Giant pediatric cervicofacial lymphatic malformations.

Purpose: Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are benign lesions. Most of them are found in head and neck regions as asymptomatic mass, but giant lymphangiomas may affect breathing or swallowing and constitute a major therapeutic challenge.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of giant head and neck LMs with impairment of respiration or swallow for the past 11 years was performed in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and ENT of the Avicenne Medical University Center.

Treatment of lymphangioma of the face with intralesional bleomycin: case discussion and literature review.

Surgical treatment of lymphangioma of the face is a difficult task to achieve due to close vicinity of the lesion to the facial nerve and possibility of scar tissue formation. Inefficient surgical removals generally will give rise to high recurrence rates because of infiltrative and diffuse extension of the lesion. However, complete cure has been described by non-surgical methods.

Cervicofacial actinomycosis mimicking lymphangioma circumscriptum.

Primary cutaneous actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii occurs most commonly in the cervicofacial area. It commonly presents as "lumpy jaw" with draining sinuses which discharge the characteristic "sulfur granules". A low index of suspicion and a low sensitivity in culturing the organism, due to its fastidious nature often delays the diagnosis.

An unusual presentation of a mesenteric lymphangioma.

Lymphatic malformations are the second most common benign vascular tumour in children, after haemangioma. They may be localised or generalised and commonly occur in the cervicofacial region, axilla and thorax. They appear early in life with almost all cases evident by the age of 3 years.

Cystic hygroma of unusual sites: report of two cases.

Cystic hygroma is the cystic variety of lymphangiomas. Its common site is cervico-facial region, followed by axilla, superior mediastinum, mesentery and retroperitoneal region. Its occurrence in upper extremity is rarely reported, whereas its location at sternum has not been reported before.

Cystic hygroma: an overview.

Cystic hygromas are the cystic variety of lymphangioma, common locations being cervico-facial regions and axilla. Respiratory distress, recurrent infections or cosmetic reasons are the main indications of the treatment. The ideal treatment is complete surgical excision; however, there is a gradual conversion towards sclerosant therapy.

Surgical excision as primary treatment modality for extensive cervicofacial lymphatic malformations in children.

Objective: There has been much recent focus on sclerotherapy treatment of lymphatic malformations with OK432. Surgical treatment however can have a number of advantages, including complete curative excision. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical excision as the primary (first) treatment for this condition.

[Congenital cyst and fistula of the face and neck].

The authors propose an update on cervicofacial congenital cysts and fistulas' symptomatology. Embryological data, epidemiology and clinical manifestations are described. A reminder of the therapeutic principles is proposed as well as the evolution of these congenital pathologies, which may or may not involve the branchial system.

Sclerotherapy with bleomycin does not adversely affect facial nerve function in children with cervicofacial cystic lymphatic malformation.

Background And Purpose: Sclerotherapy with bleomycin sulfate (BS) is currently used in the management of cervicofacial cystic lymphatic malformations in children. Neurotoxic adverse effects of BS after intraventricular or intracavitary administration have been reported; however, the effects of intralesionally administered BS on the adjacent peripheral neural structures have not been previously investigated. The authors conducted a clinical experimental study to evaluate facial nerve function in children who have undergone BS sclerotherapy for cervicofacial cystic lymphatic malformation.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of cervical lymphangioma].

Objective: To discuss the methods of surgical treatment and their timing choices of cervical lymphangioma.

Methods: A retrospective review of 53 patients with cervicofacial lymphangioma were treated surgically from July 1990 to December 2008. The age at operation was from 6.

Lymphatic malformations: a proposed management algorithm.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a management algorithm for cervicofacial lymphatic malformations, based on the authors' experience in managing these lesions as well as current literature on the subject.

Study Design And Methods: A retrospective medical record review of all the patients treated for lymphatic malformations at our institution during a 10-year period (1998-2008) was performed.

Data Collected: age at diagnosis, location and type of lesion, radiologic investigation performed, presenting symptoms, treatment modality used, complications and results achieved.

Surgical excision of cervicofacial giant macrocystic lymphatic malformations in infants and children.

Objectives: Various modalities have been used to treat lymphatic malformations, such as steroids, the injection of sclerosing agents, aspiration, and surgery. Giant macrocystic lymphangiomas involving the cervicofacial region in infants and children constitute a major therapeutic challenge.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of 47 pediatric patients with giant macrocystic lymphatic malformations of the cervicofacial region that underwent surgical resections.

Massive lymphatic malformations of the head, neck, and chest.

Objective: To provide clinicians with an overview of the complications and functional and clinical outcomes of children affected by massive lymphatic malformations affecting multiple sites in the head, neck, and/or chest.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all patients who received treatment for massive cervicofacial lymphatic malformations at our tertiary care pediatric institution during a 17-year period. Massive lesions were defined as (1) unilateral lesions that infiltrated at least 50% of two anatomic regions, including the head, neck, or chest; (2) unilateral lesions in which there was involvement of the midline structures of the head or neck; or (3) bilateral lesions in which 50% of each side was affected.

[Cystic cervicofacial lymphangioma in children in Gabon].

Objectives: To review the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and the role of surgery in the management of childhood cystic cervicofacial lymphangioma in Gabon.

Material And Methods: Our retrospective study concerned 16 cases of childhood cystic cervicofacial lymphangioma treated surgically between 1990 and 2004.

Results: The sample included ten girls and six boys whose average age was 30.

[OK-432 therapy for cervicofacial lymphangioma in adults].

The treatment of cervicofacial lymphangiomas has been changing in recent years. OK-432 appears to be a relatively safe and effective treatment option for patients of all ages. An intracystic injection of OK-432 produces a local inflammatory reaction, leading to resolution of the lesion.

[Cervico-facial lymphangiomas. What's the appropriate management?].

Background: Cystic hygroma is a benign and uncommon vascular tumor. Therapeutic difficulties are variables and are discussed with regard to different clinical forms. The curative treatment is surgical.

[State of the art of classification, diagnostics and therapy for cervicofacial hemangiomas and vascular malformations].

The successful treatment of vascular anomalies depends on profound knowledge of the biologic behavior of vascular lesions and their correct classification. On the base of the clinical course Mulliken and Glowacki developed a biologic classification that was accepted as official classification by the ISSVA (International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies). Based on an extended literature research, this manuscript will give an overview of different internationally accepted treatment concepts.

[Treatment of lymphangioma with OK432 in children].

From 1998 to 2003 6 children with lymphangioma of cervico-facial region were treated with OK-432 in Polish Mother Health Institute. Three of them had nonresectable leasion and two required tracheostomy during first months of life. Each patient received from 1 to 10 sessions of obliteration.

[Management of lymphatic malformations in oral and maxillofacial regions: the rationale according to the new classification].

According to the classification of ISSVA, Waner and Suen, the traditionally called lymphangiomas are now referred to as lymphatic malformations, including both macrocystic and microcystic lesions. They are commonly seen vascular anomalies, and most frequently diagnosed at birth and most often occur in the head and neck area. The etiology of lymphatic malformations is still unknown, resulting in a variety of treatment modalities.

Surgical treatment of cervicofacial cystic hygromas in children.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of cervicofacial cystic hygromas in children.

Patients And Methods: Medical records of 17 patients who were operated for cervicofacial cystic hygroma between 1985 and 2004 were evaluated in terms of age, gender, symptoms, diagnostic workups, outcomes and complications.

Results: There was a slight male predominance -- 10 (59%) boys and 7 (41%) girls.

Altered pigment epithelium-derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in lymphangioma pathogenesis and clinical recurrence.

Objective: To determine the role of angiogenesis in the clinical behavior and pathogenesis of lymphangioma tumors.

Design: A retrospective study. Median follow-up period was 44.

Intrapartum management of severe fetal airway obstruction.

Objective: To review our experience with the planned intrapartum management of fetuses with suspected severe airway obstruction.

Methods: Retrospective review of prenatal presentations, intrapartum airway procurement methods, outcomes, and complications.

Results: All cases (N = 11) at our tertiary airway referral institution between 1995 and 2002 were reviewed.

Pediatric cervicofacial tissue expansion.

Introduction: Tissue expanders have long been used for reconstructing large cutaneous and fascio-cutaneous defects in children. Previous studies have examined tissue expansion for all body regions, touching upon the head and neck regions. We present a focused review of our experience with cervicofacial tissue expansion in the pediatric population.

Giant cystic lymphangioma cavernousum of lower limb with overlying lymphangioma circumscriptum.

Lymphangiomas arising outside of the cervicofacial, thoracic, and abdominal areas are extremely rare. We describe a child with a giant cystic lymphangioma cavernousum occurring in the lower leg with overlying lymphangioma circumscriptum, along with its magnetic resonance imaging findings.

[Cervicofacial lymphangioma in adults (10 case reports)].

Introduction: Cystic cervico-facial lymphangioma (DDFL) are relatively rare. Because of their size and site, they pose a real problem in treatment. The authors present a retrospective study about 10 cases.