Effectiveness of Antiviral Treatment with Intravenous Peramivir and Oral Oseltamivir for Seasonal Influenza in Children.

Background/objectives: Influenza poses significant risks in children, causing complications like febrile seizures and hospitalizations. Antiviral treatments include oseltamivir and peramivir, both FDA-approved neuraminidase inhibitors. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of intravenous peramivir and oral oseltamivir in pediatric patients presenting to an emergency department, with a primary focus on the revisit rate within 72 h post-treatment.

Endoscopic Stenting of a Fully Covered Self-Expandable Metal Stent with a Hole in Each Cavity in Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction: A Preclinical Proof-of-Concept Study and Initial Human Experience.

Background And Aim: Stent placement for biliary drainage in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) has been a topic of long-standing debate, and the best approach remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and removability of multi-hole fully covered self-expandable metal stents (MH-FCSEMSs) in a preclinical experiment using swine hilar bile duct obstruction (HBDO) models and to assess the feasibility and safety of stent placement in patients with MHBO.

Methods: Three minipigs underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-guided endobiliary-radio frequency ablation (EB-RFA) to establish Bismuth type II hilar bile duct stenosis models.

The Role of the Parametric Thyroid Feedback Quantile Index in Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation Among Euthyroid Koreans.

Context: Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in metabolic regulation and maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. The Parametric Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (PTFQI) assesses central thyroid hormone sensitivity by standardizing the inverse relationship between free thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Objective: To investigate the relationship between PTFQI and cardiovascular risk in the euthyroid Korean population.

South Korean study to prevent cognitive impairment and protect brain health through multidomain interventions via face-to-face and video communication platforms in mild cognitive impairment (SUPERBRAIN-MEET): A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: We investigated the efficacy of a multidomain intervention (MI) via face-to-face and video communication platforms using a tablet personal computer application in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: Three hundred participants with MCI and ≥ 1 modifiable dementia risk factor, aged 60-85 years, were randomly assigned to either the MI group, who underwent a 24-week intervention, or the control group, who received usual care.

Results: The overall adherence rate to MI was 84.

Effect of nationwide postoperative rehabilitation at home program after lower extremity surgeries in older and younger people.

Background: A nationwide Rehabilitation at Home Care Pilot Program for patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgeries has been ongoing since 2020. The program was designed to improve clinical outcomes through early mobilization and rehabilitation after discharge. This study aimed to analyze the interim data to assess its effectiveness and suggest improvements, particularly for older patients who are more vulnerable compared to younger patients.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography training using a silicone simulator fabricated using a 3D printing technique (with videos).

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) training remains challenging. This study used 3D printing techniques to develop and optimize a portable ERCP training simulator and to implement basic and advanced practical techniques. Subsequently, we aimed to determine whether endoscopy trainees acquired proficiency in ERCP techniques and assess any improvements in their skill levels from using this model.

Performance and clinical implications of machine learning models for detecting cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a systematic review.

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a significant spinal condition that can lead to severe neurological deficits. Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have led to the development of promising tools for the early detection and diagnosis of OPLL. This systematic review evaluated the diagnostic performance of ML and DL models and clinical implications in OPLL detection.

Big Data Research for Diabetes-Related Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database.

The Korean National Health Information Database (NHID), which contains nationwide real-world claims data including sociodemographic data, health care utilization data, health screening data, and healthcare provider information, is a powerful resource to test various hypotheses. It is also longitudinal in nature due to the recommended health checkup every 2 years and is appropriate for long-term follow-up study as well as evaluating the relationships between health outcomes and changes in parameters such as lifestyle factors, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory results. However, because these data are not collected for research purposes, precise operational definitions of diseases are required to facilitate big data analysis using the Korean NHID.

Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey on Surgically Treated Gastric Cancers in 2023.

Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023.

Materials And Methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form.

Korean Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer 2024: An Evidence-based, Multidisciplinary Approach (Update of 2022 Guideline).

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in both Korea and worldwide. Since 2004, the Korean Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer have been regularly updated, with the 4th edition published in 2022. The 4th edition was the result of a collaborative work by an interdisciplinary team, including experts in gastric surgery, gastroenterology, endoscopy, medical oncology, abdominal radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology, and guideline development methodology.

Underuse of Rapid Sequence Intubation Outside the Emergency Department: Insights from Emergency Physicians‒a Preliminary, Retrospective Observational Study.

Objective: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) involves the administration of induction agents and neuromuscular blockers before endotracheal intubation (ETI). However, RSI seems to be underutilized outside emergency departments (ED). We compared RSI adoption rates and ETI outcomes outside and within EDs and investigated whether RSI adoption affected ETI outcomes outside EDs.

Associations of Accelerometer-Derived Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Atrioventricular Block in a Healthy Elderly Population.

Background: There is limited information on protective factors related to atrioventricular (AV) block.

Objective: This study examines the association between accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and AV block in healthy elderly individuals.

Methods: A total of 23,590 UK Biobank participants ≥60 years involved in a wrist-worn accelerometer study with no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease were analyzed.

Network Analysis of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease and Its Comorbidities.

: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is characterized by idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children. There are several hypotheses regarding the cause of LCPD; however, the exact cause remains unclear. Studies on comorbidities can provide better insight into the disease.

Examining the Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Rotator Cuff Tears: A Retrospective Comparative Study.

: With the rapid increase in the aging population, the number of patients complaining of shoulder pain is also increasing. Among shoulder ailments, rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are most frequently observed in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Sarcopenia refers to the decline in muscle mass (lean body mass) and the subsequent decrease in muscle function that is linked to the natural aging process.

Sarcopenia Index Is Correlated with Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the sarcopenia index (SI), which is derived from serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, and osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study initially included patients who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and serum creatinine and cystatin C testing between 2005 and 2022. Subsequently, patients diagnosed with CKD were selected for the final analysis, totaling 102 patients.

Prenatal Ultrasound Findings and Chromosomal Outcomes of Pregnancies with Mosaic Embryo Transfer.

Background: To investigate prenatal ultrasound findings and the chromosomal outcomes of mosaic embryo transfer.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on pregnant women who underwent mosaic embryo transfer following blastocyst-stage preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) at CHA Gangnam Medical Center from January 2021 to July 2024. Trophectoderm biopsy specimens were collected using standard protocols, and next-generation sequencing profiles were defined as mosaics when displaying copy number counts in the 20-80% range.

Synergistic enhancement of spinal fusion in preclinical models using low-dose rhBMP-2 and stromal vascular fraction in an injectable hydrogel composite.

Spinal fusion surgery remains a significant challenge due to limitations in current bone graft materials, particularly in terms of bioactivity, integration, and safety. This study presents an innovative approach using an injectable hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) hydrogel combined with stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and low-dose recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) to enhance osteodifferentiation and angiogenesis. Through a series of in vitro studies and preclinical models involving rats and minipigs, we demonstrated that the hydrogel system enables the sustained release of rhBMP-2, resulting in significantly improved bone density and integration, alongside reduced inflammatory responses.

A disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain (ADAM) 12, ADAM 17 mRNA and ADAM10 protein hold potential as biomarkers for detection of early gastric cancer.

No biomarker can effectively screen for early gastric cancer (EGC). Players in the A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor axis may have a role for that. As a proof-of-concept pilot study, the expression of ADAM8, ADAM9, ADAM10, ADAM12, ADAM17, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related sequence A (MICA), a ligand for NKG2D, in gastric cancer was investigated in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Measuring Medical Waste from Gastrointestinal Endoscopies in South Korea to Estimate Their Carbon Footprint.

Background/aims: Although gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) is a major contributor to the carbon footprint of national healthcare, the amount of medical waste generated by GIE procedures is not reported in South Korea. This study aimed to measure the amount of medical waste generated from GIE procedures in South Korea.

Methods: We conducted a 5-day audit of medical waste generated during GIEs at seven hospitals.

Lipid metabolism in ferroptosis: Unraveling key mechanisms and therapeutic potential in cancer.

Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a critical area of research for cancer therapy. This review delves into the intricate relationship between lipid metabolism and ferroptosis, emphasizing the impact of lipidome remodeling on cancer cell susceptibility. We explore key mechanisms, such as the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamines in ferroptosis induction, alongside the protective effects of monounsaturated fatty acids and their regulatory enzymes.

Postauricular Approach for Enucleation of Cervical Vagal Schwannomas.

Background: This study evaluates the outcomes of intracapsular enucleation using the retroauricular hairline incision (RAHI) approach for treating cervical vagal schwannomas.

Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on patients with cervical vagal schwannomas. Eleven patients who underwent RAHI-based enucleation were included.