Anxiolytic and Antianhedonic-like Effects of Leaf in Alcohol-Withdrawn Mice.

Objectives: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome manifests through a range of symptoms, including anxiety and anhedonia, significantly affecting the quality of life of those affected. This study investigates the potential therapeutic effects of the methanolic extract of leaves (MPG) on anxiety and anhedonia in Swiss albino female mice undergoing alcohol withdrawal.

Methods: Four groups of mice underwent alcohol withdrawal, with one group undergoing saline withdrawal as a control.

An Updated Review on Diabetic Nephropathy: Potential Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets and Interventional Therapies.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the primary risk factor for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) that requires dialysis or renal transplantation, affects up to 50% of individuals with diabetes.

Objective: In this article, potential mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible therapeutic targets will be discussed, as well as their interventional therapies.

Methods: A literature review was done from databases like Google Scholar, PUBMEDMEDLINE, and Scopus using standard keywords "Diabetic Nephropathy," "Biomarkers," "Pathophysiology," "Cellular Mechanism," "Cell Therapy," "Treatment Therapies" from 2010- 2023.

Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones.

Repurposing Molnupiravir as a new opportunity to treat COVID-19.

With the emergence of new and re-emerging viral diseases, scientists have been working to produce new medications with novel targets and pathways. The discovery of safe and efficacious antiviral medicines is critical due to the constant introduction of new virus types and short lifetime of protection. Since the outbreak, there have been significant efforts to repurpose existing and licensed medications for rapid human testing and possible emergency use authorizations.

Morinda citrifolia Linn. fruit extract mitigates heroin seeking behavior in mice.

Methanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia unripe fruit (MMC) was tested against heroin addiction using a mouse modified runway model of drug‑seeking. Habituation sessions were carried out for 10 min/d for 3 days. On day 0, the total run time of each mouse was noted (the start box to goal box) during the preconditioning test.

Rodent models for nicotine withdrawal.

Background: Animal models are critical to improve our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine dependence in rodents can be established by repeated nicotine injections, chronic nicotine infusion via osmotic minipumps, oral nicotine intake, tobacco smoke exposure, nicotine vapor exposure, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure. The time course of nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with these methods has not been reviewed in the literature.

Protective effect of mangiferin on memory impairment: A systematic review.

Memory impairment (MI) is one of the predominant criteria generally used to identify schizophrenia, dementia and amnesia that are associated with neurodegenerative disorders by evaluating patient's cognitive symptoms. To date, there is no available treatment that can completely mitigate MI. Currently, there is a trend in recent investigations towards symptomatic therapy approaches using a variety of natural compounds.

Methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaf inhibits ethanol seeking behaviour in mice: involvement of antidopaminergic mechanism.

In the current study, the effect of methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa leaf (MMS) against the rewarding and reinforcing properties of ethanol using a mouse model of conditioned place preference (CPP) and runway model of drug self-administration was studied. Subsequently, the effect of MMS on dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the mouse brain was further investigated. From the data obtained, MMS (50 and 75 mg/kg, p.

Chronic restraint stress impairs sociability but not social recognition and spatial memoryin C57BL/6J mice.

Chronic stress has been associated with impairment of memory, learning, and social cognition. In animal studies, chronic stress has been shown to impair rodent sociability behaviour which mimics social withdrawal as observed in depression patients. The effect of chronic stress on social recognition, however, is uncertain.

Methanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia Linn. unripe fruit attenuates methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preferences in mice.

The first objective of the present study was to determine the appropriate dose of methamphetamine (Meth) to induce a successful conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. The next objective was to examine the effect of a methanolic extract of M. citrifolia unripe fruit (MMC) against Meth-induced CPP in mice.

What Has Come out from Phytomedicines and Herbal Edibles for the Treatment of Cancer?

Several modern treatment strategies have been adopted to combat cancer with the aim of minimizing toxicity. Medicinal plant-based compounds with the potential to treat cancer have been widely studied in preclinical research and have elicited many innovations in cutting-edge clinical research. In parallel, researchers have eagerly tried to decrease the toxicity of current chemotherapeutic agents either by combining them with herbals or in using herbals alone.

UPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis and structural fragmentation study of five Parmotrema lichens from the Eastern Ghats.

Comparative phytochemical analysis of five lichen species [Parmotrema tinctorum (Delise ex Nyl.) Hale, P. andinum (Mull.

Rapid identification of limonoids from Cipadessa baccifera and Xylocarpus granatum using ESI-Q-ToF-MS/MS and their structure-fragmentation study.

Limonoids found to be chemotaxonomic markers from the plants of the Meliaceae and Rutaceae families. In the present study, rapid identification of limonoids from Cipadessa baccifera and Xylocarpus granatum were achieved using fast and simple electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-ToF-MS/MS) in positive-ion mode. Although the structures of these compounds were found to be similar, Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) mass spectrometric analysis of these protonated/sodiated molecules indicated different fragmentation patterns by which the structures were confirmed.

PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROFILES OF TRAGIA SPECIES (FAMILY: EUPHORBIACEAE).

Background: Tragia belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which contains about 152 species. Interestingly, most of the earlier investigations have been done using only five Tragia species, namely, , , , , and . The objective of the present review is to compile the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological studies of the selected five Tragia species reported in the literature.

Cerebroprotective activity of on global cerebral ischemia in rats.

Objectives: The study was performed to evaluate the cerebroprotective activity of methanolic extract (ME) of - a folk medicine used as anti-inflammatory and in central nervous system ailments. It has high phenolic and flavonoid contents including rutin.

Materials And Methods: Global cerebral ischemia was induced in male albino Wistar rats by temporary bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) for 30 min, followed by 4 h reperfusion.

Accumulation of Polyphenols in Tea Callus Derived from Anther.

Background: Tea is an economic important crop with high medicinal value due to rich polyphenols content. In the present research we studied the accumulation of polyphenols of regenerated callus from anthers.

Objective: Callus induction of tea anthers and accumulation of phenolic compounds from the anther-derived callus.

Inhibitory potential of important phytochemicals from (Forsk.) chiov., on snake venom ().

(Forsk.) chiov., is a milk weed of Asclepiadaceae family.

Clinical pharmacists: The major support to Indian healthcare system in near future.

Pharmacy practice is still in the initial stages of development in India, but launching of Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) study program has brought serious discussions about clinical pharmacy in the country. As the profession is in budding stage in the country, the patients, physicians, nurses, other healthcare providers, recruiters in pharmaceutical industries, prospective students, and their parents have numerous questions about this profession and study course. The objective of this article is to create awareness about clinical pharmacy services (CPS) and to introduce the role of clinical pharmacists (CPs).

Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antistress, and nootropic activities of aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of ladies finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in mice.

Abelmoschus esculentus L. (ladies finger, okra) is a well-known tropical vegetable, widely planted from Africa to Asia and from South Europe to America. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant capacity and in vivo protective effect of the aqueous and methanolic seed extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment using passive avoidance task and acute restraining stress-induced behavioural and biochemical changes using elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST) in mice.

Quantification of sibutramine and its two metabolites in human plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS and its application in a bioequivalence study.

Obesity can be considered as a chronic illness of epidemic proportion and its incidents have increased exponentially in recent years. The use of anti-obesity drugs such as sibutramine is somewhat helpful. There is a need to quantify such drugs in biological samples, which is generally quite difficult.

Quantification of desloratadine in human plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study.

A simple, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of desloratadine (DL) in human plasma using desloratadine-d5 (DLD5) as an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed using an Xbridge C18 column (50 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with an isocratic mobile phase composed of 10 mM ammonium formate: methanol (20:80, v/v), at a flow rate of 0.

Quantitative analysis of eletriptan in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study.

Authors developed a simple, sensitive, selective, rapid, rugged, and reproducible liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of eletriptan (EP) in human plasma using naratriptan (NP) as an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed on Ascentis Express C18, 50 × 4.6 mm, 2.

In vitro Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Nauclea orientalis Leaves.

Antianthelmintic activity of successive extracts (chloroform, acetone, ethanol and aqueous) of Nauclea orientalis leaves were evaluated separately on adult Indian earthworm (Pheretima posthuma) and compared with that of albendazole. It was found that the extracts exhibited, respectively dose-dependent action and inhibition of spontaneous motility (paralysis) and death of earthworms. The results indicated that the chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were more potent.