Objective pulsatile tinnitus.

Tinnitus is the usually unwanted perception of sound, in most cases there is no genuine physical source of sound. Less than 10% of tinnitus patients suffer from pulsatile tinnitus. Objective Pulsatile tinnitus can also be the first indication of dural arteriovenous fistula, so examination for such vascular origin must be performed.

Association between worse metabolic control and increased thyroid volume and nodular disease in elderly adults with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Metabolic syndrome has been associated with nodular goiter. Our aim was to evaluate which metabolic parameters in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome are associated with thyroid enlargement or increased prevalence of thyroid nodules.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 77 patients >65 years of age with metabolic syndrome were included.

Differential profile of ultrasound findings associated with malignancy in mixed and solid thyroid nodules in an elderly female population.

Objective. Ultrasonographic characteristics are associated with thyroid malignancy. Our aim was to compare the diagnostic value of ultrasound features in the detection of thyroid malignancy in both solid and mixed nodules.

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypothyroidism.

Introduction: Hypothyroidism has long been known for its effects on different organ systems, leading to hypometabolism. However, subclinical hypothyroidism, its most prevalent form, has been recently related to cardiovascular risk and also to maternal-fetal complications in pregnant women.

Objectives: In these clinical practice guidelines, several aspects of this field have been discussed with the clear objectives of helping physicians treat patients with hypothyroidism, and of sharing some of our Latin American-based clinical experience.

Why can insulin resistance be a natural consequence of thyroid dysfunction?

Evidence for a relationship between T4 and T3 and glucose metabolism appeared over 100 years ago when the influence of thyroid hormone excess in the deterioration of glucose metabolism was first noticed. Since then, it has been known that hyperthyroidism is associated with insulin resistance. More recently, hypothyroidism has also been linked to decreased insulin sensitivity.

Low plasma triiodothyronine levels in heart failure are associated with a reduced anabolic state and membrane damage.

Background: Low plasma triiodothyronine (T(3)) levels are considered a prognostic predictor of death in heart failure (HF) patients.

Aim: To study an association between plasma T(3) levels and several cardiac, neurohormonal, and metabolic markers of HF.

Methods: A total of 133 ambulatory HF patients (114 males; mean age 63.