Bilateral thalamic infarction with posterior cerebral artery variant (the arcade artery): A case report.

Rationale: Bilateral thalamic infarction is a rare type of posterior circulation stroke, and it often presents with a reduced level of consciousness in the elderly. Arteriosclerosis is the primary etiology of bilateral thalamic infarction, including conditions such as native vessel stenosis or arterial-to-arterial embolism. Cardiogenic or paradoxical embolism can also lead to thrombosis of the perforator branches innervating the thalamus, and these emboli tend to disintegrate and lead to multiple lesions, even in elderly patients.

Intracranial complications in adult patients with severe pneumococcal meningitis: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Background: We aimed to investigate the association of intracranial complications diagnosed on neuroimaging with neurological outcomes of adults with severe pneumococcal meningitis.

Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter study on consecutive adults diagnosed with pneumococcal meningitis requiring at least 48 h of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and undergoing neuroimaging, between 2005 and 2021. All neuroimaging were reanalyzed to look for intracranial complications which were categorized as (1) ischemic lesion, (2) intracranial hemorrhage (3) abscess/empyema, (4) ventriculitis, (5) cerebral venous thrombosis, (6) hydrocephalus, (7) diffuse cerebral oedema.

Scrutinizing the COVID-19 vaccine safety debate.

The controversy surrounding the safety of coronavirus disease-19 vaccinations is part of a larger historical backdrop of ongoing discussions regarding vaccine safety that have spanned several decades. The historical disputes around measles, mumps, rubella, and influenza highlight the recurring pattern in which public doubt is fueled by false information and personal stories. A 2024 multinational study in the journal presented preexisting safety indicators for myocarditis, pericarditis, Guillain - Barré syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and post-vaccination severity: a systematic review.

Currently, COVID-19 is still striking after 4 years of prevalence, with millions of cases and thousands of fatalities being recorded every month. The virus can impact other major organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), cardiovascular, central nervous system, renal, and hepatobiliary systems. The resulting organ dysfunction from SARS-CoV-2 may be attributed to one or a combination of mechanisms, such as direct viral toxicity, disruptions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), thrombosis, immune dysregulation, and ischemic injury due to vasculitis.

Double strike without stroke: a postpartum headache with too many causes.

Introduction: Pregnancy and postpartum are phases in the women's life where the thrombotic risk is increased both on the venous and on the arterial side.

Methods: We are presenting the case of a young woman at the third pregnancy, carried out without complications until delivery, whose postpartum was characterized by the occurrence of headache. Neuroimaging studies were performed, firstly brain computed tomography (CT) with CT Angiography and after brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with MR Angiography.

Trousseau syndrome-induced cerebral infarction: Two case reports.

Rationale: As a paraneoplastic syndrome, Trousseau syndrome (TS) is a collective term for various thromboembolic events caused by clotting and fibrinolytic abnormalities in patients with tumors, clinically manifesting as venous and arterial thromboembolism, as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The incidence rate of arterial thrombosis in patients with TS is 2% to 5%.

Patient Concerns: This article reports 2 patients with TS-induced cerebral infarction.

The Microsurgical Resection of an Arteriovenous Malformation in a Patient with Thrombophilia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular anomalies that can present with significant complications, including intracranial hemorrhage. This report presents the case of a 36-year-old female with Prothrombin G20210A mutation-associated thrombophilia, highlighting its potential impact on AVM pathophysiology and management. The patient presented with a right paramedian intraparenchymal frontal hematoma, left hemiparesis, and seizures.

Role of Podoplanin (PDPN) in Advancing the Progression and Metastasis of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM).

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor categorized as a Grade 4 astrocytic glioma by the World Health Organization (WHO). Some of the established risk factors of GBM include inherited genetic syndromes, body mass index, alcohol consumption, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and therapeutic ionizing radiation. Vascular anomalies, including local and peripheral thrombosis, are common features of GBM.

Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Rare Cause of Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Dural venous sinus thrombosis, a subset of cerebral venous thrombosis, is an important pathology due to its significant morbidity and mortality. This process has an annual incidence of three to five cases per million adults. Although copious predisposing factors exist, the core principles revolve around Virchow's triad: venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and vascular endothelial damage.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of early vs. delayed pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses significant health challenges, often leading to complications such as venous thromboembolism (VTE) and increased mortality rates. The administration of early post-traumatic prophylaxis (PTP) is intended to mitigate these risks and enhance overall patient recovery. This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing clinical outcomes associated with early versus late pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in TBI patients.

Clinical Challenges in Treating Cancer Associated Thrombosis: A Clinically Oriented Review.

Background: Managing cancer associated thrombosis (CAT) is a significant clinical challenge due to several factors such as increased bleeding tendency, frailty, and drug - drug interactions. For many years, the drug of choice for treating CAT was low molecular weight heparin (LMWH); Recently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) entered to the therapeutic milieu of CAT. However, due to the large diversity among patients with CAT in clinical and laboratory characteristics not all patients will equally benefit from treatment with DOACs.

Brain and brain blood vessels histological description in autopsies of fetuses/neonates born to mothers with hypertension during pregnancy. A case-control study.

Background: Children born to women with hypertension during pregnancy have a two to threefold increased risk of developing cognitive disorders compared to children born to women without hypertension. However, structural changes in the central nervous system of these children remain poorly understood. We aim to compare the brain histological findings from autopsies of neonates and fetuses born to women with and without hypertension during pregnancy.

Neurovascular complications of antiphospholipid syndrome: a narrative review.

Background:  Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by thrombosis, pregnancy complications, and other nonthrombotic manifestations in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Neurovascular complications, including ischemic stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis and cognitive impairment, pose significant challenges in management.

Objective:  To comprehensively review relevant and updated clinical aspects of neurovascular manifestations of APS.

Evaluation of risk factors for postpartum cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, a multicenter retrospective observational study.

The postpartum period is a well-defined risk factor for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). However, it is unclear which patients are at risk for CVST in the postpartum period. Thus, determining some CVST risk factors in postpartum patients may be useful for preventing the disorder in this population.

Clinical manifestations and misdiagnosis factors of pulmonary embolism patients seeking treatment in cardiology.

To explore the clinical manifestations and factors leading to misdiagnosis in pulmonary embolism (PE) patients in a cardiology department. We retrospectively analyzed 74 patients diagnosed with PE at our hospital from March 2018 to March 2022, comparing them to 136 patients suspected of PE but excluded by computed tomography pulmonary angiography during the same period. Both groups received the same basic care, including disease counseling, nutritional planning, and monitoring.

A "Mismatched" connection: a rare case of indirect or dural carotid-cavernous fistula: a case based review.

Introduction And Importance: A carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is an abnormal connection between the internal or external carotid artery and the venous system of the cavernous sinus. It represents a rare entity, and it is often misdiagnosed due to its overlapping symptoms with other conditions such as cavernous sinus thrombosis or orbital inflammation. Cerebral angiography continues to be the gold standard for diagnosis and surgical planning in patients with CCF, and the endovascular trans-venous approach still represents the primary line of treatment.

Cohort analysis of carotid artery puncture injection of urokinase combined with warfarin for the treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

Purpose: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a cerebrovascular disease with increased intracranial pressure from impaired cerebral venous drainage and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. There is a lack of evidence to prove the benefits and risks of thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapies. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the therapeutic effect of carotid artery puncture injections of urokinase combined with warfarin in patients with CVST.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of cerebral venous malformations.

Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluate the incidence and anatomical locations of cerebral venous malformations (CVMs), their alterations over time, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of their relationships with each other in patients who underwent magnetic susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and contrast-enhanced MRI.

Methods: The drainage pattern of developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), the number of collecting veins, DVA thrombosis, signal-intensity abnormalities, and hemosiderin deposits (nodular, diffuse, or both) related to the DVA, were examined. The alterations over time in cavernomas (type and size) were assessed.

Navigating the Complication: Acute Mastoiditis Causing Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in an Adult.

Acute mastoiditis is an infection of the air cells in the mastoid and is primarily seen in the pediatric population. This disease usually occurs after patients develop otitis media, which can result in acute mastoiditis as a complication. Most patients usually present with generalized symptoms of an infection; however, in some instances, cerebral venous thrombosis can occur.