor markers NSE and ProGRP. The probe offers stability, simplicity, and rapid response, making it highly promising for application in clinical serum samples' diagnosis.

Triangular Margin: Reliable Imaging Feature of Fibrous Dysplasia in Long Bones?

Objective: To determine the utility of a triangular margin as an imaging diagnostic feature for fibrous dysplasia.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all surgically biopsied or managed benign and malignant bone tumors by a single orthopedic oncologist over 19 years (2003 to 2022). A musculoskeletal radiologist and an orthopedic oncologist, both with >10 years of experience, retrospectively evaluated all imaging in consensus.

Validation of a Deep Learning Tool for Detection of Incidental Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Objective: This study evaluated the performance of a deep learning-based vertebral compression fracture (VCF) detection tool in patients with incidental VCF. The purpose of this study was to validate this tool across multiple sites and multiple vendors.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter, multinational blinded study using anonymized chest and abdominal CT scans performed for indications other than VCF in patients ≥50 years old.