Sustainable Valorization of Rice Straw into Biochar and Carbon Dots Using a Novel One-Pot Approach for Dual Applications in Detection and Removal of Lead Ions.

Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes significant health hazards and environmental damage. Thus, the detection and removal of Pb ions in freshwater sources are imperative for safeguarding public health and the environment. Moreover, the transformation of single resources into multiple high-value products is vital for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Magnetic nano-sized solid acid catalyst bearing sulfonic acid groups for biodiesel synthesis and oxidation of sulfides.

In this study, the AlFeO@n-Pr@Et-SOH heterogeneous catalyst was successfully synthesized and utilized to produce biodiesel from oleic acid through an esterification process and to oxidize sulfides. To examine the physicochemical characteristics of the AlFeO@n-Pr@Et-SOH nanomaterial, a variety of advanced techniques were employed, including Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Elemental Mapping, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The AlFeO@n-Pr@Et-SOH materials demonstrated excellent performance in both the esterification of oleic acid and the oxidation of sulfides.

Exploring the link between sex hormone-binding globulin levels and prostate cancer risk: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) plays a critical role in regulating androgen bioavailability and has been hypothesized to influence prostate cancer risk, though existing evidence is inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between SHBG levels and prostate cancer risk.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published up to December 1, 2024.

Insights into the biogenic production of nanocomposites of NiO-chitosan for wastewater remediation.

In our study, we have tried to enhance the biological qualities of nickel oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites which were prepared using the extract of Aegle marmelos tree leaves and chitosan biopolymer. For in-depth study of the fabricated samples, numerous physiochemical approaches were utilized. The analysis used consists of field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Machine learning-based estimation of crude oil-nitrogen interfacial tension.

Accurate estimation of interfacial tension (IFT) between nitrogen and crude oil during nitrogen-based gas injection into oil reservoirs is imperative. The previous research works dealing with prediction of IFT of oil and nitrogen systems consider synthetic oil samples such n-alkanes. In this work, we aim to utilize eight machine learning methods of Decision Tree (DT), AdaBoost (AB), Random Forest (RF), K-nearest Neighbors (KNN), Ensemble Learning (EL), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) to construct data-driven intelligent models to predict crude oil - nitrogen IFT based upon experimental data of real crude oils samples encountered in underground oil reservoirs.

Interactions between lncRNAs and cyclins/CDKs complexes; key players in determining cancer cell response to CDKs inhibitors.

Transcription takes place over a significant portion of the human genome. However, only a small portion of the transcriptome, roughly 1.2%, consists of RNAs translated into proteins; the majority of transcripts, on the other hand, comprise a variety of RNA families with varying sizes and functions.

From diagnosis to therapy: The role of LncRNA GAS5 in combatting some cancers affecting women.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a collection of non-coding RNA molecules that consist of more than 200 nucleotides. In human malignancies, these lncRNAs exhibit abnormal expression patterns and play a significant role in either suppressing or promoting tumor growth. They achieve this by modulating various functions and mechanisms within cancer cells, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and resistance to different therapeutic approaches.

Computational evaluation of micropores wetting effect on the removal process of CO through the membrane contactor.

In the current years, gas-liquid membrane contactors (GLMCs) have been introduced as a promising, versatile and easy-to-operate technology for mitigating the emission of major greenhouse contaminants (i.e., CO and HS) to the ecosystem.

Wealth-based inequalities in tuberculosis prevalence among households having children and young adults in India: insights from Indian demographic and health surveys (2015-2021).

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health concern in India, especially among households with children and young adolescents aged 6-17 years. Despite ongoing research, there is a knowledge gap regarding specific risk factors for TB within this demographic. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the association between TB and various socio-demographic factors, including socioeconomic status, nutritional status, and environmental conditions.

Modeling saturation exponent of underground hydrocarbon reservoirs using robust machine learning methods.

Precise estimation of rock petrophysical parameters are seriously important for the reliable computation of hydrocarbon in place in the underground formations. Therefore, accurately estimation rock saturation exponent is necessary in this regard. In this communication, we aim to develop intelligent data-driven models of decision tree, random forest, ensemble learning, adaptive boosting, support vector machine and multilayer perceptron artificial neural network to predict rock saturation exponent parameter in terms of rock absolute permeability, porosity, resistivity index, true resistivity, and water saturation based on acquired 1041 field data.

The gut-brain axis: Unveiling the impact of xenobiotics on neurological health and disorders.

The Gut-Brain Axis (GBA) is a crucial link between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system. Xenobiotics, originating from diverse sources, play a significant role in shaping this interaction. This review examines how these compounds influence neurotransmitter dynamics within the GBA.

Soil temperature estimation at different depths using machine learning paradigms based on meteorological data.

Knowledge of soil temperature (ST) is important for analysing environmental conditions and climate change. Moreover, ST is a vital element of soil that impacts crop growth as well as the germination of the seeds. In this study, four machine-learning (ML) paradigms including random forest (RF), radial basis neural network (RBNN), multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), and co-active neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) were used for estimation of daily ST at different soil depths (i.

Virtual reality modulating dynamics of neuroplasticity: Innovations in neuro-motor rehabilitation.

Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a ground-breaking tool in neuroscience, revolutionizing our understanding of neuroplasticity and its implications for neurological rehabilitation. By immersing individuals in simulated environments, VR induces profound neurobiological transformations, affecting neuronal connectivity, sensory feedback mechanisms, motor learning processes, and cognitive functions. These changes highlight the dynamic interplay between molecular events, synaptic adaptations, and neural reorganization, emphasizing the potential of VR as a therapeutic intervention in various neurological disorders.

LncRNA CRNDE and HOTAIR: Molecules behind the scenes in the progression of gastrointestinal cancers through regulating microRNAs.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, such as gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer, pose a significant medical and economic burden globally, accounting for the majority of new cancer cases and deaths each year. A lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of GI cancers is reflected in the low efficacy of treatment for individuals with late stage and recurring illness. Understanding the molecular pathways that promote the growth of GI cancers may open doors for their therapy.

Netrin-1: Key insights in neural development and disorders.

Netrin-1, an essential extracellular protein, has gained significant attention due to its pivotal role in guiding axon and cell migration during embryonic development. The fundamental significance of netrin-1 in developmental biology is reflected in its high conservation across different species as a part of the netrin family. The bifunctional nature of netrin-1 demonstrates its functional versatility, as it can function as either a repellent or an attractant according to the context and the expressed receptors on the target cells including the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), the uncoordinated-5 (UNC5), DSCAM, Neogenin-1, Adenosine A2b and Draxin receptors.

Mortality reduction with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pneumococcal disease, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, imposes a significant global health burden, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly and immunocompromised. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is designed to protect against 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, there is ongoing debate about its effectiveness in reducing all-cause mortality.

Dysregulation of GAS5-miRNA-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Cancer Pathobiology: A Comprehensive Exploration of Pathways Influenced by this Axis.

The long non-coding RNA Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) is pivotal in modulating key signaling pathways by functioning as a molecular sponge for microRNAs (miRNAs). GAS5 is notably recognized for its antitumor properties, primarily through its ability to sequester oncogenic miRNAs, thereby influencing critical pathways such as p53, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt, all of which are integral to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The disruption of GAS5-miRNA interactions has been implicated in various malignancies, reinforcing its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target.

Exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9: A revolutionary approach to cancer gene editing.

Several molecular strategies based on targeted gene delivery systems have been developed in recent years; however, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology introduced a new era of targeted gene editing, precisely modifying oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other regulatory genes involved in carcinogenesis. However, efficiently and safely delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to cancer cells across the cell membrane and the nucleus is still challenging. Using viral vectors and nanoparticles presents issues of immunogenicity, off-target effects, and low targeting affinity.

Decoding the complex web: Cellular and molecular interactions in the lung tumor microenvironment.

The lung tumor microenvironment (TME) or stroma is a dynamic space of numerous cells and their released molecules. This complicated web regulates tumor progression and resistance to different modalities. Lung cancer cells in conjunction with their stroma liberate a wide range of factors that dampen antitumor attacks by innate immunity cells like natural killer (NK) cells and also adaptive responses by effector T cells.

Burden of neurologic diseases in BRICS countries (1990 to 2021): an analysis of 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Neurological disorders are a major global health concern, especially in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), where demographic and socio-economic changes have amplified their impact. This study evaluates trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with neurological diseases in these countries from 1990 to 2021, focusing on sex disparities and key risk factors.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.

siRNA-based therapy for overcoming drug resistance in human solid tumours; molecular and immunological approaches.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a primordial biological process that protects against external intrusion. SiRNA has the potential to selectively silence disease-related genes in a sequence-specific way, thus offering a promising therapeutic approach. The efficacy of siRNA-based therapies in cancer treatment has gained significant recognition due to multiple studies demonstrating its ability to effectively suppress cancer cells' growth and multiplication.

Examining the role of antioxidant supplementation in mitigating oxidative stress markers in Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review.

Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. One of the key pathological features of Alzheimer's disease is oxidative stress, which is characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the body's ability to neutralize them with antioxidants. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential role of antioxidant supplementation in mitigating oxidative stress markers in Alzheimer's disease.

Effect of soluble fiber supplementation on lipid parameters in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: There is no consensus in the existing literature regarding the effect of soluble fiber on the lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to assess the effect of soluble fiber on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in T2DM patients.

Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of sciences were searched for RCTs up to 4 May 2024.

The Effects of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) Consumption on Blood Pressure and Body Composition in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: Growing evidence has suggested that the consumption of chia seed can decrease blood pressure and obesity in adults. However, even studies have reported uncertain findings. The current meta-analysis aimed to assess the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of chia seed supplementation on blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP]) and body composition (waist circumference [WC], weight, body mass index [BMI]) in adults.