[Correction to the article "Case Series of 103 Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Portugal", published on Acta Med Port 2020 Dec;33(12):795-802].

On page 801, fifth, where it reads: "No início da pandemia, teorizou-se que a vacina BCG pudesse ter um efeito protetor relativamente à COVID-19,27,28 mas não se encontrou até à data evidência para tal, não estando atualmente recomendada a vacinação BCG na prevenção da COVID-19.28,29 No nosso estudo, a maioria dos doentes (76%) tinha sido vacinada. Analisámos separadamente o subgrupo de crianças nascidas após janeiro de 2016, altura em que passaram a ser vacinadas apenas as crianças pertencentes a grupos de risco.

Cerebrovascular manifestations in hematological diseases: an update.

Patients with hematological diseases often experience cerebrovascular complications including ischemic stroke, intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage, microbleeds, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and dural sinus and cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT). In this update, we will review recent advances in the management of cerebrovascular diseases in the context of myeloproliferative neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, POEMS, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and sickle-cell disease. In acute ischemic stroke associated with hematological diseases, thrombectomy can in general be applied if there is a large vessel occlusion.

Ultra high-risk PFA ependymoma is characterized by loss of chromosome 6q.

Background: Within PF-EPN-A, 1q gain is a marker of poor prognosis, however, it is unclear if within PF-EPN-A additional cytogenetic events exist which can refine risk stratification.

Methods: Five independent non-overlapping cohorts of PF-EPN-A were analyzed applying genome-wide methylation arrays for chromosomal and clinical variables predictive of survival.

Results: Across all cohorts, 663 PF-EPN-A were identified.

Cervical spine multiple myeloma and isolated radiotherapy.

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy frequently presenting with spinal lytic lesions. The authors report the case of a patient with an extensively destructive osteolytic MM lesion in the cervical spine treated exclusively with radiotherapy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans showed an arrest of further progression of instability and resolution of the lytic lesion, showing signs of new bone formation.

Fetal neurosonography detects differences in cortical development and corpus callosum in late-onset small fetuses.

Objective: To explore whether neurosonography can detect differences in cortical development and corpus callosal length in late-onset small fetuses subclassified into small-for-gestational age (SGA) or growth restricted (FGR).

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in singleton pregnancies, including normally grown fetuses (birth weight between the 10 and 90 centiles) and late-onset small fetuses (estimated fetal weight < 10 centile, diagnosed after 32 weeks of gestation and confirmed by birth weight < 10 centile). Small fetuses were subclassified into SGA (birth weight between the 3 and 9 centiles and normal fetoplacental Doppler) and FGR (birth weight < 3 centile and/or abnormal cerebroplacental ratio and/or abnormal uterine artery Doppler).

Neonatal cholestasis: development of a diagnostic decision algorithm from multivariate predictive models.

Despite the recent advances involving molecular studies, the neonatal cholestasis (NC) diagnosis still relays on the expertise of medical teams. Our aim was to develop models of etiological diagnosis and unfavourable prognosis which may support a rationale diagnostic approach. We retrospectively analysed 154 patients born between January 1985 and October 2019.

The impact of COVID-19 on rare and complex connective tissue diseases: the experience of ERN ReCONNET.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to provide high-level care for a large number of patients with COVID-19 has affected resourcing for, and limited the routine care of, all other conditions. The impact of this health emergency is particularly relevant in the rare connective tissue diseases (rCTDs) communities, as discussed in this Perspective article by the multi-stakeholder European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN ReCONNET). The clinical, organizational and health economic challenges faced by health-care providers, institutions, patients and their families during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak have demonstrated the importance of ensuring continuity of care in the management of rCTDs, including adequate diagnostics and monitoring protocols, and highlighted the need for a structured emergency strategy.

Postoperative Brown-Séquard syndrome: case report and review of the literature.

Brown-Séquard syndrome (BSS) is a rare neurological condition caused by a hemi-lesion of the spinal cord and was first described in the 1800s. BSS is characterized by an ipsilateral absence of motor control and discriminatory/proprioceptive/vibratory sensation at and below the spinal level involved, associated with loss of contralateral temperature and pain sensation a couple of vertebral segments below the lesion. BSS is commonly associated with trauma, but can also be iatrogenic.

Incidental finding of MEN-1 syndrome during staging and follow-up of breast carcinoma.

Type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN-1) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease, associated with germline mutations in the MEN-1 tumour suppressor gene (encoding the menin protein). Recent studies, through a better characterisation of the functions of the menin protein, have started to demonstrate how changes in this protein may be related to breast cancer. We present the case of a patient whose diagnosis of MEN-1 syndrome was made during treatment for a breast tumour-this diagnosis was obtained after finding multiple neoplastic lesions that fitted the MEN-1 syndrome spectrum, during the initial staging and subsequent follow-up of a breast tumour.

Diagnosis and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in gastrointestinal bleeding: A systematic review.

Background: Anemia is considered a public health issue and is often caused by iron deficiency. Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) often originates from blood loss from lesions in the gastrointestinal tract in men and postmenopausal women, and its prevalence among patients with gastrointestinal bleeding has been estimated to be 61%. However, few guidelines regarding the appropriate investigation of patients with IDA due to gastrointestinal bleeding have been published.

Consensus document on chronic coronary syndrome assessment and risk stratification in Portugal: A position paper statement from the [Portuguese Society of Cardiology's] Working Groups on Nuclear Cardiology, Magnetic Resonance and Cardiac Computed Tomography, Echocardiography, and Exercise Physiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Despite constant medical evolution, the reimbursement policy of Portuguese National Health Service (NHS) for the study and risk stratification of coronary heart disease has remained unchanged for several decades. Lack of adjustment to contemporary clinical practice has long been evident. However, the recent publication of the European Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of chronic coronary syndromes further highlighted this gap and the urgent need for a change.

Rapid test detection of anti-infliximab antibodies: performance comparison with three different immunoassays.

Background And Aims: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab (IFX) and anti-infliximab antibodies (ATIs) is essential for treatment optimisation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the agreement and accuracy between a new rapid test and three established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to quantify ATIs levels, and to evaluate the impact of exogenous IFX on the performance of these assays.

Methods: We analysed 200 serum samples from 57 IBD outpatients in IFX induction or maintenance therapy at six IBD centres in Portugal.

Redox-Oligomeric State of Peroxiredoxin-2 and Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Red Blood Cells under Positive Airway Pressure Therapy.

In this study, we examined the effect of six months of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) red blood cell (RBC) proteome by two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) - based proteomics followed by Western blotting (WB) validation. The discovered dysregulated proteins/proteoforms are associated with cell death, HO catabolic/metabolic process, stress response, and protein oligomerization. Validation by nonreducing WB was performed for peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by using antibodies against the sulfinylated/sulfonylated cysteine of these proteins to better evaluate their redox-oligomeric states under OSA and/or in response to PAP therapy.

External cephalic version: Predictors of success and influence on caesarean rates.

Objective: To evaluate the success rate of external cephalic version, predictive factors for success of this maneuver and to examine how it affects mode of delivery, pregnancy and neonatal outcome rates.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study performed in a tertiary care university hospital between January 2002 and June 2018. A total of 324 ECVs were performed in 321 pregnancies.

A distinct neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging pattern in parkinsonian multiple system atrophy.

Background: Parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy is a neurodegenerative disorder frequently misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease. No early imaging biomarkers currently differentiate these disorders.

Methods: Simple visual imaging analysis of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging and nigrosome 1 in susceptibility-weighted sequences was performed in thirty patients with parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy fulfilling possible/probable second consensus diagnostic criteria.

Is the Proteome of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Extracellular Vesicles a Marker of Advanced Lung Cancer?

Acellular bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) proteomics can partially separate lung cancer from non-lung cancer patients based on principal component analysis and multivariate analysis. Furthermore, the variance in the proteomics data sets is correlated mainly with lung cancer status and, to a lesser extent, smoking status and gender. Despite these advances BAL small and large extracellular vehicles (EVs) proteomes reveal aberrant protein expression in paracrine signaling mechanisms in cancer initiation and progression.

Social cognition impairment in genetic frontotemporal dementia within the GENFI cohort.

A key symptom of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is difficulty interacting socially with others. Social cognition problems in FTD include impaired emotion processing and theory of mind difficulties, and whilst these have been studied extensively in sporadic FTD, few studies have investigated them in familial FTD. Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) and Faux Pas (FP) recognition tests were used to study social cognition within the Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative (GENFI), a large familial FTD cohort of C9orf72, GRN, and MAPT mutation carriers.

TCox: Correlation-Based Regularization Applied to Colorectal Cancer Survival Data.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Being a heterogeneous disease, cancer therapy and prognosis represent a significant challenge to medical care. The molecular information improves the accuracy with which patients are classified and treated since similar pathologies may show different clinical outcomes and other responses to treatment.

Management of pregnancy in case of multiple and giant uterine fibroids.

Uterine fibroids are common among women of reproductive age. During the pregnancy, the potential complications of fibroids, although rare, are of frequent clinical concern. Available studies describing management and obstetrical outcomes in pregnant women with giant fibroids are limited.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum overlaps hereditary spastic paraplegia type 56.

Purpose: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a recessive disorder involving skin, eyes and arteries, mainly caused by ABCC6 pathogenic variants. However, almost one fifth of patients remain genetically unsolved despite extensive genetic screening of ABCC6, as illustrated in a large French PXE series of 220 cases. We searched for new PXE gene(s) to solve the ABCC6-negative patients.

Distinct epidemiology and resistance mechanisms affecting ceftolozane/tazobactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from ICU patients in Spain and Portugal depicted by WGS.

Objectives: To analyse the epidemiology, the resistome and the virulome of ceftolozane/tazobactam-susceptible or -resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates recovered from surveillance studies in Portugal (STEP, 2017-18) and Spain (SUPERIOR, 2016-17).

Methods: P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from intra-abdominal, urinary tract and lower respiratory tract infections in ICU patients admitted to 11 Portuguese and 8 Spanish hospitals.

Continuous wave milipulse yellow laser treatment for perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex-like lesion: A case report.

Introduction: Perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PEVAC) is an underdiagnosed macular entity. A striking feature of this entity is the unresponsiveness to anti-VEGF treatment. Continuous wave milipulse yellow laser 577 nm (CWMYL-577) has a high absorption peak for oxyhaemoglobin, which allows for low power density use.