Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Arm Phase II Trial (KEYNOTE-629).

Purpose: Treatment options are limited for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC); mortality rates exceed 70% in patients with distant metastases. Here, we present the first interim analysis of the R/M cSCC cohort from the 2-cohort-locally advanced and R/M-phase II KEYNOTE-629 study.

Patients And Methods: Patients with R/M cSCC not amenable to surgery or radiation received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks.

Association of BRAF V600E/K Mutation Status and Prior BRAF/MEK Inhibition With Pembrolizumab Outcomes in Advanced Melanoma: Pooled Analysis of 3 Clinical Trials.

Importance: The optimal sequencing of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy for BRAF V600E/K-mutant melanoma is not well established.

Objective: To assess the association of BRAF wild-type (WT) or BRAF V600E/K-mutant status and BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) with or without MEK inhibitor (MEKi) therapy with response to pembrolizumab.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study is a post hoc subgroup analysis of pooled data from 3 multinational, multisite studies: KEYNOTE-001 (data cutoff September 1, 2017), KEYNOTE-002 (data cutoff May 30, 2018), and KEYNOTE-006 (data cutoff December 4, 2017).

Magnesium levels in relation to rates of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ecological, observational, and interventional studies.

Context: Experimental studies suggest that magnesium levels in pregnant women may affect the length of gestation, as magnesium affects the activity of smooth muscle in the uterus. Little is known about the association between magnesium levels or supplementation and the rate of preterm birth.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the data on magnesium soil levels and preterm birth rates from ecological, observational, and interventional studies.

Outcome Measure Utilization Demonstrates No Relation to Journal Rank or Level of Evidence for Superior Labral Tears of the Shoulder.

Introduction Superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears are injuries of the shoulder's glenoid labrum involving biceps tendon insertion. We describe the scope of outcome measures used in the SLAP tear literature over the last decade and evaluate whether objective study metrics relate to level of evidence (LOE) and journal rank. Methods A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify all articles on the outcomes of the treatment of patients with SLAP tears published over the period of a decade (2007-2016).

Expert Consensus for a Principle-based Classification for Treatment of Diaphyseal Pediatric Femur Fractures.

Introduction: Recent studies demonstrate considerable deviation from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures (PDFFs). This study aimed to determine if expert-consensus can be reached on a principle-based classification to be applied broadly to a wide variety of PDFF scenarios and if outcomes correspond to adherence to the classification.

Methods: A 2-stage study was performed.

MEWS++: Enhancing the Prediction of Clinical Deterioration in Admitted Patients through a Machine Learning Model.

Early detection of patients at risk for clinical deterioration is crucial for timely intervention. Traditional detection systems rely on a limited set of variables and are unable to predict the time of decline. We describe a machine learning model called MEWS++ that enables the identification of patients at risk of escalation of care or death six hours prior to the event.

Randomized, Multicenter, Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin With or Without Veliparib in Patients With Pancreas Adenocarcinoma and a Germline Mutation.

Purpose: Five percent to 9% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) develop in patients with a germline or (g+) mutation. Phase IB data from a trial that used cisplatin, gemcitabine, and veliparib treatment demonstrated a high response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), and overall survival (OS) in this population. We designed an open-label, randomized, multicenter, two-arm phase II trial to investigate cisplatin and gemcitabine with or without veliparib in g+ PDAC.

Childhood Pancreatitis and Risk for Incident Diabetes in Adulthood.

Objective: The relationship between acute pancreatitis and incident diabetes is unclear. We assessed whether a resolved single event of acute pancreatitis in childhood was associated with incident diabetes in adulthood.

Research Design And Methods: A nationwide, population-based study of 1,802,110 Israeli adolescents (mean age 17.

Deficits in Explicit Language Problem Solving Rather Than in Implicit Learning in Specific Language Impairment: Evidence From Learning an Artificial Morphological Rule.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to delineate differences between children with specific language impairment (SLI), typical age-matched (TAM) children, and typical younger (TY) children in learning and mastering an undisclosed artificial morphological rule (AMR) through exposure and usage. Method Twenty-six participants (eight 10-year-old children with SLI, 8 TAM children, and ten 8-year-old TY children) were trained to master an AMR across multiple training sessions. The AMR required a phonological transformation of verbs depending on a semantic distinction: whether the preceding noun was animate or inanimate.

Individualized prediction of leukemia-free survival after autologous stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a potential consolidation therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study was designed to develop a prediction model for leukemia-free survival (LFS) in a cohort of patients with de novo AML treated with ASCT during their first complete remission.

Methods: This was a registry study of 956 patients reported to the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Cannabinoids, hippocampal excitability and efficacy for the treatment of epilepsy.

Interest in cannabis and its related cannabinoids THC and CBD for use as anti-convulsant therapy has been progressively increasing. While the destigmatization of cannabis and cannabis related research have progressed in the last few decades, there are still many questions that remain unanswered. This review seeks to summarize the progress made in cannabis research in the past four decades and to identify possible directions for future research that are critical for the development of cannabinoid-based therapy in epilepsy.

PET-CT imaging features that differentiate between positive and negative EWSR1 translocation in Ewing sarcoma.

Objectives: Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) translocation-negative tumors represent a minor portion of small round cell tumors consistent with Ewing sarcoma morphology. The purpose of this study was to differentiate EWSR1 translocation-positive tumors from EWSR1 translocation-negative tumors using PET-computed tomography features.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study 27, Ewing sarcoma patients (December 2011 to November 2016) were divided into two groups, EWSR1 translocation-positive and EWSR1 translocation-negative based on cytogenetic analysis.

Kickball and Its Underappreciated Pediatric Injury Burden: An 18-Year Retrospective Epidemiological Study.

Background: Kickball is a popular childhood game most frequently played during gym class or recess at schools throughout the United States (US). Despite this, the national health burden of injuries associated with kickball has never been explored in the US pediatric population.

Purpose: To report national estimates and demographic characteristics of pediatric patients presenting to US emergency departments between 2000 and 2017 with kickball-associated injuries.

Midterm Outcomes of Iliopsoas Fractional Lengthening for Internal Snapping as a Part of Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement and Labral Tear: A Matched Control Study.

Purpose: To report minimum 5-year outcomes and rate of painful snapping resolution for patients who underwent iliopsoas fractional lengthening (IFL) as a part of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and labral tear. In addition, to match this group to a group of patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAI and labral tear without internal snapping.

Methods: Patients were eligible for inclusion if they underwent hip arthroscopy for treatment of FAI and labral tear with concomitant IFL for painful snapping and had preoperative baseline scores for modified Harris Hip Score, Nonarthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score-Sports Subscale, and visual analog scale for pain.

Reconsidering the "Classic" Clinical History Associated with Subluxations of the Radial Head.

Introduction: The national burden of radial head subluxations in the United States (U.S.) population is poorly defined, and non-classical injury mechanisms have been increasingly reported in recent years.

Rhabdomyosarcoma disease spread evaluation on CT scans: Association with primary tumor size and Ki-67 proliferation marker.

Purpose: Ki-67 is a marker of cellular proliferation that is commonly used for the assessment of rhabdomyosarcoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between Ki-67 expression and primary tumor diameter with CT evidence of lymph node and solid organ metastatic spread in rhabdomyosarcoma.

Materials And Methods: An institutional review board approval was granted for this study.

Feasibility of, Adherence to, and Satisfaction With Video Game Versus Traditional Self-Training of the Upper Extremity in People With Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: We compared the feasibility of, adherence to, and satisfaction with a newly developed upper extremity (UE) self-training protocol using commercial video games with a traditional self-training program for people with chronic stroke.

Method: Twenty-four participants with mild to moderate UE weakness were randomized to a video game (n = 13) or traditional (n = 11) self-training program. Participants were requested to train 60 min/day, 6×/wk.

Knotless "Suture Staple" Technique for Endoscopic Partial Thickness Abductor Tendon Repair.

Transtendinous abductor tendon repair is a technique the authors described previously to diagnose and treat undersurface tears of the abductor tendons. In this surgical technique article, the authors describe a technique for knotless repair of undersurface tears of the abductor tendons that does not require a transtendinous split or suture passage through the abductor tendon. Because there is no suture passage through the abductor tendon or knot tying, the potential advantages include expeditious technique, compression of tendon against bony footprint, anatomic repair, and avoidance of knots facing the undersurface of the iliotibial band, which may lead to bursal irritation.

Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy with active workers' compensation claims do not demonstrate inferior outcomes at mid-term.

Introduction: Workers' compensation (WC) claims have been associated with poor short-term outcomes after hip arthroscopy. We aim to report mid-term outcomes and return to work (RTW) among patients with WC claims.

Methods: Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy between September 2008 and July 2011.

Thrombin Inhibition Reduces the Expression of Brain Inflammation Markers upon Systemic LPS Treatment.

Systemic inflammation and brain pathologies are known to be linked. In the periphery, the inflammation and coagulation systems are simultaneously activated upon diseases and infections. Whether this well-established interrelation also counts for neuroinflammation and coagulation factor expression in the brain is still an open question.

Foot Width Changes Following Hallux Valgus Surgery.

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) adversely affects quality of life. Patients frequently express concerns regarding postoperative foot appearance, foot width and footwear anticipations. However, only scarce data are available regarding postoperative foot width.

In Search of the Spherical Femoroplasty: Cam Overresection Leads to Inferior Functional Scores Before and After Revision Hip Arthroscopic Surgery.

Background: Femoroplasty performed for the treatment of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has become a common procedure. Underresection may result in residual FAI. Conversely, overresection may disrupt the labral seal, which is responsible for chondroprotective fluid dynamics of the hip.

Lower Extremity Fractures in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients Following Road Traffic Accidents.

Lower extremity fractures (LEFs) caused by road traffic accidents (RTAs) can result in significant morbidity and account for a substantial part of nonfatal injuries requiring hospitalization. This study investigated the epidemiology of RTA-associated LEFs in the pediatric population. Based on the National Trauma Registry, data of 28,924 RTA hospitalized pediatric patients were reviewed.