A high-gain gap waveguide-based 16 × 16 slot antenna array with low sidelobe level for mmwave applications.

This study presents the design of a high-gain 16 × 16-slot antenna array with a low sidelobe level (SLL) using a tapered ridge gap waveguide feeding network for Ka-band applications. The proposed antenna element includes four cavity-backed slot antennas. A tapered feeding network is designed and utilized for unequal feeding of the radiating elements.

Maximizing the safety and sustainability of MXenes.

Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) is a new regulatory concept guiding chemical and material innovation. The European Commission has recommended a two-stage SSbD framework and plan to revise it based on stakeholder feedback. The framework involves establishing key (re)design SSbD principles and assessment of the final innovation, however the applicability of the framework to advanced materials remains to be addressed.

Spatiotemporal single-cell roadmap of human skin wound healing.

Wound healing is vital for human health, yet the details of cellular dynamics and coordination in human wound repair remain largely unexplored. To address this, we conducted single-cell multi-omics analyses on human skin wound tissues through inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases of wound repair from the same individuals, monitoring the cellular and molecular dynamics of human skin wound healing at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. This singular roadmap reveals the cellular architecture of the wound margin and identifies FOSL1 as a critical driver of re-epithelialization.

Modelling PFAS Transport in Lake Ekoln: Implications for Drinking Water Safety in the Stockholm Region.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found frequently in both groundwater and surface water sources across Sweden posing challenges to drinking water supply. Lake Ekoln is located south of Uppsala and is the basin of Lake Mälaren; Lake Mälaren is the third largest lake in Sweden and is the drinking water source for more than two million people. The aim of this study was to simulate the fate and transport of PFAS in Lake Ekoln during the period 2017 - 2020 using three-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling.

Suppressing Effect of Flavonoid Compounds on Lipids Photooxidation of Sheep Red Blood Cells and Oleic Acid Photooxidation.

Photosensitizers and pigments in raw meat such as porphyrins, riboflavin, and myoglobin after incorporation with light beam prompt the generation of singlet oxygen (O) from triplet oxygen (O) and cause oxidative rancidity of meat products. In this study, the results of photooxidation reactions of sheep erythrocyte (red blood cell) model as a model rich in hemoglobin and phospholipids bilayer, and oleic acid model were obtained by H NMR spectroscopy, TBARS assay, and iodometric titration. In both models, the rate of lipid photooxidation in the presence of hydroalcoholic extracts of Turmeric ( L.

Propagation of Orientation Across Lengthscales in Sheared Self-Assembling Hierarchical Suspensions via Rheo-PLI-SAXS.

Simultaneous rheological, polarized light imaging, and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments (Rheo-PLI-SAXS) are developed, thereby providing unprecedented level of insight into the multiscale orientation of hierarchical systems in simple shear. Notably, it is observed that mesoscale alignment in the flow direction does not develop simultaneously across nano-micro lengthscales in sheared suspensions of rod-like chiral-nematic (meso) phase forming cellulose nanocrystals. Rather, with increasing shear rate, orientation is observed first at mesoscale and then extends to the nanoscale, with influencing factors being the aggregation state of the hierarchy and concentration.

Halbach Array Induced Magnetic Field Alignment in Boron Nitride Nanocomposites.

Thermal conductivity enhancement in polymers is vital for advanced applications. This study introduces a novel method to align hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheets within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrices using a Halbach array to create a highly uniform magnetic field. This technique achieves significant improvements in thermal conductivity by effectively aligning hBN nanosheets.

Design of Extruded Nanostructured Composites via Decoupling of the Cellulose Nanofibril/Poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate) Interface.

The full exploitation of the outstanding mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as potential reinforcements in nanocomposite materials is limited by the poor interactions at the CNF-polymer matrix interface. Within this work, tailor-made copolymers were designed to mediate the interface between CNFs and biodegradable poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate) (PBAT), and their effect on extruded nanocomposite performance was tested. For this purpose, two well-defined amphiphilic anchor-tail diblock copolymer structures were compared, with a fixed anchor block length and a large difference in the hydrophobic tail block length.

Sequence-Specific Minor Groove Binders in Labeling and Single-Molecule Analysis of DNA.

The ability to address specific sequences within DNA is of tremendous interest in biotechnology and biomedicine. Various technologies have been established over the past few decades, such as nicking enzymes and methyltransferase-directed sequence-specific labeling, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR-Cas9 system, and polyamides of heterocycles as sequence-specific DNA minor groove binders. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides have been reported to recognize predetermined DNA sequences, and some successful attempts have demonstrated their potential in regulating gene expression.

Sustainable Hull maintenance strategies in Baltic Sea region through case studies of RoPax vessels.

Determining optimal maintenance strategies in unique maritime environments like the Baltic Sea is challenging, as it should consider various aspects, including ship characteristics and environmental conditions. This study employs the decision support tool HullMASTER (Hull MAintenance STrategies for Emission Reduction) to assess the life cycle costs of different hull maintenance scenarios for RoPax vessels in the Baltic Sea. Findings indicate that optimal hull management can save operators up to €9.

A position and wave spectra dataset of Marginal Ice Zone dynamics collected around Svalbard in 2022 and 2023.

Sea ice is a key element of the global Earth system, with a major impact on global climate and regional weather. Unfortunately, accurate sea ice modeling is challenging due to the diversity and complexity of underlying physics happening there, and a relative lack of ground truth observations. This is especially true for the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), which is the area where sea ice is affected by incoming ocean waves.

Applying quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to extend the mixture toxicity prediction of scrubber water.

Marine organisms are constantly exposed to complex chemical mixtures from natural and anthropogenic sources. One source that has raised concerns is the discharge water from ships equipped with exhaust gas cleaning systems, commonly known as scrubbers. During operation, ships with scrubbers discharge large volumes of scrubber water, known to adversely affect marine organisms, into the environment.

Exploring urban scenarios of individual residential waste sorting using a spatially explicit agent-based model.

Managing the diverse waste fractions generated by households presents a significant environmental and logistical challenge. One widely adopted solution is waste sorting at the source, where residents are required to separate their waste into designated containers. The success of this strategy depends on the extent of adoption and the behaviour of residents.

Usnic acid brief exposure suppresses cariogenic properties and complexity of biofilms.

Bacterial biofilms are highly structured surface associated architecture of micro-colonies, which are strongly bonded with the exopolymeric matrix of their own synthesis. These exopolymeric substances, mainly exopolysaccharides (EPS) initially assist the bacterial adhesion and finally form a bridge over the microcolonies to protect them from environmental assaults and antimicrobial exposure. Bacterial cells in dental biofilm metabolize dietary carbohydrates and produce organic acids.

Layer-number-dependent photoswitchability in 2D MoS-diarylethene hybrids.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) is a notable two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) with properties ideal for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications. With growing interest in the material, it is critical to understand its layer-number-dependent properties and develop strategies for controlling them. Here, we demonstrate a photo-modulation of MoS flakes and elucidate layer-number-dependent charge transfer behaviors.

The type of environment has a greater impact on the larval microbiota of Anopheles arabiensis than on the microbiota of their breeding water.

Mosquito larvae of the genus Anopheles develop entirely in water, frequently visiting the surface for air. The aquatic environment plays a key role in shaping their microbiota, but the connection between environmental characteristics of breeding sites and larval microbiota remains underexplored. This study focuses on Anopheles arabiensis, which inhabits the surface microlayer (SML) of breeding sites, a zone with high particle density.

Site Selective Boron Directed Benzylation of -Aryl Amides: Access to Structurally Diversified Dibenzoazepines.

We present a highly selective protocol for the benzylation of -aryl amides. This method offers mild conditions, excellent site specificity, and scalability, enabling the synthesis of diarylmethane amides and dibenzoazepines. The protocol allows for one-pot diagonal dibenzylation of dianilides, creating valuable precursors for pharmaceutically active compounds and addressing limitations in current direct C-H activation methodologies.

Study of glucose homeostasis in burnout cases using an oral glucose tolerance test.

Burnout is caused by long term psychosocial stress and has, besides the fatigue and mental health burden, been associated with increased risk of adverse physical health, such as for example type 2 diabetes. This study aims to investigate the glucose and insulin levels in individuals with stress related burnout, by assessing these metabolic markers in response to a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). 38 cases with burnout (13 men and 25 women) and 35 healthy controls (13 men and 22 women) in the age 24-55 were included in the study.

An activity-based synthetic population of Gothenburg, Sweden: Dataset of residents in neighbourhoods.

A synthetic population is a distribution of synthetic agents that replicates the demographic distribution of a real-world population based on census records. This paper presents an end-to-end model to generate a synthetic population of residents in Gothenburg, Sweden, along with activity schedules and mobility patterns for present and past populations. Using a stochastic modelling approach, we describe the model and present its corresponding dataset.

Three-Dimensional Non-Homogeneous Microstructure Representation Using 2D Electron Backscatter Diffraction Data for Additive-Manufactured Hastelloy X.

Additive manufacturing (AM) methods like powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) enable complex geometry production. However, understanding and predicting the microstructural properties of AM parts remain challenging due to the inherent non-homogeneity introduced during the manufacturing process. This study demonstrates a novel approach for 3D microstructure representation and virtual testing of non-homogeneous AM materials using 2d electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data.

Influence of Hydrogen and Ethanol Addition in Methanogen-Free Mixed Culture Syngas Fermentations in Trickle Bed Reactors.

The use of mixed cultures in gas fermentations could reduce operating costs in the production of liquid chemicals such as alcohols or carboxylic acids. However, directing reducing equivalents towards the desired products presents the challenge of co-existing competing pathways. In this study, two trickle bed reactors were operated at acetogenic and chain elongating conditions to explore the fate of electron equivalents (ethanol, H, and CO) and test pH oscillations as a strategy to target chain-elongated products.

Global guidance for local generalization in model checking.

SMT-based model checkers, especially IC3-style ones, are currently the most effective techniques for verification of infinite state systems. They infer inductive invariants via reasoning about a single step of the transition relation of a system, while employing SMT-based procedures, such as interpolation, to mitigate the limitations of local reasoning and allow for better generalization. Unfortunately, these mitigations intertwine model checking with heuristics of the underlying SMT-solver, negatively affecting stability of model checking.

Projected changes of the emission and transport of organic pollutants and metals from shipping in European seas 2018-2050.

The ChemicalDrift model is applied to predict concentrations of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from shipping in European seas in 2050, compared to 2018. Sources include antifouling paints (AFPs), discharge water from scrubbers and atmospheric deposition. The fate of pollutants in the marine environment is presented, highlighting the effect of degradation and volatilization, with seasonal and regional differences.