Identification of steroidal cardenolides from Calotropis procera as novel HIV-1 PR inhibitors: A molecular docking & molecular dynamics simulation study.

Background & objectives Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy, drug-resistant strains of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) remain a global health concern. Natural compounds from medicinal plants offer a promising avenue for developing new HIV-1 PR (protease) inhibitors. This study aimed to explore the potential of compounds derived from Calotropis procera, a medicinal plant, as inhibitors of HIV-1 PR.

An enhanced Garter Snake Optimization-assisted deep learning model for lung cancer segmentation and classification using CT images.

An early detection of lung tumors is critical for better treatment results, and CT scans can reveal lumps in the lungs which are too small to be picked up by conventional X-rays. CT imaging has advantages, but it also exposes a person to radiation from ions, which raises the possibility of malignancy, particularly when the imaging procedure is done. Access to expensive-quality CT scans and the related sophisticated analytic tools might be restricted in environments with fewer resources due to their high cost and limited availability.

Organo NHC catalyzed aqueous synthesis of 4β-isoxazole-podophyllotoxins: anticancer, caspase activation, tubulin polymerization inhibition and molecular docking studies.

We present, for the first time, the organo--heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 4β--propargyl podophyllotoxin (1) with aromatic nitrile oxides to afford regioselective 4β-isoxazolepodophyllotoxin hybrids (6a-n) in benign aqueous-organic media. Preliminary anticancer activity results showed that compound 6e displayed superior activity against MCF-7, HeLa and MIA PaCa2 human cell lines compared with podophyllotoxin. Compounds 6j and 6n showed greater activity against the MCF-7 cell line than the positive control.

Flavonoid-Rich Trianthema decandra Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in the Hyperglycemic Rats.

The present study was aimed at the evaluation of neuroprotective ability of methanolic extract of Trianthema decandra (METD) against hyperglycemia-related cognitive impairment in rats. The extract of T. decandra was standardized by TLC and HPTLC methods.

Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-piperazin-benzo[][1,4]thiazine 1,1-dioxides: antibacterial, hemolytic and TLR4 protein inhibitory activities.

In this study, we designed and synthesized a number of novel 1,2,3-triazole-piperazin-benzo[][1,4]thiazine 1,1-dioxide derivatives and investigated their antibacterial and hemolytic activity. When compared to the lead chemical, dicloxacillin, the majority of the compounds demonstrated acceptable activity. Among them, the most promising compounds 6e, 6g, 6i, 8d, and 8e exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against the methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) with MIC values of 1.

Design, synthesis, in silico molecular docking, and ADMET studies of quinoxaline-isoxazole-piperazine conjugates as EGFR-targeting agents.

In this paper, we report the synthesis of quinoxaline-isoxazole-piperazine conjugates. The anticancer activity was evaluated against three human cancer cell lines, including MCF-7 (breast), HepG-2 (liver), and HCT-116 (colorectal). The outcomes of the tested compounds 5d, 5e, and 5f have shown more potent activity when compared to the standard drug erlotinib.

Acne vulgaris: A review of the pathophysiology, treatment, and recent nanotechnology based advances.

Background: Globally, Acne Vulgaris is a widespread, chronic inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous follicles. Acne is not fatal, but depending on its severity, it can leave the sufferer with scars, irritation, and significant psychological effects (including depression). In the current review, we have included various factors for acne and their treatment explained.

Bioactive molecules from terrestrial and seafood resources in hypertension treatment: focus on molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies.

Hypertension (HTN), a complex cardiovascular disease (CVD), significantly impacts global health, prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants, herbs, and seafood. Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies.

Involving stemness factors to improve CAR T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy.

Treatment with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells indicated remarkable clinical responses with liquid cancers such as hematological malignancies; however, their therapeutic efficacy faced with many challenges in solid tumors due to severe toxicities, antigen evasion, restricted and limited tumor tissue trafficking and infiltration, and, more importantly, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) factors that impair the CAR T-cell function adds support survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for tumor recurrence and resistance to current cancer therapies. Therefore, in-depth identification of TME and development of more potent CAR platform targeting CSCs may overcome the raised challenges, as presented in this review. We also discuss recent stemness-based innovations in CAR T-cell production and engineering to improve their efficacy in vivo, and finally, we propose solutions and strategies such as oncolytic virus-based therapy and combination therapy to revive the function of CAR T-cell therapy, especially in TME of solid tumors in future.

Natural polymers as potential P-glycoprotein inhibitors: Pre-ADMET profile and computational analysis as a proof of concept to fight multidrug resistance in cancer.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known as the "" because it contributes to tumor resistance to several different classes of anticancer drugs. The effectiveness of such polymers in treating cancer and delivering drugs has been shown in a wide range of and experiments. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of several naturally occurring polymers on P-gp efflux, as it is known that P-gp inhibition can impede the elimination of medications.

Fluorescent-Nanoparticle-Impregnated Nanocomposite Polymeric Gels for Biosensing and Drug Delivery Applications.

Nanocomposite polymeric gels infused with fluorescent nanoparticles have surfaced as a propitious category of substances for biomedical purposes owing to their exceptional characteristics. The aforementioned materials possess a blend of desirable characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug encapsulation, controlled release capabilities, and optical properties that are conducive to imaging and tracking. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and characterization of fluorescent-nanoparticle-impregnated nanocomposite polymeric gels, as well as their biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, imaging, and tissue engineering.

QbD driven targeted pulmonary delivery of dexamethasone-loaded chitosan microspheres: Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic study.

Inhaling drugs, on the other hand, is limited mainly by the natural mechanisms of the respiratory system, which push drug particles out of the lungs or make them inefficient once they are there. Because of this, many ways have been found to work around the problems with drug transport through the lungs. Researchers have made polymeric microparticles (MP) and nanoparticles as a possible way to get drugs into the lungs.

LncRNA PVT1: as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.

A significant number of women are identified with breast cancer (BC) every year, making it among the most prevalent malignancies and one of the leading causes of mortality globally. Despite significant progress in understanding BC pathogenesis and treatment options, there is still a need to identify new therapeutic targets and develop more effective treatments. LncRNAs have been discovered as biomarkers and a promising target for various cancers, including BC.

A HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of Nadolol in rat plasma: Development, validation, and application to pharmacokinetic study.

A sensitive validated method has been developed for the quantification of Nadolol in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using deuterated Nadolol (Nadolol D9) as internal standard (IS). The liquid-liquid extraction method using ethyl acetate was employed for the sample pretreatment. The separation was achieved on the Agilent Zorbax XDB C18 column (150  mm  ×  4.

Antiproliferative, molecular docking, and bioavailability studies of diarylheptanoids isolated from stem bark of Rox B.

Diarylheptanoids are a major class of plant secondary metabolites characterized by 1, 7-diphenyl heptanes in a seven-member carbon frame. In the present study, diarylheptanoids (garuganins 1, 3, 4 and 5) isolated from stem bark were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HCT15 cancer cell lines. Among the tested compounds, garuganin and exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against HCT15 and MCF-7 with IC 2.

Carotenoids: Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases Remediation.

Numerous factors can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Oxidative stress (OS), a fairly common ND symptom, can be caused by more reactive oxygen species being made. In addition, the pathological state of NDs, which includes a high number of protein aggregates, could make chronic inflammation worse by activating microglia.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Penicillium rubens and catalytic detoxification of ochratoxin A and organic dye pollutants.

The environmental pollution caused by chemical dyes is a growing concern nowadays. Limitations of traditional methods opened the route for nanotechnology; owing to the versatile properties of nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) became a potential strategy for different applications. In the present study, biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (BioAuNPs) was carried out by reacting chloroauric acid (HAuCl) with cell-free filtrate of Penicillium rubens sp.

Approaches for designing and delivering solid lipid nanoparticles of distinct antitubercular drugs.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still the biggest infectious disease among adults globally, which effects the social and biological lives of patients as well as the economic liability of healthcare systems. Current treatment regime has challenges with drug resistant (MDR/XDR) strains and the failure of standard therapeutic interventions against these TB strains. In the recent years, several nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems developed (including lipid-based) with anti-tuberculosis drugs targeted delivery to improve the therapeutic outcomes.

Study of the β-oxygen effect in the Barton-McCombie reaction for the total synthesis of (4,5)-4-hydroxy-γ-decalactone (Japanese orange fly lactone): a carbohydrate based approach.

Efficient and facile synthesis of Japanese orange fly lactone (1) was achieved from a commercially available d-glucose by investigating the Barton-McCombie reaction with furanose anomeric isomers ( , ) with an overall yield of 12.6%. During the course of this synthesis, the β-oxygen effect was discovered in the deoxygenation step at the C-3 position using the Barton-McCombie reaction, where the substrate allows the effect to operate in one of the isomers but not in the other.

Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Studies of Some New Quinoxaline Derivatives as EGFR Targeting Agents.

Unlabelled: The synthesis of some new quinoxaline derivatives (-) and their structure determination using H NMR, C NMR and mass spectral analysis was described herein. The in vitro anti-cancer activity of the these compounds () revealed that the compound1-((1-(4-bromophenyl)-1-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-(tetrazolo[1,5-]quinoxalin-4-yl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione () has shown promising activity, whereas, compounds 1-((1-phenyl-1-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-(tetrazolo[1,5-]quinoxalin-4-yl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione (), 1-(tetrazolo[1,5-]quinoxalin-4-yl)-2-((1-(-tolyl)-1-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione (), 1-((1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-(tetrazolo[1,5-]quinoxalin-4-yl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione () and 1-((1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-(tetrazolo[1,5-]quinoxalin-4-yl)pyrazolidine-3,5-dione () exhibited good to moderate activity against four human cancer cell lines such as HeLa, MCF-7, HEK 293T, and A549 as compared to the doxorubicin. Predominantly, the compound displayed excellent activity over HeLa, MCF-7, HEK 293T, and A549 with IC values of 3.

Antimicrobial Activities of Salacia oblonga Wall Leaf and Root Extracts Against Different Bacterial Strains and Fungal Isolates.

Antibiotic resistance and the hazardous nature of synthetic drugs is threatening issue in the health sector. The alternative for this problem is to focus on plants that attribute to various compounds that exhibit therapeutic properties. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Salacia oblonga leaf and root extracts against tested human pathogens.

An insight of nanogels as novel drug delivery system with potential hybrid nanogel applications.

Nanogels are cross-linked, nano-sized hydrogels with dimensions ranging from 20 to 200 nm. Nanogel-based nanoplatforms have proven to be an excellent choice for pharmaceutical formulations. Nanosystems have properties that are very useful in polymeric drug delivery applications, and their particular strength is that they have these nanosystemic properties and can thus merge with polymeric materials.

Fused benzo[1,3]thiazine-1,2,3-triazole hybrids: Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis, in vitro antibacterial, antibiofilm, and in silico ADME studies.

In this paper, we report an efficient one-pot three-component reaction sequences comprising Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) followed by Cu-catalyzed arylation of resulting 1,2,3-triazole in the presence of ionic liquid [Emim]BF under microwave conditions involving. The newly synthesized derivatives were screened for in vitro antibacterial inhibition potency against both gram +ve and gram -ve strains. Among the tested compounds, 4f exhibited significant inhibition activity with MIC value 3.